Iec TS 61936-2-2015

I E C TS 61 9 3 6-2
Ed i ti on 1 . 0 201 5-03
TE C H N I C AL
S P E C I F I C ATI ON
colour
i n sid e
P owe r i n s tal l ati on s excee d i n g 1 kV a. c. an d 1 , 5 kV d . c. –
P art 2 : d . c.
I E C TS 61 936-2 : 201 5-03(en )
Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D
C o p yri g h t © 2 0 1 5 I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d
Al l ri g h ts re s e rve d . U n l es s o th e rwi s e s p e c i fi e d , no p a rt of th i s p u b l i c a ti o n m ay be re p ro d u c e d or u ti l i z e d in an y fo rm
or by an y m eans, e l e c t ro n i c or m e ch a n i c a l , i n cl u d i n g p h o t o c o p yi n g an d m i c ro fi l m , wi t h o u t p e rm i s s i o n in wri t i n g fro m
e i th e r IEC or I E C's m em be r N ati o n a l C o m m i t te e in th e c o u n t ry of th e re q u e s t e r. If yo u h a ve an y q u e s ti o n s ab o u t I EC
c o p y ri g h t or h a ve an e n q u i ry a bo u t o b ta i n i n g a d d i ti o n a l ri g h t s to th i s p u b l i c a ti o n , pl eas e c o n t a ct th e a d d re s s bel ow or
yo u r l ocal I EC m em be r N a ti o n a l C o m m i tt e e fo r fu rt h e r i n fo rm a t i o n .
IEC C e n t ra l O ffi c e Tel . : + 41 22 91 9 02 1 1
3, ru e de V a re m b é F a x: +41 22 91 9 03 00
CH -1 21 1 G e n e va 20 i n fo @ i e c. c h
S wi t ze rl a n d www. i e c . c h
Ab ou t th e I E C
Th e I n t e rn a ti o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l Com m i ssi o n (I E C ) is th e l ea d i n g g l obal o rg a n i z a t i o n th a t p re p a re s an d pu bl i sh es
I n t e rn a t i o n a l S t a n d a rd s fo r al l e l e c t ri c a l , e l e c t ro n i c and re l a t e d tech n o l o g i es .
Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s
Th e tech n i cal co n te n t of IEC p u b l i c a ti o n s is ke p t u n d er c o n s ta n t re vi e w by th e I EC. P l e as e m a ke s u re th a t yo u h a ve th e
l ates t e d i ti o n , a c o rri g e n d a or an am en d m en t might h a ve been pu bl i sh ed .
I E C C atal og u e - webs tore. i ec. ch /catal og u e E l ectroped i a - www. el ectroped i a. org
Th e s ta n d - a l o n e a p p l i cati o n fo r co n s u l ti n g th e e n ti re Th e wo rl d ' s l ead i n g on l i n e d i cti o n a ry of e l e ctro n i c an d
b i b l i o g ra p h i ca l i n fo rm ati o n on I EC I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s , e l e ctri ca l te rm s co n ta i n i n g m o re th a n 30 000 te rm s an d
Te ch n i ca l S p eci fi cati o n s , Te ch n i ca l Re p o rts an d o th e r d e fi n i ti o n s in Engl ish an d F re n ch , wi th e q u i va l e n t te rm s in 1 5
d o cu m e n ts . Ava i l a b l e fo r PC, M ac OS, An d ro i d Ta b l ets an d a d d i ti o n a l l an g u ag es. Al s o kn o wn as th e I n te rn a ti o n a l
i Pad . E l e ctro tech n i ca l Voca b u l a ry (I E V) on l i n e .
I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www. i ec. ch /s earch pu b I E C G l os s ary - s td . i ec. ch /g l os s ary
Th e a d va n ce d s e a rch e n a b l es to fi n d I EC p u b l i ca ti o n s by a M o re th a n 60 000 e l ectrote ch n i ca l te rm i n o l o g y e n tri e s in
va ri e ty of cri te ri a (re fe re n ce n u m b e r, te xt, tech n i cal En g l i sh an d F re n ch e xtra cte d from th e Te rm s an d D e fi n i ti o n s
com m i tte e , … ). It al so g i ve s i n fo rm ati o n on p ro j e cts , re p l a ce d cl a u s e of I EC p u b l i cati o n s i ss u e d s i n ce 2002. S om e e n tri e s
an d wi th d ra wn p u b l i ca ti o n s . h a ve been co l l ecte d from e a rl i e r p u b l i ca ti o n s of I EC TC 37,
77, 86 an d CI S P R.
I E C J u s t Pu bl i s h ed - webs tore. i ec. ch /j u s tpu bl i s h ed
S ta y up to d ate on al l n ew I EC p u b l i ca ti o n s . J ust P u bl i sh ed I E C C u s tom er S ervi ce C en tre - webs tore. i ec. ch /cs c
d e ta i l s al l n ew p u b l i cati o n s re l ea s e d . Ava i l a b l e on l i n e an d If yo u wi s h to g i ve us yo u r fe e d b a ck on th i s p u b l i ca ti o n or
al so o n ce a m o n th b y em a i l . n eed fu rth e r a ss i s ta n ce , p l e as e con ta ct th e C u s tom e r S e rvi ce
C e n tre : csc@ i ec. ch .

I E C TS 61 9 36-2
®
Ed i ti on 1 . 0 201 5-03
TE C H N I C AL
S PE C I FI C ATI ON
colour
i n sid e
P ower i n s tal l ati on s exceed i n g 1 kV a. c. an d 1 , 5 kV d . c. –
P art 2: d . c.
I N TERN ATI ON AL
ELECTROTECH N I CAL
COM MI SSI ON
I CS 29. 020; 29. 080. 01 I SB N 978-2-8322-2304-8
Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th at you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i stri bu tor.
® Reg i stered trad emark of th e I n ternati on al El ectrotech ni cal Commi ssi on

– 2 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
C O N TE N TS
F O R E W O RD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I N T RO D U C T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1 S cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 N o rm a ti ve re fe re n ce s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 T e rm s a n d d e fi n i ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
4 F u n d a m e n ta l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
4. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
4. 1 . 1 G e n e ra l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
4. 1 . 2 Ag re e m e n ts b e twe e n s u p p l i e r ( m a n u fa ctu re r) a n d u s e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
4. 2 E l e c tri c a l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
4. 2. 1 M e th o d s o f d . c . n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
4. 2. 2 Vo l ta g e c l a s s i fi c a ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
4. 2. 3 C u rre n t i n n o rm a l o p e ra ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
4. 2. 4 S h o rt- c i rc u i t c u rre n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
4. 2. 5 Ra te d fre q u e n c y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
4. 2. 6 C o ro n a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
4. 2. 7 E l e c tri c a n d m a g n e ti c fi e l d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 2. 8 O ve rvo l ta g e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 2. 9 H a rm o n i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 2. 1 0 G a l va n i c s e p a ra ti o n b e twe e n a . c. a n d d . c . s ys te m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 3 M e c h a n i c a l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 4 C l i m a ti c a n d e n vi ro n m e n ta l c o n d i ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 4. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
4. 4. 2 N o rm a l c o n d i ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
4. 4. 3 S p e c i a l c o n d i ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
4. 5 S p e c i a l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5 I n s u l a ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5. 2 S e l e c ti o n o f i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5. 2. 1 C o n s i d e ra ti o n o f m e th o d s o f n e u tra l e a rth i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5. 2. 2 C o n s i d e ra ti o n o f ra te d wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
5. 3 Ve ri fi c a ti o n o f wi th s ta n d va l u e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
5. 4 M i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s o f l i ve p a rts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
5. 5 M i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s b e twe e n p a rts u n d e r s p e c i a l co n d i ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
5. 6 T e s te d c o n n e cti o n zo n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6 E q u i pm en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 1 G e n e ra l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 2 S p e c i fi c re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 2. 1 S wi tch i n g d e vi c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 2. 2 Re a cto rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
6. 2. 3 P re fa b ri c a te d t yp e - te s te d s wi tc h g e a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
6. 2. 4 S u rg e a rre s te rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
6. 2. 5 C a p a ci to rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
6. 2. 6 L i n e tra p s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
6. 2. 7 I n s u l a to rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
6. 2. 8 I n s u l a te d ca b l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9

IEC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 3 –
6. 2. 9 C o n d u c t o rs an d a cc e s s o ri e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
6. 2. 1 0 Ro ta t i n g e l e c t ri c a l m a ch i n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
6. 2. 1 1 S t a t i c c o n v e r t e rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
6. 2. 1 2 Fu ses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6. 2. 1 3 E l e c tri c a l an d m e ch a n i ca l I n t e rl o c k i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
6. 2. 1 4 E l e c tro n i c va l ve d e vi ce s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
6. 2. 1 5 Va l ve co o l i n g s ys t e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
7 I n s ta l l a ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
7. 1 G e n e ra l r e q u i re m e n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
7. 1 . 1 C i rc u i t a rra n g e m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
7. 1 . 2 D ocu m en ta ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7. 1 . 3 T ra n s p o rt ro u t e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
7. 1 . 4 Ai s l e s an d a cce s s a re a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
7. 1 . 5 L i g h ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7. 1 . 6 O p e ra t i o n a l s a fe t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
7. 1 . 7 Lab el l i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7. 2 O u td o o r i n s ta l l a ti o n s of open d esi g n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7. 2. 1 P ro t e c t i v e b a rri e r c l e a r a n c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
7. 2. 2 P ro t e c t i v e o bs tacl e c l e a ra n c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
7. 2. 3 B o u n d a r y c l e a ra n c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
7. 2. 4 Minimum h e i g h t o ve r a cc e s s a re a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
7. 2. 5 C l e a ra n c e s to bu i l d in gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7. 2. 6 E x t e rn a l fe n c e s o r wa l l s an d a cc e s s d o o rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. 3 I n d o o r i n s ta l l a t i o n s of open d esi g n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. 4 I n s ta l l a ti o n o f p r e fa b ri c a t e d t yp e - t e s t e d s wi tc h g e a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
7. 5 R e q u i re m e n t s fo r b u i l d i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. 5. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
7. 5. 2 S t ru c t u ra l p ro v i s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
7. 5. 3 Ro o m s fo r s w i t c h g e a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
7. 5. 4 M a i n te n an ce and o p e ra ti n g a re a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
7. 5. 5 D o o rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7. 5. 6 D ra i n i n g of i n s u l ati n g liq u id s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7. 5. 7 Ai r c o n d i t i o n i n g and ve n ti l a ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
7. 5. 8 Buildings wh i ch re q u i r e s pe ci a l c o n s i d e ra t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
7. 6 High vo l ta g e /l o w vo l ta g e p re fa b ri c a t e d s u b s ta ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
7. 7 E l e c t ri c a l i n s ta l l a ti o n s on m a s t, pole an d to we r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
8 S a fe t y m e a s u re s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
8. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
8. 2 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t con ta ct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
8. 2. 1 M e a s u re s fo r p ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t c o n t a c t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
8. 2. 2 P ro t e c t i o n re q u i r e m e n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
8. 3 Means to p ro t e c t p e rs o n s in ca s e o f i n d i re c t c o n t a c t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
8. 4 Means to p ro t e c t p e rs o n s w o rk i n g on e l e c t ri c a l i n s t a l l a ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8. 5 P ro t e c t i o n fro m d a n g e r re s u l t i n g fr o m a rc fa u l t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
8. 6 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t l i g h tn i n g s t ro k e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
8. 7 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t fi r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
8. 8 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t l e a ka g e of i n s u l ati n g li q u id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8. 9 I d e n t i fi c a t i o n an d m a rk i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
9 P ro t e c t i o n , c o n t ro l an d a u x i l i a r y s ys t e m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

– 4 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
10 E a rth i n g s ys te m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
1 0. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
1 0. 2 F u n d a m e n ta l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
1 0. 2. 1 S a fe t y cri te ri a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
1 0. 2. 2 F u n cti o n a l re q u i re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0
1 0. 2. 3 H i g h a n d l o w vo l ta g e e a rth i n g s ys te m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0
1 0. 3 D e s i g n o f e a rth i n g s ys te m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0
1 0. 3. 1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0
1 0. 3. 2 P o we r s ys te m fa u l ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
1 0. 3. 3 L i g h tn i n g a n d tra n s i e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
1 0. 4 C o n s tru c ti o n o f e a rth i n g s ys te m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
1 0. 5 M e a s u re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
1 0. 6 M a i n ta i n a b i l i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
1 0. 6. 1 I n s p e cti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
1 0. 6. 2 M e a s u re m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
11 I n s p e cti o n a n d te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
1 1 .1 G e n e ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
1 1 .2 Ve ri fi c a ti o n o f s p e c i fi e d p e rfo rm a n c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
1 1 .3 T e s ts d u ri n g i n s ta l l a ti o n a n d co m m i s s i o n i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
1 1 .4 T ri a l ru n n i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
12 O p e ra ti o n a n d m a i n te n a n ce m a n u a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
An n e x A ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) Va l u e s o f ra te d i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l s a n d m i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s i n a i r
b a s e d o n n o m i n a l vo l ta g e o f s o m e H VD C p ro j e c ts wo rl d wi d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
An n e x B ( n o rm a ti ve ) M e th o d o f ca l c u l a ti n g th e vo l ta g e l i m i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5
B i b l i o g ra p h y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
F i g u re 1 – Ap p ro a ch e s wi th b u i l d i n g s ( wi th i n cl o s e d e l e c tri ca l o p e ra ti n g a re a s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
F i g u re 2 – T o u ch vo l ta g e l i m i t d . c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 5 –
I N TE RN ATI O N AL E L E C TRO TE C H N I C AL C O M M I S S I O N
____________
P O WE R I N S T AL L AT I O N S E X C E E D I N G 1 kV a . c . a n d 1 , 5 kV d . c. –
P a rt 2 : d . c.
F O RE W O RD
1) T h e I n te rn a ti o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l C o m m i s s i o n ( I E C ) i s a wo rl d wi d e o rg a n i z a ti o n fo r s t a n d a rd i z a t i o n c o m p ri s i n g
al l n a ti o n a l e l e c tro t e c h n i c a l c o m m i t te e s (I E C N ati o n a l C o m m i tt e e s ) . Th e o bj ect of I EC is to p ro m o te
i n te rn a ti o n a l c o - o p e ra t i o n o n a l l q u e s t i o n s c o n c e rn i n g s ta n d a rd i za t i o n i n th e e l e c t ri c a l a n d e l e c tro n i c fi e l d s . T o
th i s end and in a d d i ti o n to o t h e r a c ti vi ti e s , I EC pu bl i sh es I n te rn a ti o n a l S t a n d a rd s , Te ch n i ca l S p e c i fi c a ti o n s ,
Te ch n i ca l Re p o rts , P u b l i cl y Ava i l a b l e S p e c i fi c a ti o n s (P AS ) an d G u i d es ( h e re a ft e r re fe rre d to as “I E C
P u b l i c a ti o n ( s ) ” ) . T h e i r p re p a ra t i o n i s e n t ru s t e d to te c h n i c a l c o m m i tte e s ; a n y I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i tte e i n te re s t e d
in th e s u bj ect d eal t wi t h m ay p a rt i c i p a t e in th i s p re p a ra t o ry wo rk . I n t e rn a ti o n a l , g o ve rn m e n t a l an d n on -
g o v e rn m e n ta l o rg a n i z a ti o n s l i a i s i n g wi th th e I E C a l s o p a rti c i p a te i n th i s p re p a ra t i o n . I E C c o l l a b o ra te s c l o s e l y
wi th th e I n t e rn a ti o n a l O rg a n i z a ti o n fo r S ta n d a rd i z a t i o n (I S O) in a c c o rd a n c e wi th co n d i ti o n s d e t e rm i n e d by
a g re e m e n t b e t we e n th e t wo o rg a n i za ti o n s .
2) T h e fo rm a l d e c i s i o n s o r a g re e m e n ts o f I E C o n t e c h n i c a l m a t te rs e xp re s s , a s n e a rl y a s p o s s i b l e , a n i n t e rn a t i o n a l
co n s e n s u s of opi n i on on th e re l e v a n t s u b j e c ts s i n ce e ach te c h n i c a l c o m m i tt e e h as re p re s e n ta ti o n fro m al l
i n te re s te d I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i t te e s .
3) I E C P u b l i c a t i o n s h a ve th e fo rm o f re c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r i n t e rn a t i o n a l u se an d a re a c c e p t e d b y I E C N a ti o n a l
C o m m i tte e s i n t h a t s e n s e . W h i l e a l l re a s o n a b l e e ffo rt s a re m a d e t o e n s u re th a t th e te c h n i c a l c o n t e n t o f I E C
P u b l i c a ti o n s is a c c u ra te , IEC can n ot be h el d re s p o n s i b l e fo r th e wa y in wh i c h th e y a re used or fo r an y
m i s i n t e rp re t a t i o n b y a n y e n d u s e r.
4) In o rd e r t o p ro m o te i n te rn a t i o n a l u n i fo rm i ty, I EC N ati o n a l C o m m i tte e s u n d e rta ke to appl y I EC P u b l i ca ti o n s

