Universidad del Atlántico

Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

FILTRATION

1) Ruth and Kempe (1937) reported the results of laboratory tests of filtration for a precipated of
CaCO3 (2,93 g/mL in density) from a water suspension (1,1 cp in viscosity). A filter press (Plate and
frame) specially design with a only frame. The frame has a filtered area of 0,283 ft 2 and cake
thickness of 1,18 in. All experiments were carried out at 66°F with a weight fraction of CaCO3
0,0723. The dry cake density was 100 lb / ft 3 . At constant pressure 40 lb/ín 2 , the results obtained
for one run werw the following:

Determine:
a) Equivalent filtered volume (V e )
b) Porosity (ε )
c) Specific cake resistance (α )
d) Permeability of porous medium (K)
e) Specific cake surface area (S 0 )
f) Medium resistance ( R M )

SOLUTION:

dt
a) With the Lagrange´s equation, we calculate
dV
dt μ ×α ×C s
=[ 2 ][V e +V ]
dV A (−Δ P)
Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

For solution to the previous equation we have:

2
Where R =0,9953

μ α Cs
m=
A 2 (−Δ P)
s
m=18,516 2
L

μα Cs
b=[ 2
]×V e
A (−Δ P)

s
b=5,797
L

From the equation of b, we solve for and calculate V e

b=m×V e

b 5,797 s/ L 0,001 m3 −4 3
V e= = 2
× =3,131×10 m
m 18,516 s / L 1L

b) We calculate the porosity

ρ (H O) =ρ l=1000 kg /m 3
2
Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

ρ (CaCO )= ρ s=2930 kg /m3

3

ρ app =1685,85 kg /m3

The equation of porosity is:

ρ 1685,85 kg/ m
3
ε =1− ρapp =1− 3
=0,4246
s 2930 kg /m

c) We calculate the specific cake resistance:

we have the fraction x s=0,0723

we calculate base for 1 kg of solution:

ms=(0,0723)(1 kg)=0,0723 kg

ml=(1−0,0723)(1 kg)=0,9277 kg H 2 O

We calculate the volume:

ml 0,9277 kg H 2 O −4 3
v l= ρ = 3
=9,277×10 m H 2 O
l 1000 kg/m

We calculate C s

ms 0,0723 kg
C s= = =77,93 kg /m3
V l 9,277×10−4 m3

We convert the units of Δ P=40 lb /ín 2=275,79 kPa

They are two phaseson the frame, therefore A we multiply by 2:

2
2 2 0,092903 m 2
A=(2)(0,283 ft )=0,566 ft time( 2
)=0,05258 m
1 ft

The specific cake resistance is:

2
A (− Δ P)m
α= =1,647×1011 m/kg
μ Cs

d) We calculate the prmeability of porous medium

Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

1 1 −15 2
K= = =3,602×10 m
[ ρ s (1−ε ) α ] ( 2930 kg/m )(1−0,4246)(1,647×10 m/kg)
3 11

e) We calculate the specific cake surface area:

√ α ρ sε 3
√
11 3
(1,647×10 m/kg )(2930 kg/m )( 0,4246)
S 0= = =3,583×106 m2
5(1−ε ) (5)(1−0,4246)

f) We calculate the medium resistance:

α C s V e (1,647×1011 m/ kg)(77,93 kg /m3 )(3,131×10−4 m3 )

R m= = 2
=7,642×1010 m−1
A (0,05258 m )

2) A 20% pulp a siliceous gold ore had to be filtered at constant rate to recover the gold. The filtering
medium was cloth and the filtering surface area 0,09 m2. . Pressure was gradually increased to
maintain the filterinf rate was 1,8×10−5 m3 / s . Estimate the resitances of the cake and the medium.
Data:
Density of solid= 3845 kg /m3
Density of filtrate = 1000 kg/m3
Viscosity of filtrate at 25°C= 0,89mPa s, cake moisture= 10%

SOLUTION:

We calculate V, knowing that is constant:

Q=1,8×10−5 m3 / s

dV
=Q=constant
dt
v t

∫ dv =Q∫ dt
v0 t0

Integrating we have:

V =Q×t

μ⋅α⋅c s
(Δ P)=( )⋅Q⋅(v l + v)
A2
Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

With linear regression we obtain these results:

2
Where R =0,9978

μ⋅α⋅c s⋅Q
m= 2
A

Kpa 1000 pa 3
m=5088,89 ×( )=5088890 pa /m
m 3
1 Kpa

μ⋅α⋅c s⋅Q⋅v l
b= 2
A

b=6,86 Kpa
3
ρl=1000 kg/ m

3
ρ Au=ρs =3845 kg/m

We have the fraction X s=0,2

We calculate base for 1 kg of solution:

Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

ms=( x s)(1 kg)=(0,2)(1 kg)=0,2 kg

ml=(1−0,2)( 1kg)=0,8 kg

We calculate C s :

ms
C s=
vl

0,2 kg 3
C s= −4 3
=250 kg /m
8,0 x 10 m

We calculate the specific cake resistance

(0,09 m2)2 (5088890 pa /m3 )

α= −4 3 −5 3
=1,029 x 1010 m/kg
(8,9 x 10 pa . s)(250 kg /m )(1,8 x 10 m /s)

α =1,029 x 107 m/ kg

We calculate v l :

b
v l=
m

6,86 kPa −3 3
v l= 3
=1,348 x 10 m
5088,89 kPa/m

The medium resistance is:

α⋅c s⋅v l
R M=
A

1,029 x 10 10 m/kg×250 kg/m3×0,001348 m3 10 −1

R M= 2
=3,854 x 10 m
0,09m
Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

3) Determination of the average specific resistance of the cake (α) aplicable to the filtration of a
suspension of ZnS type B with (-ΔPc) of 70 lb/in2 abs.
The compression-permeability data for this suspension are presented in Table.

SOLUTION:

We find the inverse of αp and then plot it with respect to the filter pressure:
Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

In the graph we can see the mismatch of the curve with respect to the trend line of the exponential
function, so we divide the graph into two parts, taking them as intervals.

*For the first interval (0-30):

We calculate the integral of the equation:

30

∫ (−0,0002 x3 +0,0112 x 2 −0,2151 x+1,38)dx=4,905

0

*For the second interval (30-70)

Universidad del Atlántico
Fluids Mechanics II
Valeria Cotua González
German Lobo Hamburger

We calculate the integral of the equation:

70

∫ (2×10−5 x 2−0,0031 x +0,1384) dx=1,442

30

We calculate the specific cake resistance:

− ∆ 𝑃𝑐
α= −12
(integral 1+integral 2)×10

70 13
α= −12
=1,103×10 pie/lb
(4,905+1,442)×10