t ra n s p a re n t l y to th e m a xi m u m e xt e n t possi bl e in th e i r n a ti on al an d re g i o n a l p u b l i c a ti o n s . An y d i v e rg e n c e
b e t we e n a n y I E C P u b l i c a t i o n a n d t h e c o rre s p o n d i n g n a ti o n a l o r re g i o n a l p u b l i c a ti o n s h a l l b e c l e a rl y i n d i c a te d i n
t h e l a tt e r.
5) I E C i ts e l f d o e s n o t p ro vi d e a n y a tt e s ta ti o n o f c o n fo rm i ty. I n d e p e n d e n t c e rt i fi c a t i o n b o d i e s p ro vi d e c o n fo rm i ty
a s s e s s m e n t s e rvi c e s a n d , i n s o m e a re a s , a c c e s s t o I E C m a rk s o f c o n fo rm i t y. I E C i s n o t re s p o n s i b l e fo r a n y
s e rvi c e s c a rri e d o u t b y i n d e p e n d e n t c e rti fi c a ti o n b o d i e s .
6) Al l u s e rs s h o u l d e n s u re th a t t h e y h a v e t h e l a t e s t e d i ti o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n .
7) N o l i a b i l i t y s h a l l a t t a c h to I E C o r i ts d i re c to rs , e m p l o ye e s , s e rva n t s o r a g e n ts i n c l u d i n g i n d i vi d u a l e xp e rts a n d
m e m b e rs o f i ts t e c h n i c a l c o m m i tte e s a n d I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i t te e s fo r a n y p e rs o n a l i n j u ry , p ro p e rty d a m a g e o r
oth e r d am a g e of an y n a tu re wh a ts o e v e r, wh e th e r d i re c t o r i n d i re c t , o r fo r c o s t s (i n cl u d i n g l eg al fe e s ) an d
e xp e n s e s a ri s i n g ou t of th e p u b l i c a ti o n , use o f, or re l i a n c e u pon, th i s IEC P u b l i c a ti o n or any o th e r I EC
P u bl i cati o n s .
8) At te n t i o n i s d ra wn t o th e N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s c i t e d i n t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n . U s e o f t h e re fe re n c e d p u b l i c a ti o n s i s
i n d i s p e n s a b l e fo r th e c o rre c t a p p l i c a ti o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n .
9) At te n t i o n i s d ra wn t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y th a t s o m e o f t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h i s I E C P u b l i c a t i o n m a y b e th e s u b j e c t o f
p a te n t ri g h ts . I E C s h a l l n o t b e h e l d re s p o n s i b l e fo r i d e n t i fyi n g a n y o r a l l s u c h p a t e n t ri g h ts .
Th e m ain ta s k of I EC te c h n i c a l co m m i tte e s is to p re p a re I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s . In
e xce p ti o n a l c i rc u m s ta n c e s , a te ch n i c a l c o m m i tte e m a y p ro p o s e th e p u b l i c a ti o n o f a te c h n i ca l
s p e c i fi ca ti o n wh e n
• th e re q u i re d s u p p o rt c a n n o t b e o b ta i n e d fo r th e p u b l i ca ti o n o f a n I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd ,
d e s p i te re p e a te d e ffo rts , o r
• th e s u b j e c t i s s ti l l u n d e r te ch n i c a l d e ve l o p m e n t o r wh e re , fo r a n y o th e r re a s o n , th e re i s th e
fu tu re b u t n o i m m e d i a te p o s s i b i l i t y o f a n a g re e m e n t o n a n I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .
T e ch n i c a l s p e c i fi c a ti o n s a re s u b j e ct to re vi e w wi th i n th re e ye a rs of p u b l i c a ti o n to d eci d e
wh e th e r th e y ca n b e tra n s fo rm e d i n to I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s .
I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 2 , wh i ch i s a te ch n i c a l s p e c i fi ca ti o n , h a s b e e n p re p a re d b y te c h n i ca l co m m i tte e 9 9 :
S ys te m e n g i n e e ri n g an d e re cti o n o f e l e ctri c a l p o we r i n s ta l l a ti o n s in s ys te m s wi th n om i n al
vo l ta g e s a b o ve 1 kV a . c. a n d 1 , 5 kV d . c . , p a rt i cu l a rl y c o n ce rn i n g s a fe t y a s p e cts .

–6– IEC TS 61 936-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5
Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition.
The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
99/1 30/DTS 99/1 32/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61 936 series, published under the general title
, can be found on the IEC website.
Po we r in s ta lla tio n s
e xce e din g 1 kV a . c . a n d 1 , 5 kV d. c.
The following differences exist in the countries indicated below:

7.2.4: For live parts without protective facilities, a minimum height H = N + 2 440 mm shall be maintained.
(Australia)
7.2.6: Guidance reference construction can be found at ENA Doc 01 5. (Australia)
7.5.4: Space for evacuation shall always be at least 600 mm, even when removable parts or open doors, which are
blocked in the direction of escape, intrude into the escape routes. (Australia)
8.7.1 : Fire rating of barriers must be a minimum fire rating of 1 20 minutes. (Australia)
8.7.2: The dimensions G1 and G2 are to be measured from the inside edge wall of any bund wall rather than the
measured point shown in Figure 7a) and 7b) of IEC 61 936-1 :201 0/AMD1 :201 4 from the transformer where the bund
wall is wider than the transformer. (Australia)
8.8: Spill containment should extend by 50% of the height of the transformer. (Australia)
1 0: For requirements on earthing, refer to AS 2067, Substations and High Voltage Installations. (Australia)
1 0.2.1 : HV earthing systems should be designed according to tolerable voltages based on body impedances not
exceeded by 5 % of the population, as given in Table 1 0 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005. (United Kingdom)
1 0.2.1 : Permissible touch and step voltages in power installations shall be in accordance with Federal law
concerning electrical installations (High and low voltage) (SR 734.0) and Regulations for electrical power
installations (SR 743.2 StV). (Switzerland)
1 0.2.1 and Annex B: Earthing requirements are based on probabilistic calculations and so much of the clause is not
appropriate for Australia. (Australia)

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 7 –
T h e c o m m i tte e h a s d e c i d e d th a t th e c o n te n ts o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n wi l l re m a i n u n c h a n g e d u n ti l
th e s ta b i l i t y d a te i n d i ca te d on th e I EC we b s i te u n d er " h ttp : //we b s to re . i e c. c h " in th e d a ta
re l a te d to th e s p e c i fi c p u b l i c a ti o n . At th i s d a te , th e p u b l i c a ti o n wi l l b e
• tra n s fo rm e d i n to a n I n te rn a ti o n a l s ta n d a rd ,
• re co n fi rm e d ,
• wi th d ra wn ,
• re p l a ce d b y a re vi s e d e d i ti o n , o r
• am en d ed .
A b i l i n g u a l ve rs i o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n m a y b e i s s u e d a t a l a te r d a te .
I M P O R T AN T – Th e ' co l ou r in side' l og o on th e cover p ag e of th i s p u b l i cati on i n d i c a te s
th a t it co n ta i n s c o l o u rs wh i ch a re c o n s i d e re d to be u s e fu l fo r th e c o rre c t
u n d e rs t a n d i n g of i ts c o n te n ts . U s e rs sh ou l d t h e re fo re p ri n t th i s d ocu m e n t u si n g a
c o l o u r p ri n t e r.

– 8 – IEC TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
I N T RO D U C T I O N
T h e re a re fe w n ati on a l l a ws , s t a n d a rd s and i n t e rn a l ru l e s d eal i ng wi t h th e m a tt e r co m i n g
wi t h i n th e s co p e of th i s tech n i ca l s p e c i fi c a t i o n , an d th es e p ra cti c e s h a ve been ta ke n as a
basis fo r t h i s w o rk .
Th i s p a rt of I EC 61 936 con tai n s th e minimum re q u i re m e n t s va l i d fo r I EC c o u n t ri e s and som e
a d d i ti o n a l i n fo rm a t i o n wh i ch e n s u re s an a cc e p ta b l e re l i a b i l i t y of an i n s ta l l a ti o n and i ts s a fe
o p e ra ti o n .
Th i s p a rt of I EC 61 936 is pu bl i sh ed as a T e ch n i ca l S p e c i fi c a t i o n in o rd e r to we l c o m e
c o n t ri b u t i o n and i n vo l ve m e n t fro m a wi d e r a u d i e n ce . Th i s may p ro v i d e th e basi s fo r a fu t u r e
i n t e rn a t i o n a l s t a n d a rd .
Th e p u b l i ca ti o n of th i s te ch n i ca l s p e c i fi c a t i o n is b e l i e ve d to be a d e ci s i ve s tep t o w a rd s th e
g ra d u a l al i g n m en t all o ve r th e w o rl d of th e p ra c t i c e s c o n c e rn i n g th e d esi gn and e re cti o n of
high vo l ta g e p o we r i n s ta l l a ti o n s .
P a rt i c u l a r re q u i re m e n ts fo r t ra n s m i s s i o n an d d i s t ri b u t i o n i n s ta l l a ti o n s as we l l as p a rt i c u l a r
re q u i re m e n t s fo r p o we r g e n e ra t i o n and i n d u s t ri a l i n s t a l l a ti o n s a re i n cl u d e d in th i s te c h n i ca l
s p e c i fi c a t i o n .
Th e re l e va n t l a ws o r re g u l a t i o n s of an a u th o ri t y h a v i n g j u ri s d i c t i o n ta ke s p re c e d e n c e .

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 9 –
P O WE R I N S T AL L AT I O N S E X C E E D I N G 1 kV a . c . a n d 1 , 5 kV d . c. –
P a rt 2 : d . c.
1 S cop e
T h i s p a rt o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 p ro vi d e s , i n a co n ve n i e n t fo rm , co m m o n ru l e s fo r th e d e s i g n a n d th e
e re c ti o n o f e l e ctri c a l p o we r i n s ta l l a ti o n s i n s ys te m s wi th n o m i n a l vo l ta g e s a b o ve 1 , 5 kV d . c . ,
s o a s to p ro vi d e s a fe t y a n d p ro p e r fu n c ti o n i n g fo r th e u s e i n te n d e d .
T h i s te c h n i ca l s p e c i fi c a ti o n d o e s n o t a p p l y to th e d e s i g n a n d e re c ti o n o f a n y o f th e fo l l o wi n g :
– o ve rh e a d a n d u n d e rg ro u n d l i n e s b e twe e n s e p a ra te i n s ta l l a ti o n s ;
– e l e c tri c ra i l wa ys ;
– m i n i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d i n s ta l l a ti o n s ;
– i n s ta l l a ti o n s o n s h i p s a n d o ff- s h o re i n s ta l l a ti o n s ;
– e l e c tro s ta ti c e q u i p m e n t ( e . g . e l e c tro s ta ti c p re c i p i ta to rs , s p ra y- p a i n ti n g u n i ts ) ;
– te s t s i te s ;
– m e d i c a l e q u i p m e n t, e . g . m e d i c a l X - ra y e q u i p m e n t;
– va l ve h a l l .
Th i s te c h n i ca l s p e c i fi c a ti o n d oes n ot appl y to th e d esi g n of fa c to ry- b u i l t, t yp e - te s te d

s wi tc h g e a r fo r wh i c h s e p a ra te I E C s ta n d a rd s e xi s t.
T h i s te c h n i c a l s p e c i fi ca ti o n d o e s n o t a p p l y to th e re q u i re m e n ts fo r c a rryi n g o u t l i ve wo rki n g o n
e l e c tri ca l i n s ta l l a ti o n s .
T h i s te ch n i c a l s p e ci fi ca ti o n d o e s n o t a p p l y to th e d e s i g n o f fa c to ry- b u i l t, typ e - te s te d th yri s to r

va l ve s , VS C va l ve s a n d s wi tc h g e a r fo r wh i c h s e p a ra te I E C s ta n d a rd s e x i s t.
2 N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s
T h e fo l l o wi n g d o c u m e n ts , i n wh o l e o r i n p a rt, a re n o rm a ti ve l y re fe re n ce d i n th i s d o c u m e n t a n d
a re i n d i s p e n s a b l e fo r i ts a p p l i ca ti o n . F o r d a te d re fe re n ce s , o n l y th e e d i ti o n c i te d a p p l i e s . F o r
u n d a te d re fe re n ce s , th e l a te s t e d i ti o n of th e re fe re n ce d d ocu m en t ( i n cl u d i n g an y
a m e n d m e n ts ) a p p l i e s .
I EC 60060-1 , High-voltage test techniques – Part 1 : General definitions and test requirements
I EC 60071 -1 , Insulation co-ordination – Part 1 : Definitions, principles and rules
I EC 60071 -2: 1 996, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: A pplication guide
Insulation co-ordination – Part 5: Procedures for high voltage direct current

I E C 600 71 -5,
(HVDC) converter stations
I EC 60079-1 0-1 , Explosive atmospheres – Part 1 0-1 : Classification of areas – Explosive gas
atmospheres

– 10 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
Explosive atmospheres
I EC 60079-1 0-2, − Part 1 0-2: Classification of areas − Combustible
dust atmospheres
I E C TS 604 79 -1 : 2 005, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 1 : General
aspects
I EC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
I EC TR 61 000-5-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation

guidelines – Section 2: Earthing and cabling
I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0, Power installations exceeding 1 kV a. c. – Part 1 : Common rules

I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4
I EC 62271 -1 : 2007, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1 : Common specifications

I E C 6 2 2 7 1 - 1 : 2 0 0 7 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 1
3 T e rm s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s
F o r th e p u rp o s e s o f th i s d o c u m e n t, th e te rm s a n d d e fi n i ti o n s g i ve n i n I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 a n d th e
fo l l o wi n g a p p l y.
3. 1
val ve
co m p l e te o p e ra ti ve c o n tro l l a b l e or n o n - c o n tro l l a b l e va l ve d e vi c e a s s e m b l y, n o rm a l l y
co n d u cti n g i n o n l y o n e d i re cti o n ( th e fo rwa rd d i re c ti o n ) , wh i ch ca n fu n c ti o n a s a c o n ve rte r a rm
i n a c o n ve rte r b ri d g e
N o te 1 to e n t ry: An e xa m p l e of a n o n - c o n tro l l a b l e va l ve d e vi c e assem bl y i s a s e m i con d u ctor d i o d e va l ve . An

e xa m p l e o f a c o n tro l l a b l e va l v e d e vi c e a s s e m b l y i s a th yri s t o r va l ve .
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 6 3 3 : 1 9 9 8 , 6 . 3 ]
3. 2
e l e c t ro n i c v a l v e d e v i c e
i n d i vi s i b l e e l e c tro n i c d e vi c e fo r e l e c tro n i c p o we r co n ve rs i o n o r e l e c tro n i c p o we r s wi tch i n g ,

co m p ri s i n g a s i n g l e n o n - co n tro l l a b l e o r b i s ta b l y c o n tro l l e d u n i d i re cti o n a l l y co n d u cti n g c u rre n t
p a th
N o te 1 t o e n t ry: T yp i c a l e l e c t ro n i c va l ve d e vi c e s a re th yri s t o rs , p o we r re c ti fi e r d i o d e s , p o we r s wi tc h i n g bi pol ar

a n d fi e l d e ffe c t t ra n s i s to rs a n d i n s u l a te d - g a t e b i p o l a r tra n s i s t o rs ( I G B T ) .
N o te 2 to e n try: T wo or m o re e l e c t ro n i c va l ve d e vi c e s m ay be i n te g ra t e d on a co m m o n s e m i con d u ctor ch i p

( e xa m p l e s : a th yri s t o r an d a re c ti fi e r diode in a re ve rs e con d u cti n g t h y ri s to r, a p o we r s wi tc h i n g fi e l d e ffe c t
tra n s i s to r wi th i ts i n ve rs e d i od e ) or p a c ka g e d in a co m m o n cas e (s em i co n d u ctor p o we r m od u l e). Th es e
c o m b i n a t i o n s a re t o b e c o n s i d e re d a s s e p a ra te e l e c tro n i c v a l v e d e vi c e s .
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 0 5 0 - 5 5 1 : 1 9 9 8 , 5 5 1 - 1 4 - 0 2 ]
3. 3
n om i n al vo l ta g e , <of a s ys te m >
s u i ta b l e a p p ro x i m a te va l u e o f vo l ta g e u s e d to d e s i g n a te o r i d e n ti fy a s ys te m
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 0 5 0 - 6 0 1 : 1 9 8 5 , 6 0 1 - 0 1 - 2 1 ]

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 11 –
3. 4
h i g h e s t vo l ta g e , <of a d . c. s ys te m >
U dm
h i g h e s t m e a n o r a ve ra g e p o l e d . c . vo l ta g e to e a rth , e xc l u d i n g h a rm o n i c s a n d co m m u ta ti o n
o ve rs h o o ts , fo r wh i ch th e i n s ta l l a ti o n i s d e s i g n e d i n re s p e c t o f i ts i n s u l a ti o n
3. 5
d . c. n e u t ra l poi n t
co m m o n poin t of two m on opol es fo rm i n g a bi pol e co n ve rte r or th e e a rth e d poi n t of a

m o n o p o l e co n ve rte r
3. 6
d . c. e l e c t ro d e l i n e
e l e c tri ca l co n n e c ti o n b e twe e n a d . c. e a rth e l e ctro d e a n d th e d . c. i n s ta l l a ti o n
3. 7
high vo l tag e
d . c . vo l ta g e e xce e d i n g 1 5 0 0 V d . c.
3. 8
l o w vo l tag e
d . c. vo l ta g e n o t e xce e d i n g 1 5 0 0 V d . c.
3. 9
c o n v e rt e r s t a t i o n
p a rt o f a p o we r s ys te m wh i ch i n te rco n n e cts an a . c. s ys te m to a d . c. s ys te m o r two d . c.

s ys te m s wi th d i ffe re n t vo l ta g e s e n a b l i n g p o we r tra n s fe r fro m o n e s ys te m to th e o th e r a n d /o r
vi c e ve rs a
3. 1 0
d . c. e a rt h e l e c t ro d e
d . c . g ro u n d e l e ctro d e
a rra y o f co n d u cti ve e l e m e n ts p l a ce d i n th e e a rth , o r th e s e a , wh i ch p ro vi d e s a l o w re s i s ta n ce
p a th b e twe e n a p o i n t i n th e d . c. ci rcu i t a n d th e e a rth a n d i s ca p a b l e o f c a rryi n g co n ti n u o u s
cu rre n t fo r s o m e e xte n d e d p e ri o d
N o te 1 t o e n t ry: An e a rth e l e ct ro d e m a y b e l o c a t e d a t a p o i n t s o m e d i s t a n ce fro m t h e H VD C s u b s ta ti o n .
N o te 2 t o e n t ry: W h e re th e e l e ct ro d e i s p l a ce d i n th e s e a i t m a y b e t e rm e d a s s e a e l e c tro d e .
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 6 3 3 : 1 9 9 8 , 8 . 1 4 , m o d i fi e d – T h e i n d i c a ti o n " d . c. " h a s b e e n a d d e d to th e te rm
a n d a s yn o n ym , d . c. g ro u n d e l e c tro d e , h a s b e e n a d d e d . ]
3. 1 1
pol e
p a rt of an H VD C s ys te m co n s i s ti n g of al l th e eq u i pm en t in th e H VD C s u b s ta ti o n s an d
i n te rco n n e cti n g tra n s m i s s i o n l i n e s , i f a n y, wh i c h d u ri n g n o rm a l o p e ra ti o n , e x h i b i t a co m m o n
d i re c t vo l ta g e p o l a ri t y wi th re s p e ct to e a rth .
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 6 3 3 : 1 9 9 8 , 8 . 5 ]
3. 1 2
l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e p ro t e c t i v e l e v e l , < o f a p ro te cti ve d e vi c e >

U pl
m a xi m u m p e rm i s s i b l e p e a k vo l ta g e va l u e , o n th e te rm i n a l s o f a p ro te cti ve d e vi ce s u b j e cte d to
l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e s u n d e r s p e c i fi c c o n d i ti o n s
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 0 5 0 - 6 0 4 : 1 9 8 7 , 6 0 4 - 0 3 - 5 6 ]

– 12 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
3. 1 3
s wi tch i n g i m p u l s e p ro t e ct i ve l e ve l , < o f a p ro te c ti ve d e vi ce >
U ps
m a xi m u m p e rm i s s i b l e p e a k vo l ta g e va l u e , o n th e te rm i n a l s o f a p ro te c ti ve d e vi c e s u b j e c te d to
s wi tc h i n g i m p u l s e s u n d e r s p e c i fi c co n d i ti o n s
[S O U RC E : I E C 6 0 0 5 0 - 6 0 4 : 1 9 8 7 , 6 0 4 - 0 3 - 5 7 ]
4 F u n d a m e n ta l re q u i re m e n ts
4. 1 G e n e ra l
4. 1 . 1 G e n e ra l re q u i re m e n t s
S ee 4 . 1 . 1 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
4. 1 . 2 Ag re e m e n t s b e twe e n s u p p l i e r ( m a n u fa ctu re r) a n d u s e r
S e e 4 . 1 . 2 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
4. 2 E l e ct ri ca l re q u i re m e n ts
4. 2 . 1 M e th o d s o f d . c. n e u t ra l p o i n t e a rth i n g
T h e m e th o d o f d . c . n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g o f a s ys te m i s i m p o rta n t wi th re g a rd to th e fo l l o wi n g :
– s e l e c ti o n o f i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l ;
– ch a ra c te ri s ti cs o f o ve rvo l ta g e - l i m i ti n g d e vi c e s s u c h a s s p a rk g a p s o r s u rg e a rre s te rs ;
– s e l e c ti o n o f p ro te cti ve re l a ys .
T h e fo l l o wi n g a re e x a m p l e s o f d . c. n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g m e th o d s :
– i s o l a te d n e u tra l ;
– h i g h i m p e d a n c e e a rth i n g ;
– h i g h re s i s ti ve e a rth i n g ;
– s o l i d ( l o w i m p e d a n c e ) e a rth i n g .
T h e c h o i c e o f th e t yp e o f d . c . n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g i s n o rm a l l y b a s e d o n th e fo l l o wi n g cri te ri a :
– l o ca l re g u l a ti o n s ( i f a n y) ;
– co n ti n u i t y o f s e rvi c e re q u i re d fo r th e n e two rk;
– l i m i ta ti o n o f d a m a g e to e q u i p m e n t c a u s e d b y e a rth fa u l ts ;
– s e l e c ti ve e l i m i n a ti o n o f fa u l t y s e c ti o n s o f th e n e two rk;
– d e te cti o n o f fa u l t l o ca ti o n ;
– to u c h a n d s te p vo l ta g e s ;
– i n d u cti ve i n te rfe re n ce ;
– o p e ra ti o n a n d m a i n te n a n ce a s p e c ts .
O n e g a l va n i c a l l y c o n n e c te d d . c . s ys te m h a s o n l y o n e m e th o d o f d . c . n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g .
D i ffe re n t g a l va n i ca l l y i n d e p e n d e n t d . c. s ys te m s m a y h a ve d i ffe re n t m e th o d s o f d . c . n e u tra l
p o i n t e a rth i n g , s o th e e a rth i n g p o i n t co u l d b e l o ca te d i n o n e o r b o th co n ve rte r s ta ti o n s .
T h e a . c. a n d d . c. s ys te m s m a y b e e i th e r g a l va n i c a l l y s e p a ra te d o r n o t. T h e d . c. n e u tra l p o i n t
e a rth i n g m e th o d o f a n a . c. s ys te m n o t g a l va n i ca l l y s e p a ra te d fro m th e d . c . o n e h a s a n e ffe ct

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 13 –
o n th e d . c. n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g a n d vi c e ve rs a . D e s i g n o f e q u i p m e n t a n d p ro te c ti ve s ys te m
s h a l l ta ke i n to a cco u n t th i s fe a tu re .
I f d i ffe re n t d . c . n e u tra l poi n t e a rth i n g c o n fi g u ra ti o n s ca n o cc u r d u ri n g n o rm a l o r a b n o rm a l

o p e ra ti n g c o n d i ti o n s , eq u i pm en t an d p ro te c ti ve s ys te m sh al l be d esi g n ed to o p e ra te u n d e r
th e s e c o n d i ti o n s .
4. 2 . 2 Vo l ta g e cl a s s i fi ca ti o n
Th e n om i n al vo l ta g e an d th e m a xi m u m o p e ra ti n g vo l ta g e of th e s ys te m sh al l be a g re e d
b e twe e n u s e r a n d m a n u fa ctu re r.
B a s e d o n th e m a xi m u m o p e ra ti n g vo l ta g e th e h i g h e s t vo l ta g e o f a d . c. s ys te m ( U dm
) sh al l be
s e l e c te d .
4. 2 . 3 C u rre n t i n n o rm a l o p e ra ti o n
E ve ry p a rt o f a n i n s ta l l a ti o n s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d co n s tru c te d to wi th s ta n d c u rre n ts u n d e r
d e fi n e d o p e ra ti n g c o n d i ti o n s .
4. 2 . 4 S h o rt-c i rcu i t cu rre n t
I n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d , co n s tru c te d a n d e re cte d to s a fe l y wi th s ta n d th e m e ch a n i c a l
a n d th e rm a l e ffe cts re s u l ti n g fro m s h o rt- c i rc u i t cu rre n ts .
F o r th e p u rp o s e s o f th i s s ta n d a rd , a l l a p p l i c a b l e t yp e s o f s h o rt- ci rcu i ts , wh i c h m a y h a p p e n ,
s h a l l b e c o n s i d e re d , e . g . :
– p o l e - to - e a rth ;
– p o l e - to - p o l e ;
– d o u b l e p o l e - to - e a rth ;
– co n ve rte r a rm .
I n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l b e p ro te cte d wi th a u to m a ti c d e vi c e s o r fu n cti o n s to d i s c o n n e c t o r s wi tch o ff

th e d . c. s ys te m i n c a s e o f p o l e - p o l e o r p o l e - p o l e - e a rth s h o rt c i rcu i t.
I n c a s e o f p o l e - e a rth o r m e ta l l i c re tu rn o r d . c . e l e ctro d e l i n e to e a rth , i n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l b e

p ro te cte d wi th a u to m a ti c d e vi c e s o r fu n cti o n s to d i s co n n e c t o r s wi tc h o ff th e d . c . s ys te m o r
wi th a d e vi c e to i n d i c a te th e e a rth fa u l t co n d i ti o n .
T h e s e l e c ti o n o f th e d e vi c e o r fu n c ti o n i s d e p e n d e n t u p o n th e m e th o d o f d . c . n e u tra l poi n t
e a rth i n g .
S e l e c ti o n of m a g n i tu d e and d u ra ti o n of s h o rt c i rcu i t c u rre n t sh al l be a g re e d b e twe e n

m a n u fa ctu re r a n d u s e r.
M e th o d s fo r th e c a l c u l a ti o n o f th e e ffe c ts o f s h o rt - ci rc u i t c u rre n t a re g i ve n , fo r p o we r ca b l e s ,
i n I EC 60949.
4. 2 . 5 Ra te d fre q u e n c y
T h e p ro vi s i o n o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 , 4 . 2 . 5 i s n o t a p p l i c a b l e .
4. 2 . 6 C o ro n a
T h e d e s i g n o f i n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l b e s u c h th a t ra d i o i n te rfe re n c e d u e to e l e ctro m a g n e ti c fi e l d s ,
e . g . c a u s e d b y c o ro n a e ffe cts , wi l l n o t e xce e d a s p e c i fi e d l e ve l .

– 14 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
W h e n th e a cc e p ta b l e va l u e i s e xce e d e d , th e c o ro n a l e ve l m a y b e co n tro l l e d , fo r e xa m p l e , b y
th e i n s ta l l a ti o n o f co ro n a ri n g s o r th e re ce s s i n g o f fa s te n e rs o n b u s fi tti n g s fo r h i g h - vo l ta g e
su spen si on i n s u l a to r a s s e m b l i e s , bu s s u p p o rt a s s e m b l i e s , b u s c o n n e c ti o n s and eq u i pm en t
te rm i n a l s .
M a x i m u m p e rm i s s i b l e l e ve l s o f ra d i o i n te rfe re n c e a re g i ve n b y n a ti o n a l o r l o c a l a u th o ri ti e s i n
s o m e co u n tri e s .
G u i d a n ce on a cc e p ta b l e l e ve l s of ra d i o i n te rfe re n ce vo l ta g e fo r a . c. s wi tch g e a r an d
co n tro l g e a r c a n b e fo u n d i n I E C 6 2 2 7 1 - 1 i n wh i c h th e e m i s s i o n te s ts a re re co m m e n d e d fro m
a . c . vo l ta g e s o f 1 2 3 kV a n d a b o ve . I n a b s e n c e o f o th e r cri te ri a , i t i s p ro p o s e d th a t e m i s s i o n
te s ts a s p e r I E C 6 2 2 7 1 - 1 : 2 0 0 7 , 6 . 9 . 1 i s p e rfo rm e d o n e q u i p m e n t s u b j e c te d to a d i re ct vo l ta g e
( to e a rth ) U of 1 23 × √2 /√3 = 1 00 kV o r h i g h e r. Th e te s t vo l ta g e s h a l l be c o rre cte d to
U
dm
1 , 1 /√2 × .
dm
N O TE Re c o m m e n d a ti o n s fo r m i n i m i zi n g th e ra d i o i n t e rfe re n c e of h i g h - v o l ta g e i n s ta l l a ti o n s a re re p o rt e d in
CI S P R 1 8 -1 , CI S P R 1 8-2 an d CI S P R 1 8 -3 [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] 1 .
4. 2 . 7 E l e c t ri c a n d m a g n e t i c fi e l d s
Th e d esig n of an i n s ta l l a ti o n sh al l be su ch as to limit th e e l e ctri c and m a g n e ti c fi e l d s

g e n e ra te d b y e n e rg i ze d e q u i p m e n t to a n a cc e p ta b l e l e ve l fo r e xp o s e d p e o p l e .
N a ti o n a l a n d /o r i n te rn a ti o n a l re g u l a ti o n s m a y s p e c i fy a cce p ta b l e l e ve l s .
4. 2 . 8 O v e rv o l t a g e s
S ee 4 . 2 . 8 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
4. 2 . 9 H a rm o n i c s
S ee 4 . 2. 9 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
4. 2 . 1 0 G a l v a n i c s e p a ra t i o n b e twe e n a. c. an d d . c. s ys t e m s
T h e a . c. a n d d . c . s ys te m s m a y b e e i th e r g a l va n i ca l l y s e p a ra te d o r n o t. G a l va n i c s e p a ra ti o n
b e twe e n a . c . a n d d . c. s ys te m s i s g e n e ra l l y o b ta i n e d b y m e a n s o f c o n ve rte r tra n s fo rm e rs .
N O TE Re g a rd l e s s o f g a l va n i c s e p a ra t i o n b e t we e n a . c . a n d d . c . s ys t e m s th e re i s a l wa ys a p o rti o n o f a . c . s ys t e m
c o m p ri s e d wi t h i n t h e c o n v e rt e r tra n s fo rm e r a n d th e e l e c t ro n i c va l ve d e vi c e s wh i c h is n o t g a l va n i ca l l y i n s u l a te d
fro m th e d . c . s ys t e m .
4. 3 M ech an i ca l re q u i re m e n t s
S e e 4 . 3 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
4. 4 C l i m a ti c a n d e n v i ro n m e n t a l co n d i ti o n s
4. 4. 1 G e n e ra l
I n s ta l l a ti o n s , i n c l u d i n g a l l d e vi c e s a n d a u x i l i a ry e q u i p m e n t wh i c h fo rm a n i n te g ra l p a rt o f th e m ,
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r o p e ra ti o n u n d e r th e cl i m a ti c a n d e n vi ro n m e n ta l c o n d i ti o n s l i s te d b e l o w.
Th e p re s e n c e of c o n d e n s a ti o n , p re c i p i ta ti o n , p a rti c l e s , d u s t, c o rro s i ve e l e m e n ts an d
h a za rd o u s a tm o s p h e re s sh al l be s p e c i fi e d in s u ch a m an n er th a t a p p ro p ri a te e l e ctri c a l
e q u i p m e n t ca n b e s e l e c te d . Zon e c l a s s i fi ca ti o n fo r h a za rd o u s a re a s s h a l l be p e rfo rm e d in
a cco rd a n ce wi th I E C 6 0 0 7 9 - 1 0 - 1 a n d I E C 6 0 0 7 9 - 1 0 - 2 .
______________
1 F i g u re s i n s q u a re b ra c ke ts re fe r to t h e b i b l i o g ra p h y.

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 15 –
D u s t a cc u m u l a te s c o n s ta n tl y o n i n s u l a to rs a n d co n d u c ti ve s u rfa ce s i m m e rs e d i n a d . c . e l e ctri c
fi e l d . I n i n s ta l l a ti o n s wi th h i g h l e ve l s o f d . c. e l e ctri c fi e l d s s p e c i a l c a re s h a l l b e p a i d e i th e r to
cre a p a g e l e n g th s o r a i r tre a tm e n t ( i n d o o r i n s ta l l a ti o n s ) .
I n ca s e s wi th h e a v y p o l l u ti o n l e ve l s , th e i n d o o r a i r co u l d b e tre a te d a n d o ve rp re s s u ri ze d .
4. 4. 2 N o rm a l c o n d i ti o n s
See 4 . 4. 2 of I E C 61 936-1 : 201 0.
4. 4. 3 S p e ci al c o n d i ti o n s
4. 5 S p e ci al re q u i re m e n t s
S ee 4 . 5 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 01 0 .
5 I n s u l ati o n
5. 1 G e n e ra l
As c o n ve n ti o n a l ( a i r i n s u l a te d ) d . c. i n s ta l l a ti o n s a re n o rm a l l y n ot im pu l se te s te d , th e d . c.
i n s ta l l a ti o n re q u i re s m i n i m u m cl e a ra n ce s b e twe e n l i ve p a rts a n d e a rth a n d b e twe e n l i ve p a rts
of pol es in o rd e r to a vo i d fl a s h o ve r bel ow th e im pu l se wi th s ta n d l e ve l s e l e cte d fo r th e
i n s ta l l a ti o n .
I n s u l a ti o n c o o rd i n a ti o n s h a l l b e i n a cco rd a n ce wi th I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 5 a n d I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 1 a s fa r a s
p ri n c i p a l d e fi n i ti o n s a n d ru l e s a re co n c e rn e d .
5. 2 S e l e c ti o n o f i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l
Th e i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l sh al l be ch ose n a cco rd i n g to th e e s ta b l i s h e d h ig hest d . c. vo l ta g e fo r

eq u i pm en t U dm
a n d /o r i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e .
5. 2 . 1 C o n s i d e ra t i o n o f m e t h o d s o f n e u t ra l e a rt h i n g
T h e ch o i c e s h o u l d b e m a d e p ri m a ri l y to e n s u re re l i a b i l i t y i n s e rvi c e , ta ki n g i n to a cc o u n t th e
m e th o d o f d . c . n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g i n th e s ys te m a n d th e c h a ra c te ri s ti cs a n d th e l o c a ti o n s o f
o ve rvo l ta g e l i m i ti n g d e vi c e s to b e i n s ta l l e d .
I n i n s ta l l a ti o n s i n wh i c h a h i g h l e ve l o f s a fe t y i s re q u i re d , o r i n wh i ch th e co n fi g u ra ti o n o f th e
s ys te m , th e a d o p te d m e th o d o f d . c. n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g o r th e p ro te cti o n b y s u rg e a rre s te rs
m a ke i t i n a p p ro p ri a te to l o we r th e l e ve l o f i n s u l a ti o n , o n e o f th e h i g h e r a l te rn a ti ve va l u e s o f
An n e x A m a y b e ch o s e n .
I n i n s ta l l a ti o n s i n wh i c h th e co n fi g u ra ti o n o f th e s ys te m , th e a d o p te d m e th o d o f d . c. n e u tra l
p o i n t e a rth i n g o r th e p ro te c ti o n b y s u rg e a rre s te rs m a ke i t a p p ro p ri a te to l o we r th e l e ve l o f
i n s u l a ti o n , th e l o we r a l te rn a ti ve va l u e s o f An n e x A m a y b e s u ffi c i e n t.
5. 2 . 2 C o n s i d e ra t i o n o f ra t e d wi th s ta n d vo l tag e s
I n th e vo l ta g e ra n g e I ( 1 , 5 kV d . c. < U < 5 0 0 kV d . c. ) , th e ch o i c e i s g e n e ra l l y b a s e d o n th e
U
dm
ra te d l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e s g i ve n i n An n e x A; i n th e vo l ta g e ra n g e I I (
dm
>
5 0 0 kV d . c . ) , th e ch o i c e i s g e n e ra l l y b a s e d o n th e ra te d s wi tch i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e s
a n d th e ra te d l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e s g i ve n i n An n e x A.

– 16 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
5. 3 V e ri fi c a t i o n o f wi th s ta n d va l u e s
5. 3 . 1 If th e minimum cl e a ra n ce s c a l c u l a te d a cc o rd i n g to 5. 4 a re m a i n ta i n e d , it is n ot
n e c e s s a ry to a p p l y d i e l e c tri c te s ts .
5. 3 . 2 If th e minimum cl e a ra n ce s re fe rre d to in 5. 4 a re not m a i n ta i n e d , th e a b i l i ty to

wi th s ta n d th e te s t vo l ta g e s o f th e ch o s e n i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l s h a l l b e e s ta b l i s h e d b y a p p l yi n g th e
a p p ro p ri a te d i e l e c tri c te s ts i n a cco rd a n c e wi th I E C 6 0 0 6 0 - 1 fo r th e s p e c i fi e d wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e
va l u e s o r b y e x a c t c a l c u l a ti o n of poss i bl e o ve rvo l ta g e s in th e H VD C s ys te m and d e ri vi n g
cl e a ra n ce s b a s e d o n I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 1 a n d 6 0 0 7 1 - 2 .
5. 3 . 3 I f th e m i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s re fe re n c e d to i n 5 . 4 a re n o t m a i n ta i n e d i n p a rts o r a re a s
o f a n i n s ta l l a ti o n , d i e l e ctri c te s ts re s tri cte d to th e s e p a rts o r a re a s wi l l b e s u ffi ci e n t.
I n a cc o rd a n c e wi th I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 2 : 1 9 9 6 , An n e x B , m i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s m a y b e l o we r i f th i s h a s
b e e n p ro ve n b y te s ts o r b y o p e ra ti n g e xp e ri e n ce o f l o we r o ve rvo l ta g e s .
5. 4 M inimum c l e a ra n c e s o f l i v e p a rt s
5. 4. 1 Th e minimum cl e a ra n c e N sh al l be ch os e n as th e m a xi m u m o f th e two fo l l o wi n g
cl e a ra n ce s :
– S wi tch i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d cl e a ra n c e d sw
– L i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d c l e a ra n ce d
lw
S wi tch i n g i m pu l se p o l e - to - e a rth wi th s ta n d cl e a ra n c e s in a i r, in m e te rs , a re g i ve n by th e
fo l l o wi n g F o rm u l a ( 1 ) , based on n e g a ti ve s wi tc h i n g im pulse wi th s ta n d , wh i ch re s u l ts fro m
F o rm u l a G . 3 o f I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 2 : 1 9 9 6 a n d a p p l i e s fo r a l ti tu d e s u p to 1 0 0 0 m a b o ve s e a l e ve l . F o r
h i g h e r a l ti tu d e s , s e e 4 . 4 . 3 . 2 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 .


Ud m K [u a
]
S p, u . 

k ⋅ (1 − 2s S )
K −1 + e
 1 080 
 
d sw
= (1 )
0, 46
T h e m i n i m u m p o l e - to - p o l e c l e a ra n ce i n m e te rs i s g i ve n b y th e fo l l o wi n g F o rm u l a ( 2 ) , b a s e d o n
n e g a ti ve s wi tc h i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d , wh i c h re s u l ts fro m F o rm u l a G . 3 o f I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 2 : 1 9 9 6
a n d a p p l i e s fo r a l ti tu d e s u p to 1 0 0 0 m a b o ve s e a l e ve l . F o r h i g h e r a l ti tu d e s , s e e 4 . 4 . 3 . 2 o f
I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0.

U K u
 2 dm a [ S ]
p, u .


k
1 080 ⋅ (1 − 2s S )
K −1 + e
 
 
dsw
= (2)
0, 46
W h e re
U dm
i s th e e s ta b l i s h e d h i g h e s t d . c. vo l ta g e fo r e q u i p m e n t ( p o l e to e a rth ) i n kV;
K i s a fa cto r b a s e d o n I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 2 ;
K a
i s a n a tm o s p h e ri c c o rre cti o n fa cto r a cc o rd i n g to I E C 6 0 0 7 1 - 2 , a n d
[ u ]
S p. u .
i s th e re q u i re d p e r u n i t s wi tc h i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e a n d σS i s a s s u m e d to b e
0, 06.

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 17 –
N o rm a l l y, fo r d . c. s ys te m s wi th s o l i d e a rth re fe re n c e , [ u ]
S p. u .
= 2 p . u . c a n b e c o n s e rva ti ve l y
a s s u m e d fo r s wi tch i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e . I n c a s e o f p ro te cti o n wi th s u rg e a rre s te rs ,
th e [ u ]
S p. u
va l u e c a n b e re d u c e d a cc o rd i n g to th e s wi tc h i n g i m p u l s e p ro te cti ve l e ve l U ps o f th e
s u rg e a rre s te rs wi th a p ro p e r s a fe t y m a rg i n a s s h o wn i n F o rm u l a ( 3 ) b e l o w:
U
[u ] = 1,1 5 ps
U
S p, u .
(3)
dm
T h e l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d ( b o th th e p o l e - to - g ro u n d a n d th e p o l e - to - p o l e ) c l e a ra n c e i n
m e te rs c a n b e c a l c u l a te d wi th th e fo l l o wi n g F o rm u l a ( 4 ) :
d =σ+
U L
⋅
1
⋅
1
K
(4)
− 2s L
lw
t
1 530
W h e re
U L
i s th e re q u i re d l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e i n kV;
K t
i s a n a tm o s p h e ri c c o rre cti o n fa cto r a cc o rd i n g to I E C 6 0 0 6 0 - 1 ;
σ is a s a fe t y m a rg i n fo r ta k i n g i n to a cc o u n t d ust d epos i t and h u m i d i ty th a t ca n be

a s s u m e d to b e 0 , 0 1 5 m a n d σL i s a s s u m e d to b e 0 , 0 3 .
I n c a s e o f p ro te cti o n wi th s u rg e a rre s te rs , th e [ u ] va l u e c a n b e re d u c e d a cc o rd i n g to th e
U
L p. u
l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e p ro te c ti ve l e ve l pl o f th e s u rg e a rre s te rs wi th a p ro p e r s a fe t y m a rg i n as
s h o wn i n th e fo l l o wi n g F o rm u l a ( 5 ) :
U L
= 1, 25 ⋅ Upl (5)
T h e s a fe t y m a rg i n cou l d b e fu rth e r re d u c e d fo r s p e c i a l i n s ta l l a ti o n s wi th c o n tro l l e d e l e ctri c

fi e l d c o n fi g u ra ti o n a n d a tm o s p h e re a s i n c o n ve rte r va l ve h a l l .
I n i n s ta l l a ti o n s i n wh i c h a h i g h l e ve l o f s a fe t y i s re q u i re d , o r i n wh i ch th e co n fi g u ra ti o n o f th e
s ys te m , th e a d o p te d m e th o d o f d . c. n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g o r th e p ro te cti o n b y s u rg e a rre s te rs
m a ke i t i n a p p ro p ri a te to l o we r th e l e ve l o f i n s u l a ti o n , th e s a fe t y m a rg i n ca n b e i n cre a s e d .
I n i n s ta l l a ti o n s i n wh i c h th e co n fi g u ra ti o n o f th e s ys te m , th e a d o p te d m e th o d o f d . c. n e u tra l
p o i n t e a rth i n g o r th e p ro te c ti o n b y s u rg e a rre s te rs m a ke i t a p p ro p ri a te to l o we r th e l e ve l o f
i n s u l a ti o n , th e s a fe t y m a rg i n ca n b e d e cre a s e d .
I n vo l ta g e ra n g e ( U dm
> 4 5 0 kV d . c. ) , th e p o l e - to - e a rth c l e a ra n c e s i n a i r a re d e te rm i n e d b y th e
ra te d s wi tc h i n g i m p u l s e wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e ( S I W V) . T h e y s u b s ta n ti a l l y d e p e n d o n th e e l e ctro d e
co n fi g u ra ti o n s . In cas e s of d i ffi cu l t y in c l a s s i fyi n g th e e l e ctro d e co n fi g u ra ti o n , it is
re co m m e n d e d to m a ke a ch oi ce based on th e p h a s e - to - e a rth cl e a ra n c e s of th e m ost
u n fa vo u ra b l e c o n fi g u ra ti o n s u ch as, fo r e xa m p l e , th e a rm of an i s o l a to r a g a i n s t th e to we r
co n s tru cti o n ( ro d - s tru ctu re ) .

– 18 – IEC TS 61 936-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5
If parts of an installation can be separated from each other by a disconnector, they
shall be tested at the rated impulse withstand voltage for the isolating distance. If between
5. 4. 2
such parts of an installation the minimum clearances calculated with the formulae of 5.4 are
increased by 25 % or more, it is not necessary to apply dielectric tests.
5. 5 Minimum c l e a ra n c e s b e t w e e n p a rt s u n d e r s p e c i a l con d i ti on s
Minimum clearances between parts of an installation, which are assigned to different

insulation levels, shall be at least 1 25 % of the clearances of the higher insulation level.
5. 5. 1
If conductors swing under the influence of short-circuit forces, 50 % of the minimum

clearances calculated with the formulae of 5.4 shall be maintained as a minimum.
5. 5. 2
If conductors swing under the influence of wind, 75 % of the minimum clearances

calculated with the formulae of 5.4 shall be maintained as a minimum.
5. 5. 3
In case of rupture of one sub-chain in a multiple insulator chain, 75 % of the

minimum clearances calculated with the formulae of 5.4 shall be maintained as a minimum.
5. 5. 4
5. 6 T e s te d co n n e cti o n zon es
Information on mounting and service conditions of type tested equipment supplied by the
manufacturer shall be observed on site.
NOTE In tested connection zones, the minimum clearances according to 5.4 and Annex A need not to be
maintained because the ability to withstand the test voltage is established by a dielectric type test.
6 Eq u i pm en t
6. 1 G e n e ra l re q u i re m e n t s
See 6.1 of IEC 61 936-1 :201 0.

6. 2 S p e c i fi c re q u i re m e n t s
6. 2 . 1 S wi tch i n g d e vi ce s
See 6.2.1 of IEC 61 936-1 :201 0 and IEC 61 936-1 :201 0/AMD1 :201 4.
6. 2 . 2 R e a c t o rs
The reactors are classified taking into account the dielectric in contact with the winding and
the type of internal or external cooling medium, as described in Clause 3 of IEC 60076-2:201 1 .
When designing the reactor installation, the possibility of fire propagation (see 8.7) shall be
considered. Similarly, means shall be implemented to limit, if necessary, the acoustic noise
level (see 4.5.2 of IEC 61 936-1 :201 0).
For reactors installed indoors, suitable ventilation shall be provided (see 7.5.7).
Water (ground water, surface water and waste water) shall not be polluted by reactors
installations. This shall be achieved by the choice of the design of reactors type and/or site
provisions. For measures, see 8.8.
If it is necessary to take samples (oil sampling) or to read monitoring devices (such as fluid
level, temperature, or pressure), which are important for the operation of the reactor whilst the
reactor is energized, it shall be possible to perform this safely and without damage to the
equipment.
I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 19 –
Ai r- c o re re a cto rs s h a l l b e i n s ta l l e d i n s u ch a wa y th a t th e m i n i m u m d e s i g n m a g n e ti c c l e a ra n ce
to o th e r re a cto rs a n d m e ta l l i c p a rts i s fu l fi l l e d to m i n i m i ze i n d u ce d l o s s e s .
I n g e n e ra l m e ta l l i c p a rts s h o u l d b e l o ca te d wh e re th e e ffe ct o f th e m a g n e ti c fi e l d d o e s n o t
ca u s e h a rm fu l e ffe cts .
Ai r- c o re re a cto rs s h a l l b e i n s ta l l e d i n s u c h a wa y th a t th e m a g n e ti c fi e l d o f th e s h o rt- c i rcu i t

cu rre n t wi l l not be ca p a b l e o f d ra wi n g o b j e cts i n to th e coi l . Ad j a ce n t eq u i pm en t sh al l be
d e s i g n e d to wi th s ta n d th e re s u l ti n g e l e ctro m a g n e ti c fo rce s .
Ai r co re re a cto rs s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d to p re ve n t h a z a rd o u s fe rro m a g n e ti c o b j e cts a t tra cti o n d u e

to th e i r m a g n e ti c fl u x d e n s i t y. R o ta ti o n a l fo rc e s m a y b e n o ti c e a b l e a b o ve 6 m T a n d c a u s e
d i ffi cu l t y a ro u n d 6 0 m T . T ra n s l a ti o n a l fo rce s m a y b e n o ti ce a b l e a b o ve 1 0 - 4 T 2 /m a n d e q u a l to
g ra vi t y a b o ve 1 0 - 3 T 2 /m .
6. 2. 3 P re fa b ri c a t e d typ e -te s te d s wi t ch g e a r
S ee 6 . 2. 3 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
6. 2. 4 S u rg e a rre s te rs
S ee 6. 2. 5 of I E C 61 936-1 : 201 0.
6. 2. 5 C a p a ci to rs
S ee 6. 2. 6 of I E C 6 1 936-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
6. 2. 6 L i n e t ra p s
S ee 6. 2. 7 of I E C 6 1 936-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
6. 2. 7 I n s u l a to rs
T h e m i n i m u m s p e c i fi c cre e p a g e d i s ta n ce o f i n s u l a to rs s h a l l co m p l y wi th th e l e ve l o f p o l l u ti o n
s p e ci fi e d b y th e u s e r.
Th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e we t te s t p ro ce d u re of I EC 62271 -1 shall appl y fo r all e xte rn a l

i n s u l a ti o n .
I n s u l a to r p ro fi l e s a n d /o r re q u i re m e n ts fo r p e rfo rm a n ce o f o u td o o r i n s u l a to rs in p o l l u te d or
h e a v y we tti n g c o n d i ti o n s m a y b e s p e ci fi e d b y th e u s e r.
6. 2. 8 I n s u l a t e d c ab l e s
6. 2. 8. 1 T e m p e ra tu re
See 6. 2. 9. 1 of I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0.
6. 2. 8. 2 S tre s s d u e to t e m p e ra tu re ch a n g e s
S ee 6. 2. 9. 2 of I EC 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.
6. 2. 8 . 3 F l e xi b l e re e l i n g a n d tra i l i n g ca b l e s
S ee 6. 2. 9. 3 of I EC 61 936 -1 : 2 01 0.
6. 2. 8. 4 C ro s s i n g s a n d p ro xi m i ti e s
See 6. 2. 9. 4 of I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0.

– 20 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
6. 2 . 8 . 5 I n s ta l l ati o n of cabl es
S e e 6 . 2 . 9 . 5 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
6. 2 . 8 . 6 Ben d i n g ra d i u s
S ee 6. 2. 9. 6 of I EC 61 936 -1 : 2 01 0.
6. 2. 8. 7 T e n s i l e s t re s s
S ee 6 . 2. 9. 7 of I EC 61 936-1 : 2 01 0.
6. 2 . 9 C o n d u c t o rs a n d a c c e s s o ri e s
S e e 6 . 2 . 1 0 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
6. 2 . 1 0 Ro t a ti n g e l e c t ri c a l m ach i n es
S e e 6 . 2 . 1 1 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
6. 2 . 1 1 S t a t i c c o n v e rt e rs
S ee 6. 2. 1 4 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 01 0.
6. 2 . 1 2 Fuses
6. 2. 1 2. 1 C l e a ra n c e s
S ee 6. 2 . 1 5. 1 of I E C 6 1 936-1 : 20 1 0.
6. 2 . 1 2 . 2 F u s e re p l a c e m e n t
S ee 6 . 2. 1 5. 2 of I E C 61 936-1 : 20 1 0.
6. 2 . 1 3 E l e c t ri c a l an d m e ch an i ca l I n t e rl o c k i n g
S ee 6 . 2. 1 6 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 01 0.
6. 2 . 1 4 E l e c t ro n i c v a l v e d e v i c e s
I n ca s e s wh e re u s e o f p a ra l l e l e l e c tro n i c va l ve d e vi ce s i s n e c e s s a ry, co n s i d e ra ti o n s h a l l b e
g i ve n to p o te n ti a l u n e ve n cu rre n t d i s tri b u ti o n i n p a ra l l e l c u rre n ts .
In case o f s e ri e s c o n n e cti o n o f e l e ctro n i c va l ve d e vi c e s , c o n s i d e ra ti o n to u n e ve n vo l ta g e

d i s tri b u ti o n s h a l l b e g i ve n .
T h e n e e d e d re d u n d a n c y i n va l ve s s h a l l b e a g re e d b e twe e n s u p p l i e r ( m a n u fa ctu re r) a n d u s e r.
6. 2. 1 5 Va l ve c o o l i n g s ys t e m
I f i t i s n e c e s s a ry to ta ke s a m p l e s ( wa te r s a m p l i n g , ) o r to re a d m o n i to ri n g d e vi c e s ( s u c h a s
fl u i d l e ve l , te m p e ra tu re , co n d u cti vi t y o r p re s s u re ) , wh i c h a re i m p o rta n t fo r th e o p e ra ti o n o f th e
va l ve wh i l s t th e co n ve rte r i s e n e rg i ze d , i t s h a l l b e p o s s i b l e to p e rfo rm th i s s a fe l y a n d wi th o u t
d a m a g e to th e e q u i p m e n t.
When d esi g n in g th e co ol i n g s ys te m , th e p oss i b i l i ty o f fi re p ro p a g a ti o n (see 8. 7) shall be

co n s i d e re d . S i m i l a rl y, m e a n s s h a l l b e i m p l e m e n te d to l i m i t, i f n e ce s s a ry, th e a c o u s ti c n o i s e
l e ve l ( s e e 4 . 5 . 2 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 ) .

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 21 –
F o r ro o m o f co o l i n g e q u i p m e n t i n s ta l l e d i n d o o rs , s u i ta b l e ve n ti l a ti o n s h a l l b e p ro vi d e d ( s e e
7. 5. 7).
7 I n s ta l l a ti o n s
7. 1 G e n e ra l re q u i re m e n t s
T h i s C l a u s e 7 s p e c i fi e s o n l y g e n e ra l re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e i n s ta l l a ti o n s re g a rd i n g ch oi ce of
ci rc u i t a rra n g e m e n t, c i rc u i t d o c u m e n ta ti o n , tra n s p o rt ro u te s , l i g h ti n g , o p e ra ti o n a l s a fe t y a n d
l abel li n g .
D i s ta n c e s , c l e a ra n ce s a n d d i m e n s i o n s s p e c i fi e d a re th e m i n i m u m va l u e s p e rm i tte d fo r s a fe
o p e ra ti o n . T h e y a re g e n e ra l l y b a s e d on th e minimum va l u e s g i ve n in th e fo rm e r n a ti o n a l
s ta n d a rd s o f th e I E C m e m b e rs . A u s e r m a y s p e c i fy h i g h e r va l u e s i f n e c e s s a ry.
F o r m i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s ( N ) o f l i ve p a rts , re fe r to 5 . 4 .
N a ti o n a l s ta n d a rd s a n d re g u l a ti o n s m a y re q u i re th e u s e o f h i g h e r c l e a ra n ce va l u e s .
W h e re a n e xi s ti n g i n s ta l l a ti o n i s to b e e xte n d e d , th e re q u i re m e n ts a p p l i c a b l e a t th e ti m e o f i ts
d e s i g n a n d e re c ti o n m a y b e s p e c i fi e d a s a n a l te rn a ti ve .
T h e re l e va n t s ta n d a rd s fo r o p e ra ti o n o f e l e ctri c a l ( p o we r) i n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l a d d i ti o n a l l y b e
ta ke n i n to a cc o u n t. O p e ra ti n g p ro c e d u re s s h a l l b e a g re e d u p o n b e twe e n m a n u fa ctu re r a n d
u ser (see 7. 1 . 2).
7. 1 . 1 C i rc u i t a rra n g e m e n t
S ee 7 . 1 . 1 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 1 . 2 D o cu m e n tati o n
See 7. 1 . 2 of I E C 61 936-1 : 20 1 0.
7. 1 . 3 T ra n s p o rt ro u t e s
S ee 7. 1 . 3 of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 1 . 4 Ai s l e s a n d a c c e s s a re a s
S ee 7. 1 . 4 of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 1 . 5 Li g h ti n g
S ee 7. 1 . 5 of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 1 . 6 O p e ra t i o n a l s a fe t y
S ee 7. 1 . 6 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 1 . 7 Label l i n g
S ee 7 . 1 . 7 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 2 O u td o o r i n s ta l l a t i o n s o f o p e n desi gn
T h e l a yo u t o f o p e n t yp e o u td o o r i n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l ta ke i n to a cc o u n t th e m i n i m u m p o l e - to - p o l e
a n d p o l e - to - e a rth c l e a ra n ce s g i ve n i n 5 . 4 .

– 22 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
T h e d e s i g n o f th e i n s ta l l a ti o n s h a l l b e s u c h a s to re s tri c t a cc e s s to d a n g e r zo n e s , ta ki n g i n to
a cco u n t th e n e e d fo r o p e ra ti o n a l a n d m a i n te n a n c e a cc e s s . E xte rn a l fe n c e s s h a l l th e re fo re b e
p ro vi d e d and , wh e re s a fe t y d i s ta n ce s c a n n o t b e m a i n ta i n e d , p e rm a n e n t p ro te cti ve fa c i l i ti e s
s h a l l b e i n s ta l l e d . F o r e l e ctri c a l i n s ta l l a ti o n s o n m a s t, p o l e a n d to we r e x te rn a l fe n c e s m a y n o t
b e re q u i re d , i f th e i n s ta l l a ti o n i s i n a cc e s s i b l e fro m g ro u n d l e ve l to th e g e n e ra l p u b l i c a n d m e e t
th e s a fe t y d i s ta n ce s g i ve n i n 7 . 7 .
A s e p a ra ti o n s h a l l b e p ro vi d e d b e twe e n b a ys o r s e c ti o n s b y a p p ro p ri a te d i s ta n c e s , p ro te c ti ve
b a rri e rs o r p ro te cti ve o b s ta c l e s .
7. 2. 1 P ro t e c t i v e b a rri e r c l e a ra n c e s
W i th i n an i n s ta l l a ti o n , th e fo l l o wi n g minimum p ro te cti ve c l e a ra n c e s shall be m a i n ta i n e d

b e twe e n l i ve p a rts a n d th e i n te rn a l s u rfa ce o f a n y p ro te cti ve b a rri e r ( N is d e fi n e d i n 5 . 4 ) :
– fo r sol i d wa l l s , wi th o u t open in g s, wi th a minimum hei gh t of 1 800 m m , th e minimum

p ro te cti ve b a rri e r c l e a ra n ce i s B1 = N;
– fo r e q u i p m e n t, wh e re Ud m i s g re a te r th a n 4 5 kV d . c . , a wi re m e s h , s cre e n o r s o l i d wa l l ,
wi th o p e n i n g s , wi th a m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f 1 8 0 0 m m a n d a d e g re e o f p ro te c ti o n o f I P 1 X B
(see I EC 60 52 9) shal l be used. Th e minimum p ro te cti ve b a rri e r c l e a ra n ce is B2 = N+

1 00 mm ;
– fo r e q u i p m e n t wh e re Ud m is up to 4 5 kV d . c. , a wi re m esh , s cre e n or sol i d wa l l , wi th

open i n g s, wi th a m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f 1 8 0 0 m m a n d a d e g re e o f p ro te cti o n o f I P 2 X ( s e e
I E C 6 0 5 2 9 ) , s h a l l b e u s e d . T h e m i n i m u m p ro te c ti ve b a rri e r c l e a ra n c e i s B3 = N+ 80 mm .
F o r n o n - ri g i d p ro te cti ve b a rri e rs a n d wi re m e s h e s , th e c l e a ra n ce va l u e s s h a l l b e i n cre a s e d to

ta ke i n to a cc o u n t a n y p o s s i b l e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f th e p ro te cti ve b a rri e r o r m e s h .
7. 2. 2 P ro t e c t i v e o b s t a c l e c l e a ra n c e s
W i th i n i n s ta l l a ti o n s , th e fo l l o wi n g m i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e s h a l l b e m a i n ta i n e d fro m l i ve p a rts to
th e i n te rn a l s u rfa c e of an y p ro te c ti ve o b s ta c l e (see F i g u re 1 of I EC 61 936-
1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 ) :
– fo r s o l i d wa l l s o r s cre e n s less th a n 1 800 m m high, and fo r ra i l s , ch a i n s o r ro p e s , th e
m i n i m u m p ro te c ti ve o b s ta c l e c l e a ra n c e i s O2 = N+ 3 0 0 m m (m i n i m u m 60 0 m m );
– fo r ch a i n s o r ro p e s , th e va l u e s s h a l l b e i n cre a s e d to ta ke i n to a cc o u n t th e s a g .
W h e re a p p ro p ri a te , p ro te cti ve o b s ta c l e s s h a l l b e fi tte d a t a m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f 1 2 0 0 m m a n d
a m a xi m u m h e i g h t o f 1 4 0 0 m m .
N O TE Ra i l s , c h a i n s a n d ro p e s a re n o t a c c e p t a b l e i n c e rt a i n c o u n tri e s .
7. 2. 3 B o u n d a ry c l e a ra n c e s
T h e e xte rn a l fe n c e o f o u td o o r i n s ta l l a ti o n s o f o p e n d e s i g n s h a l l h a ve th e fo l l o wi n g m i n i m u m
b o u n d a ry c l e a ra n c e s i n a cco rd a n c e wi th F i g u re 2 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 :
– s o l i d wa l l s ( h e i g h t s e e 7 . 2 . 6 ) C = N+ 1 000 mm ;
– wi re m e s h /s cre e n s ( h e i g h t s e e 7 . 2 . 6 ) E = N+ 1 500 m m .
T h e d e g re e o f p ro te c ti o n o f I P 1 X ( s e e I E C 6 0 5 2 9 ) s h a l l b e u s e d .
7. 2. 4 Minimum h e i g h t ove r a cce s s a re a
T h e m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f l i ve p a rts a b o ve s u rfa ce s o r p l a tfo rm s wh e re o n l y p e d e s tri a n a cc e s s i s

p e rm i tte d s h a l l b e a s fo l l o ws :

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 23 –
– fo r l i ve p a rts wi th o u t p ro te c ti ve fa c i l i ti e s , a m i n i m u m h e i g h t H = N+ 2 2 5 0 m m (m i n i m u m
2 5 0 0 m m ) s h a l l b e m a i n ta i n e d ( s e e F i g u re 3 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 ) . T h e h e i g h t H re fe rs to
th e m a x i m u m co n d u c to r s a g ( s e e C l a u s e 4 ) ;
– th e l o we s t p a rt o f a n y i n s u l a ti o n , fo r e xa m p l e th e u p p e r e d g e o f m e ta l l i c i n s u l a to r b a s e s ,
shal l be not l ess th a n 2 250 mm a b o ve a cc e s s i b l e s u rfa ce s u n less o th e r s u i ta b l e
m e a s u re s to p re ve n t a cc e s s a re p ro vi d e d .
W h e re th e re d u c ti o n o f s a fe t y d i s ta n c e s due to th e e ffe ct o f s n o w o n a cce s s i b l e s u rfa c e s

n e e d s to b e co n s i d e re d , th e va l u e s g i ve n a b o ve s h a l l b e i n cre a s e d .
7. 2. 5 C l e a ra n c e s t o b u i l d i n g s
W h e re b a re co n d u c to rs cro s s b u i l d i n g s wh i c h a re l o c a te d wi th i n c l o s e d e l e c tri ca l o p e ra ti n g
a re a s , th e fo l l o wi n g c l e a ra n c e s to th e ro o f s h a l l b e m a i n ta i n e d a t m a xi m u m s a g ( s e e F i g u re 1 ) :
– th e c l e a ra n c e s s p e ci fi e d i n 7 . 2 . 4 fo r l i ve p a rts a b o ve a cce s s i b l e s u rfa ce s , wh e re th e ro o f

i s a cc e s s i b l e wh e n th e c o n d u cto rs a re l i ve ;
– N + 500 m m wh e re th e ro o f ca n n o t b e a cc e s s e d wh e n th e c o n d u cto rs a re l i ve ;
– O 2 i n l a te ra l d i re c ti o n fro m th e e n d o f th e ro o f i f th e ro o f i s a cc e s s i b l e wh e n th e c o n d u c to rs
a re l i ve .
W h e re b a re c o n d u c to rs a p p ro a c h bui l d i ngs wh i ch a re l o c a te d wi th i n cl o s e d e l e c tri ca l

o p e ra ti n g a re a s , th e fo l l o wi n g c l e a ra n ce s shal l be m a i n ta i n e d , a l l o wi n g fo r th e m a xi m u m
s a g /s wi n g i n th e c a s e o f s tra n d e d c o n d u c to rs :
– o u te r wa l l wi th u n s cre e n e d wi n d o ws : m i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e g i ve n b y DV;
– o u te r wa l l wi th s cre e n e d wi n d o ws ( s cre e n e d i n a cco rd a n c e wi th 7 . 2 . 2 ) : p ro te cti ve b a rri e r
cl e a ra n ce s B2 i n a cc o rd a n ce wi th 7 . 2 . 2 ;
– o u te r wa l l wi th o u t wi n d o ws : N
.

– 24 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
D i m e n s i o n s i n m i l l i m e t re s
a
N + 500
b
H
D v
D v
N = M i n im um Cl earan ce
IEC
a
T h e ro o f c a n n o t b e a c c e s s e d wh e n t h e c o n d u c to rs a re l i v e Dv = N+ 1 0 0 0 fo r Un ≤ 1 1 0 kV
b
T h e ro o f c a n b e a c c e s s e d wh e n t h e c o n d u c t o rs a re l i v e Dv = N+ 2 000 fo r Un > 1 1 0 kV
a ) O u te r wa l l wi th u n s c re e n e d wi n d o ws
B 2
B 2
B2 ≥ N + 1 N= M i n i m u m C l e a ra n c e
IEC
b ) O u t e r wa l l wi th s c re e n e d wi n d o ws
N N c
O 2
N= M i n i m u m C l e a ra n c e
IEC .
c
O ≥ N+
2
3 0 0 ( 6 0 0 m i n . ) i f t h e ro o f i s a c c e s s i b l e wh e n t h e c o n d u c t o rs a re l i ve
c ) O u te r wa l l wi th o u t wi n d o ws
W h e n wo rk i s p e rfo rm e d o n th e ro o f wh e n th e c o n d u c to rs a re l i ve , c l e a ra n c e s fro m F i g u re 3 o f
I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0 sh all be u sed .
F i g u re 1 – Ap p ro a ch e s wi th b u i l d i n g s ( wi th i n c l o s e d e l e ct ri c a l o p e ra ti n g a re a s )

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 25 –
7. 2. 6 E xte rn a l fe n ce s o r wa l l s a n d a c c e s s d o o rs
7. 3 I n d o o r i n s t a l l a ti o n s o f o p e n d e s i g n
T h e l a yo u t o f o p e n - t yp e i n d o o r i n s ta l l a ti o n s s h a l l ta ke i n to a cc o u n t th e m i n i m u m p o l e - to - p o l e
a n d p o l e - to - e a rth c l e a ra n ce s s p e ci fi e d i n 5 . 4 .
T h e d e s i g n o f th e i n s ta l l a ti o n s h a l l b e s u ch a s to p re ve n t a cc e s s to d a n g e r zo n e s ta ki n g i n to
a cco u n t th e n eed o f a c ce s s fo r o p e ra ti o n a l an d m a i n te n a n c e p u rp o s e s . T h e re fo re , s a fe t y
d i s ta n c e s o r p e rm a n e n t p ro te cti ve fa ci l i ti e s wi th i n th e i n s ta l l a ti o n s h a l l b e p ro vi d e d .
F o r p ro te c ti ve b a rri e r c l e a ra n c e s , s a fe t y d i s ta n c e s a n d m i n i m u m h e i g h t, s e e 7 . 2 .
F o r b u i l d i n g s , c o rri d o rs , e s ca p e ro u te s , d o o rs a n d wi n d o ws , s e e 7 . 5 .
For sol id wa l l s or s c re e n s less th a n 1 800 m m high, an d fo r ra i l s , ch a i n s or ro p e s , th e

p ro te cti ve o b s ta c l e c l e a ra n c e s a re a t l e a s t
O 1
= N+ 2 0 0 m m ( m i n i m u m 5 0 0 m m , s e e F i g u re 1 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 )
F o r c h a i n s o r ro p e s , th e va l u e s s h a l l b e i n cre a s e d ta ki n g i n to a cc o u n t th e s a g . T h e y s h a l l b e
fi tte d a t a m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f 1 2 0 0 m m to a m a xi m u m o f 1 4 0 0 m m , wh e re a p p ro p ri a te .
7. 4 I n s ta l l a ti o n o f p re fa b ri c a te d t yp e -t e s te d s wi tch g e a r
S e e 7 . 4 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
7. 5 Re q u i re m e n t s fo r b u i l d i n g s
7 . 5. 1 G e n e ra l
S ee 7. 5. 1 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7 . 5. 2 S t ru ctu ra l p ro vi s i o n s
7 . 5. 2 . 1 G e n e ra l
S ee 7 . 5. 2. 1 of I EC 61 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.
7 . 5. 2 . 2 S p e ci fi c a ti o n s fo r wa l l s
S ee 7. 5. 2 . 2 of I EC 61 936 -1 : 2 01 0.
7 . 5. 2 . 3 Wi n d o ws
S ee 7 . 5. 2. 3 of I EC 61 936-1 : 2 01 0.
7 . 5. 2 . 4 Ro o fs
T h e ro o f o f th e b u i l d i n g s h a l l h a ve s u ffi ci e n t m e ch a n i ca l s tre n g th to wi th s ta n d th e e n vi ro n -
m e n ta l c o n d i ti o n s . I n c a s e o f va l ve s i n te n d e d to b e s u s p e n d e d b y a n c h o ri n g to th e ro o f, th e
ro o f o f th e va l ve s bu i l d i n g sh al l h a ve s u ffi c i e n t m e c h a n i c a l s tre n g th to wi th s ta n d b o th th e
e n vi ro n m e n ta l c o n d i ti o n s a n d th e va l ve s we i g h t.
I f th e ce i l i n g o f th e s wi tch g e a r ro o m i s a l s o th e ro o f o f th e b u i l d i n g fo r p re s s u re re l i e f, th e
a n c h o ri n g o f th e ro o f to th e wa l l s s h a l l b e a d e q u a te .

– 26 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
7. 5. 2 . 5 F l o o rs
See 7. 5. 2. 5 of I EC 6 1 936 -1 : 2 01 0.
7. 5. 3 R o o m s fo r s w i t c h g e a r
S ee 7 . 5. 3 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 5. 4 M ai n ten an ce an d o p e ra t i n g a re a s
M a i n te n a n c e and o p e ra ti n g a re a s c o m p ri s e ai sl es, a cc e s s a re a s , h and l ing passag es and

e s ca p e ro u te s .
Ai s l e s a n d a cc e s s a re a s s h a l l b e a d e q u a te l y d i m e n s i o n e d fo r c a rryi n g o u t wo rk, o p e ra ti n g
s wi tc h g e a r a n d tra n s p o rti n g e q u i p m e n t.
Ai s l e s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 8 0 0 m m wi d e .
T h e wi d th o f th e a i s l e s s h a l l n o t b e re d u c e d e ve n wh e re e q u i p m e n t p ro j e c ts i n to th e a i s l e s , fo r
e xa m p l e p e rm a n e n tl y i n s ta l l e d o p e ra ti n g m e ch a n i s m s or s wi tc h g e a r tru cks in i s o l a te d
p o s i ti o n s .
S p a c e fo r e va cu a ti o n s h a l l a l wa ys b e a t l e a s t 5 0 0 m m , e ve n wh e n re m o va b l e p a rts o r o p e n
d o o rs , wh i c h a re b l o cke d i n th e d i re c ti o n o f e s ca p e , i n tru d e i n to th e e s ca p e ro u te s .
F o r e re c ti o n o r s e rvi ce a c ce s s wa ys b e h i n d c l o s e d i n s ta l l a ti o n s ( s o l i d wa l l s ) , a m i n i m u m wi d th
o f 5 0 0 m m i s re q u i re d .
C l e a r a n d s a fe a cc e s s fo r p e rs o n n e l s h a l l b e p ro vi d e d a t a l l ti m e s .
T h e d o o rs o f s wi tc h g e a r cu b i c l e s o r b a ys s h a l l c l o s e i n th e d i re cti o n o f e s c a p e .
B e l o w ce i l i n g s , co ve rs o r e n c l o s u re s , e xc e p t c a b l e a cc e s s e s , a m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f 2 0 0 0 m m
i s re q u i re d .
E xi ts sh al l be a rra n g e d so th a t th e l e n g th o f th e escape ro u te wi th i n th e ro o m d oes not

e xce e d 40 m fo r i n s ta l l a ti o n o f ra te d vo l ta g e s U g re a te r th a n 4 5 kV d . c. , and 20 m fo r
U
dm
i n s ta l l a ti o n o f ra te d vo l ta g e s u p to = 4 5 kV d . c . . T h i s d o e s n o t a p p l y to a cc e s s i b l e b u s
dm
d u c ts o r c a b l e d u c ts . I f th e a b o ve d i s ta n ce s o f th e e s ca p e ro u te ca n n o t b e m e t, a n a g re e m e n t
s h a l l b e m a d e wi th th e u s e r.
P e rm a n e n tl y i n s ta l l e d l a d d e rs o r s i m i l a r a re p e rm i s s i b l e a s e m e rg e n c y e xi ts i n e s c a p e ro u te s .
7. 5. 5 D o o rs
S ee 7. 5. 5 of I E C 61 93 6-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 5. 6 D ra i n i n g o f i n s u l a ti n g liquids
S ee 7. 5. 6 of I E C 6 1 936-1 : 2 01 0 .
7. 5. 7 Ai r c o n d i t i o n i n g an d v e n ti l a ti o n
S ee 7 . 5. 7 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 5. 7 . 1 Ve n ti l a ti o n o f b a t t e ry ro o m s
S ee 7. 5. 7 1 of I EC 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 27 –
7. 5. 7 . 2 Ro o m s fo r e m e rg e n c y g e n e ra t i n g u n i ts
S ee 7 . 5. 7. 2 of I EC 61 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.
7. 5. 8 B u i l d i n g s wh i ch re q u i re s p e c i a l c o n s i d e ra t i o n
S ee 7. 5. 8 of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 0 1 0 .
7. 6 High v o l t a g e /l o w v o l t a g e p re fa b ri c a t e d s u b s t a ti o n s
See 7. 6 of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.
7. 7 E l e c t ri c a l i n s tal l ati on s on m a s t, pol e an d to we r
Th e m i n i m u m h e i g h t H ' o f l i ve p a rts a b o ve s u rfa c e s a cc e s s i b l e to th e g e n e ra l p u b l i c s h a l l b e
– H ' = 4 3 0 0 m m fo r ra te d vo l ta g e s U dm
u p to 4 5 kV;
– H N+' = 4 5 0 0 m m ( m i n i m u m 6 0 0 0 m m ) fo r ra te d vo l ta g e s U dm
a b o ve 4 5 kV;
wh e re N i s th e m i n i m u m cl e a ra n ce .
W h e re th e re d u c ti o n o f s a fe t y d i s ta n c e s d u e to th e e ffe ct o f s n o w o n a cce s s i b l e s u rfa c e s

n e e d s to b e co n s i d e re d , th e va l u e s g i ve n a b o ve s h a l l b e i n cre a s e d .
I s o l a ti n g e q u i p m e n t a n d fu s e s s h a l l b e a rra n g e d s o th a t th e y c a n b e o p e ra te d wi th o u t d a n g e r.
I s o l a ti n g e q u i p m e n t a cc e s s i b l e to th e g e n e ra l p u b l i c s h a l l b e ca p a b l e o f b e i n g l o cke d . Th e
o p e ra ti n g ro d s s h a l l b e c o m p l i a n t wi th th e re l e va n t s ta n d a rd .
S a fe p o l e - to - p o l e c o n n e c ti o n a n d e a rth i n g o f th e o ve rh e a d l i n e s h a l l b e p o s s i b l e .
8 S a fe t y m e a s u re s
8. 1 G e n e ra l
S ee 8 . 1 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 01 0 .
8. 2 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t c o n t a c t
S ee 8 . 2 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 01 0 .
8. 2. 1 M e a s u re s fo r p ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t c o n t a c t
8. 2. 1 . 1 Re c o g n i z e d p ro t e c t i o n m e a s u re s
S ee 8. 2. 1 . 1 of I EC 61 936 -1 : 2 01 0.
8. 2. 1 . 2 Desi gn o f p ro t e c t i v e m e a s u re s
S ee 8 . 2. 1 . 2 of I EC 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.
8. 2. 2 P ro t e c t i o n re q u i re m e n t s
8. 2. 2 . 1 P ro t e c t i o n ou ts i d e o f cl os ed e l e c t ri c a l o p e ra t i n g a re a s
S ee 8. 2. 2 . 1 of I EC 61 936 -1 : 2 01 0.
8. 2. 2. 2 P ro t e c t i o n i n s i d e cl os e d e l e c t ri c a l o p e ra t i n g a re a s
S ee 8 . 2. 2. 2 of I EC 61 93 6-1 : 2 01 0.

– 28 – IEC TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
8. 2. 2 . 3 P ro t e c t i o n d u ri n g n o rm a l o p e ra t i o n
Th e r e l e v a n t s t a n d a rd s fo r o p e ra t i o n o f e l e c tri c a l i n s ta l l a ti o n s sh ou l d be ta k e n i n to a cco u n t.
P ro t e c t i o n m e a s u re s in an i n s ta l l a ti o n sh al l ta ke i n to a cc o u n t th e n eed fo r a cce s s fo r
p u rp o s e s o f o p e ra t i o n an d c o n t ro l an d m a i n te n a n ce , e. g. :
– c o n tro l of a c i rc u i t - b re a k e r o r a d i s c o n n e cto r;
– ch a n g i n g a fu s e or a l am p;
– a d j u s ti n g a s e tti n g va l u e of a d e vi ce ;
– re s e t t i n g a re l a y o r a n i n d i ca to r;
– e a rt h i n g fo r w o rk ;
– e re c t i o n of a te m p o ra ry i n s u l a ti n g s h u tte r;
– re a d i n g th e t e m p e ra t u re or oi l l e ve l of a re a c t o r.
In i n s ta l l a ti o n s wi th Udm
≤ 45 kV d . c. , w h e re d o o rs or c o v e rs h a ve to be open e d in o rd e r to
c a rr y ou t n o rm a l o p e ra t i o n or m a i n te n a n ce , it m ay be n e c e s s a ry to p ro v i d e fi x e d n on-
co n d u cti ve ra i l s as a w a rn i n g .
8. 3 M e a n s t o p ro t e c t p e rs o n s i n c a s e o f i n d i re c t c o n t a c t
S ee 8. 3 of I E C 61 936-1 : 201 0.
8. 4 M e a n s t o p ro t e c t p e rs o n s w o rk i n g on e l e c t ri c a l i n s t a l l a ti o n s
See 8. 4 of I E C 61 936-1 : 201 0 an d I EC 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
8. 5 P ro t e c t i o n fro m d a n g e r re s u l t i n g fro m a rc fa u l t
S ee 8. 5 of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 01 0 and IEC 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
8. 6 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t l i g h t n i n g s t ro k e s
S ee 8. 6 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 201 0.
8. 7 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t fi re
S ee 8. 7. of I E C 6 1 93 6-1 : 2 01 0 and IEC 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 as fa r a s a p p l i ca b l e .
8. 8 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t l e a ka g e o f i n s u l a ti n g liquid
S ee 8. 8 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 201 0 an d I EC 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 as fa r a s a p p l i ca b l e .
8. 9 I d e n t i fi c a t i o n an d m a rk i n g
S ee 8. 9 of I E C 6 1 936-1 : 201 0.
9 P ro t e c t i o n , c o n t ro l a n d a u xi l i a ry s ys t e m s
See Cl au se 9 of I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0 an d I EC 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 as fa r a s a p p l i ca b l e .

IEC TS 61 936-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5 – 29 –
1 0 E a rt h i n g s ys t e m s
1 0.1 G e n e ra l
This Clause 1 0 provides the criteria for design, installation, testing and maintenance of an
earthing system such that it operates under all conditions and ensures the safety of human
life in any place to which persons have legitimate access. It also provides the criteria to
ensure that the integrity of equipment connected and in proximity to the earthing system is
maintained.
D.C. earth electrodes shall be located far enough away from the installation or other
immersed metal structures so that electrolytic corrosion is negligible in comparison with other
causes of corrosion, and to avoid transformer saturation.
NOTE IEC TS 62344 provides general guidelines on the design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct
current (HVDC) links.
As the electrolytic corrosion due to the d.c. earth electrode depends on the ampere-hours of
use, the distance of the d.c. earth electrode from the installation could be reduced in case of
temporary use of the electrode.
1 0.2 F u n d am en tal re q u i re m e n t s
1 0. 2. 1 S a fe t y c ri t e ri a
The hazard to human beings is that a current will flow through the region of the heart which is
sufficient to cause ventricular fibrillation. The current limit, for d.c. purposes is derived from
the appropriate curve in IEC TS 60479-1 . This body current limit is translated into voltage
limits for comparison with the calculated step and touch voltages taking into account the
following factors:
– proportion of current flowing through the region of the heart;
– body impedance along the current path;
– resistance between the body contact points and e.g. metal structure to hand including
glove, feet to remote ground including shoes or gravel;
– fault duration.
For installation design, the curve shown in Figure 2 is calculated according to the method
defined in Annex B.
NOTE The curve is based on data extracted from IEC TS 60479-1 :
– body impedance from Table 1 0 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 (not exceeded by 50 % of the population),
– permissible body current corresponding to the c 2 curve in Figure 22 and Table 1 3 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005
(probability of ventricular fibrillation is less than 5 %),
– heart current factor according to Table 1 2 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005.
The curve in the following Figure 2, which gives the allowable touch voltage, should be used.
As a general rule, meeting the touch voltage requirements satisfies the step voltage
requirements, because the tolerable step voltage limits are much higher than touch voltage
limits due to the different current path through the body.
For installations where high-voltage equipment is not located in closed electrical operating
areas, e.g. in an industrial environment, a global earthing system should be used to prevent
touch voltages exceeding the voltage limits given in IEC 60364-4-41 8 . [ ]

– 30 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
V
T o l e ra b l e t o u c h d . c . vo l t a g e
Vo l t a g e ,
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
1 00
10 1 00 1 000 1 0 000
Ti m e , ms
IEC
F i g u re 2 – T o u c h vo l tag e l i m i t d . c.
1 0. 2. 2 F u n cti o n a l re q u i re m e n t s
T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m , i ts co m p o n e n ts a n d b o n d i n g co n d u c to rs s h a l l b e ca p a b l e o f d i s tri b u ti n g
an d d i s ch a rg i n g th e fa u l t c u rre n t wi th o u t e xce e d i n g th e rm a l and m e ch a n i c a l d esi g n l i m i ts
b a s e d o n b a ck - u p p ro te cti o n o p e ra ti n g ti m e .
I n g e n e ra l , a . c. a n d d . c. e a rth i n g s ys te m s s h a l l b e i n te rc o n n e cte d e xce p t fo r th e d . c. e a rth

e l e c tro d e wh i c h wi l l b e s e p a ra te d fro m th e a . c . a n d d . c . e a rth i n g s ys te m s .
T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m s h a l l m a i n ta i n i ts i n te g ri t y fo r th e e x p e c te d i n s ta l l a ti o n l i fe ti m e wi th d u e
a l l o wa n c e fo r c o rro s i o n a n d m e ch a n i c a l c o n s tra i n ts .
E a rth i n g s ys te m p e rfo rm a n c e s h a l l a vo i d d a m a g e to e q u i p m e n t d u e to e xc e s s i ve p o te n ti a l ri s e ,
p o te n ti a l d i ffe re n c e s wi th i n th e e a rth i n g s ys te m and due to e xc e s s i ve cu rre n ts fl o wi n g in
a u x i l i a ry p a th s n o t i n te n d e d fo r ca rryi n g p a rts o f th e fa u l t c u rre n t.
T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m , in co m b i n a ti o n wi th a p p ro p ri a te m e a s u re s , sh all m a i n ta i n s te p , to u ch
an d tra n s fe rre d p o te n ti a l s wi th i n th e vo l ta g e l i m i ts based on n o rm a l o p e ra ti n g ti m e of
p ro te cti o n re l a ys a n d b re a ke rs .
T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m p e rfo rm a n ce s h a l l c o n tri b u te to e n s u ri n g e l e ctro m a g n e ti c c o m p a ti b i l i t y

( E M C ) a m o n g e l e ctri c a l a n d e l e ctro n i c a p p a ra tu s o f th e h i g h - vo l ta g e s ys te m i n a cco rd a n c e
wi th I E C T R 6 1 0 0 0 - 5 - 2 .
1 0. 2. 3 High an d l o w v o l t a g e e a rt h i n g s ys te m s
S ee 1 0 . 2 . 3 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 01 0.
1 0.3 Desi gn o f e a rt h i n g s ys t e m s
1 0. 3. 1 G e n e ra l
D e s i g n o f a n e a rth i n g s ys te m ca n b e a cco m p l i s h e d a s fo l l o ws :
a) d a ta c o l l e c ti o n , e . g . e a rth fa u l t c u rre n t, fa u l t d u ra ti o n a n d l a yo u t;
b) i n i ti a l d e s i g n o f th e e a rth i n g s ys te m b a s e d o n th e fu n c ti o n a l re q u i re m e n ts ;
c) d e te rm i n e wh e th e r i t i s p a rt o f a g l o b a l e a rth i n g s ys te m ;

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 31 –
d) i f n o t, d e te rm i n e s o i l ch a ra cte ri s ti cs e . g . s p e c i fi c s o i l re s i s ti vi t y o f l a ye rs ;
e) d e te rm i n e th e c u rre n t fl o wi n g i n to e a rth fro m th e e a rth i n g s ys te m , b a s e d o n e a rth fa u l t

cu rre n t;
f) d e te rm i n e th e o ve ra l l i m ped a n ce to e a rth , based on l a yo u t, soi l ch a ra cte ri s ti cs , and

p a ra l l e l e a rth i n g s ys te m s ;
g) d e te rm i n e e a rth p o te n ti a l ri s e ;
h) d e te rm i n e to l e ra b l e to u c h vo l ta g e ;
i) i f th e e a rth p o te n ti a l ri s e i s b e l o w th e p e rm i s s i b l e to u c h vo l ta g e s , th e d e s i g n i s co m p l e te d ;
j) i f n o t, d e te rm i n e i f to u c h vo l ta g e s i n s i d e a n d in th e vi c i n i t y o f th e e a rth i n g s ys te m a re
b e l o w th e to l e ra b l e l i m i ts ;
k) d e te rm i n e i f tra n s fe rre d p o te n ti a l s p re s e n t a h a z a rd o u ts i d e o r i n s i d e th e e l e c tri ca l p o we r

i n s ta l l a ti o n ; i f ye s , p ro ce e d wi th m i ti g a ti o n a t e xp o s e d l o c a ti o n ;
l) d e te rm i n e i f l o w- vo l ta g e e q u i p m e n t i s e x p o s e d to e xce s s i ve s tre s s vo l ta g e ; i f ye s , p ro ce e d
wi th m i ti g a ti o n m e a s u re s wh i ch ca n i n c l u d e s e p a ra ti o n o f H V a n d L V e a rth i n g s ys te m s ;
O n c e th e a b o ve c ri te ri a h a ve b e e n m e t, th e d e s i g n ca n b e re fi n e d , i f n e c e s s a ry, b y re p e a ti n g
th e a b o ve s te p s . D e ta i l e d d e s i g n i s n e c e s s a ry to e n s u re th a t a l l e xp o s e d co n d u c ti ve p a rts ,
a re e a rth e d . E xtra n e o u s co n d u cti ve p a rts s h a l l b e e a rth e d , i f a p p ro p ri a te .
A fl o wc h a rt o f th i s d e s i g n p ro c e s s i s g i ve n i n An n e x D o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .
T h e s tru ctu ra l e a rth e l e c tro d e s h a l l b e b o n d e d a n d fo rm p a rt o f th e e a rth i n g s ys te m . I f n o t

b o n d e d , ve ri fi c a ti o n i s n e ce s s a ry to e n s u re th a t a l l s a fe t y re q u i re m e n ts a re m e t.
1 0 . 3. 2 P o w e r s y s t e m fa u l t s
T h e o b j e cti ve i s to d e te rm i n e th e wo rs t c a s e fa u l t s ce n a ri o fo r e ve ry re l e va n t a s p e c t o f th e
fu n cti o n a l re q u i re m e n ts , a s th e s e m a y d i ffe r. T h e fo l l o wi n g t yp e s o f fa u l t s h a l l b e e x a m i n e d a t
e a c h vo l ta g e l e ve l p re s e n t i n th e i n s ta l l a ti o n :
a) p o l e to e a rth ;
b) two p o l e s to e a rth ;
c) m e ta l l i c re tu rn to e a rth .
F a u l ts wi th i n a n d o u ts i d e th e i n s ta l l a ti o n s i te s h a l l b e e x a m i n e d to d e te rm i n e th e wo rs t fa u l t
l o ca ti o n .
1 0 . 3. 3 Li g h tn i n g an d t ra n s i e n t s
S ee 1 0 . 3. 3 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 01 0.
1 0.4 C o n s t ru c t i o n o f e a rt h i n g s y s t e m s
S ee 1 0 . 4 of I EC 61 9 36-1 : 20 1 0.
1 0.5 M e a s u re m e n t s
See 1 0. 5 of I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0.
1 0.6 M a i n ta i n a b i l i t y
1 0 . 6. 1 I n s pe cti on s
S ee 1 0 . 6 . 1 of I E C 61 9 36-1 : 2 01 0.

– 32 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
1 0 . 6. 2 M e a s u re m e n t s
S ee 1 0 . 6 . 2 of I E C 61 936-1 : 2 01 0.
1 1 I n s p e cti o n a n d te s ti n g
1 1 .1 G e n e ra l
S ee 1 1 . 1 of I EC 61 936-1 : 2 0 1 0.
1 1 .2 V e ri fi c a t i o n o f s p e c i fi e d p e rfo rm a n c e s
S ee 1 1 . 2 of I EC 61 936-1 : 20 1 0.
1 1 .3 T e s t s d u ri n g i n s tal l ati o n and co m m i s s i on i n g
S ee 1 1 . 3 of I EC 61 936-1 : 20 1 0.
1 1 .4 T ri a l ru n n i n g
S ee 1 1 . 4 of I EC 61 936-1 : 20 1 0.
1 2 O p e ra t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e m a n u a l
S e e C l a u s e 1 2 o f I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 a n d I E C 6 1 9 3 6 - 1 : 2 0 1 0 /AM D 1 : 2 0 1 4 .

I EC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 33 –
An n e x A
( i n fo rm a ti ve )
Va l u e s o f ra te d i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l s a n d m i n i m u m c l e a ra n c e s i n a i r b a s e d
on n om i n al vo l ta g e o f s o m e H V D C p ro j e c ts w o rl d w i d e
N om i n al H i g h est Ra t e d 1 5 Ra t e d Ra t e d M inimum pol e- Ra t e d M inimum pol e-
vo l ta g e vo l ta g e m i n u te s l i g h tn i n g s wi tc h i n g to - e a rth c l e a ra n c e s wi tc h i n g t o - p o l e c l e a ra n c e
fo r fo r d . c. wi th - i m pu l se i m pu l se i m pu l se
i n s ta l l a - i n s ta l l a - s ta n d wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d
a
ti o n ti o n vo l ta g e vo l ta g e vo l ta g e vo l ta g e
U dm
1 , 2 /50 µ s P ol e-to- C o n d u c tor Ro d P o l e-to-p ol e C o n d u c tor Ro d –
p eak val u e e a rt h – – –
con d u ctor
2 50 /
s tru c t u re s tru c t u re co n d u ctor
2 50 / 2 500 µ s
p a ra l l e l
2 500 µ s p eak val u e

peak val u e
kV kV kV kV kV mm kV mm
350 700 700

80 82. 5 115 1 70 350
450 900 900
450 900 900

1 00 1 03 1 45 250 450
550 1 1 00 1 1 00
550 1 1 00 1 200 1 300
1 50 1 54, 5 21 5 650 350 1 300 650 1 300 1 300
750 1 50 0 1 50 0 1 50 0
750 1 500 1 700 1 900
200 206 290 850 450 1 700 850 1 700 1 900
950 1 900 1 900 1 900
850 1 700
250 257, 5 360 950 550 1 900 1 050 2 200 2 500
1 050 2 1 00
950 1 900
270 278 390 1 050 650 2 1 00 1 1 25 2 300 2 600
1 1 75 2 400
950 1 900
300 309 435 1 050 650 2 1 00 1 275 2 600 3 1 00
1 1 75 2 400
1 050 2 1 00
320 329, 5 460 1 1 75 750 2 400 1 360 2 900 3 400
1 300 2 600
1 1 75 2 400
350 360, 5 505 1 300 750 2 600 1 425 3 1 00 3 600
1 425 2 900
1 300 2 600
400 41 2 580 1 425 850 2 900 1 680 3 900 4 600
1 550 3 1 00
1 425 2 900
450 463, 5 650 1 550 950 3 1 00 1 850 5 200 6 000
1 675 3 400

– 34 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
N om i n al H i g h est Ra t e d 1 5 Ra t e d Ra t e d M inimum pol e- Ra t e d M inimum pol e-
vo l ta g e vo l ta g e m i n u te s l i g h tn i n g s wi tc h i n g to - e a rth c l e a ra n c e s wi tc h i n g t o - p o l e c l e a ra n c e
fo r fo r d . c. wi th - i m pu l se i m pu l se i m pu l se
i n s ta l l a - i n s ta l l a - s ta n d wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d
a
ti o n ti o n vo l ta g e vo l ta g e vo l ta g e vo l ta g e
U dm
1 , 2 /50 µ s P ol e-to- C o n d u c tor Ro d P o l e-to-p ol e C o n d u c tor Ro d –
p eak val u e e a rt h – – –
con d u ctor
2 50 /
s tru c t u re s tru c t u re co n d u ctor
2 50 / 2 500 µ s
p a ra l l e l
2 500 µ s p eak val u e

peak val u e
kV kV kV kV kV mm kV mm
1 550 3 1 00
3 400
500 51 5 720 1 675 1 050 3 400 2 050 6 200 7 300
b
3 600
1 800 3 600
1 800 3 600
600 61 8 865 1 950 1 300 3 900 4 800 2 500 9 000 1 0 1 00
2 1 00 4 200
N O TE T h e i n tro d u ct i o n o f U dm a b o ve = 6 0 0 kV i s u n d e r co n s i d e ra ti o n .
a
T h e ra te d l i g h t n i n g i m p u l s e i s a p p l i ca b l e p o l e - t o - p o l e a n d p o l e - to - e a rth .
b
M i n i m u m cl e a ra n c e re q u i re d fo r u p p e r v a l u e o f ra t e d l i g h t n i n g i m p u l s e wi t h s ta n d vo l t a g e .

IEC TS 61 936-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5 – 35 –
Annex B
(normative)
Method of calculating the voltage limit
The following Formula (B.1 ) shall be used:
UT = I (t ) ×
B f
1
× R (U ) × BF
T T
(B.1 )
HF
where
UT is the touch voltage;
t is the fault duration; IB tf is the body current limit. See c 2 in Figure 22 and Table 1 3
( )
of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 , where probability of ventricular fibrillation is less than 5 %.
f
IB depends on fault duration.

HF is the heart current factor. See Table 1 2 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005, i.e. 1 ,0 for left
hand, both feet; 0,8 for right hand to both feet; 0,4 for hand to hand.
R T (UT ) is the body resistance. See Table 1 0 and Figure 3 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005. R T is not
exceeded by 50 % of the population. Therefore, the first calculation has to start with
an assumed level.
BF is the body fact. See Figure 3 of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005, i.e. 0,75 for hand to both feet,
0,5 for both hands to both feet.
NOTE Different touch voltage conditions, e.g. left hand to feet, hand to hand, lead to different tolerable touch
voltages. Figure 2 of this standard is based on a weighted average taken from four different touch voltage
configurations. Touch voltage left hand to feet (weighted 1 ,0), touch voltage right hand to feet (weighted 1 ,0), touch
voltage both hand to feet (weighted 1 ,0) and touch voltage hand to hand (weighted 0,7).
For specific consideration of additional resistances the formula becomes:
UT = I (t ) ×
B f
1
× ( R (U ) × BF + R + R
T T H F
) (B.2)
HF
where
RH is the additional hand resistance;
RF is the additional foot resistance.

– 36 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : 2 0 1 5 © I EC 201 5
B i b l i o g ra p h y
[1 ] Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high -

CI SPR 1 8-1 ,
voltage equipment – Part 1 : Description of phenomena

CI S PR 1 8-2,
voltage equipment – Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure of determining
limits

CI S PR 1 8-3,
voltage equipment – Part 3: Code of practice for minimizing the generation of radio
noise
[4 ] I EC 60050 (all parts) , International Electrotechnical Vocabulary ( a va i l a b l e a t

< h ttp //www. e l e ctro p e d i a . o rg > )
[5 ] I EC 60633, Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
[6 ] I E C 6 0 0 6 8 ( a l l p a rts ) , Environmental testing
[7 ] I EC 60076-2, Power transformers – Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed

transformers
[8 ] I E C 6 0 3 6 4 - 4 - 4 1 , Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41 : Protection for safety –

Protection against electric shock
[9 ] I E C 6 0 7 0 0 - 1 , Thyristor valves for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power

transmission – Part 1 : Electrical testing
[1 0 ] Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-2: Environmental

I E C 6072 1 -2-2 ,
conditions appearing in nature – Precipitation and wind
[1 1 ] I E C 6 0 7 2 1 - 2 - 3 , Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-3: Environmental

conditions appearing in nature – A ir pressure

I E C 607 2 1 -2-4 ,
conditions appearing in nature – Solar radiation and temperature
[1 3 ] I E C 6 0 7 2 1 - 2 - 6 , Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-6: Environmental

conditions appearing in nature – Earthquake vibration and shock

I E C 607 2 1 -2-7 ,
conditions appearing in nature – Fauna and flora
[1 5 ] I E C T R 6 0 9 1 9 ( a l l p a rts ) , Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems

with line-commutated converters
[1 6 ] I EC 60949,Calculation of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, taking into

account non-adiabatic heating effects
[1 7 ] I E C T R 6 2 0 0 1 , High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems – Guidebook to the

specification and design evaluation of A . C. filters
[1 8 ] I E C /I E E E 6 5 7 0 0 - 1 9 - 0 3 : 2 0 1 4 , Bushings for d. c. application

IEC TS 61 936-2: 2 01 5 © I EC 201 5 – 37 –
[1 9 ] I E C T S 6 2 3 4 4 , Design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC)
links – General guidelines
[2 0 ] IEC T R 6 2 5 4 3 , High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage
sourced converters (VSC)
[2 1 ] IEC TR 62544, High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems – A pplication of active

filters
[2 2 ] I S O 1 9 9 6 - 1 , A coustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental
noise – Part 1 : Basic quantities and assessment-procedures
[2 3 ] I EEE 998: 1 996, Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations
[2 4 ] s t a n d a r d 1 0 3 0 , IEEE guide for specification of high -voltage direct-current

AN S I / I E E E
systems. Part I: Steady-state performance
[2 5 ] C I G R E R e p o rt 2 3 - 0 7 : 1 9 9 1 , A daptation of substations to their environment both in
urban and rural areas, including noise problems and oil pollution of subsoil
[2 6 ] F a ct o ry M u tu a l G l obal S t a n d a rd 3990, 0 6 /1 9 9 7 : A pproval standard for Less or

Nonflammable Liquid Insulated Transformers
[2 7 ] O ffi c i a l J o u rn a l o f th e E u ro p e a n C o m m u n i ti e s , N o. C 6 2 /2 3 d ated 28. 2. 1 994:
Interpretative document, Essential requirements No. 2, “safety in case of fire”


INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
3, rue de Varembé
PO Box 1 31
CH-1 21 1 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Tel: + 41 22 91 9 02 1 1
Fax: + 41 22 91 9 03 00
info@iec.ch
www.iec.ch

Iec TS 61936-2-2015

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Iec TS 61936-2-2015

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

I E C TS 61 9 3 6-2

P owe r i n s tal l ati on s excee d i n g 1 kV a. c. an d 1 , 5 kV d . c. –

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

or by an y m eans, e l e c t ro n i c or m e ch a n i c a l , i n cl u d i n g p h o t o c o p yi n g an d m i c ro fi l m , wi t h o u t p e rm i s s i o n in wri t i n g fro m

e i th e r IEC or I E C's m em be r N ati o n a l C o m m i t te e in th e c o u n t ry of th e re q u e s t e r. If yo u h a ve an y q u e s ti o n s ab o u t I EC

IEC C e n t ra l O ffi c e Tel . : + 41 22 91 9 02 1 1

Th e I n t e rn a ti o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l Com m i ssi o n (I E C ) is th e l ea d i n g g l obal o rg a n i z a t i o n th a t p re p a re s an d pu bl i sh es

Th e tech n i cal co n te n t of IEC p u b l i c a ti o n s is ke p t u n d er c o n s ta n t re vi e w by th e I EC. P l e as e m a ke s u re th a t yo u h a ve th e

l ates t e d i ti o n , a c o rri g e n d a or an am en d m en t might h a ve been pu bl i sh ed .

I E C C atal og u e - webs tore. i ec. ch /catal og u e E l ectroped i a - www. el ectroped i a. org

Th e s ta n d - a l o n e a p p l i cati o n fo r co n s u l ti n g th e e n ti re Th e wo rl d ' s l ead i n g on l i n e d i cti o n a ry of e l e ctro n i c an d

b i b l i o g ra p h i ca l i n fo rm ati o n on I EC I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s , e l e ctri ca l te rm s co n ta i n i n g m o re th a n 30 000 te rm s an d

Te ch n i ca l S p eci fi cati o n s , Te ch n i ca l Re p o rts an d o th e r d e fi n i ti o n s in Engl ish an d F re n ch , wi th e q u i va l e n t te rm s in 1 5

d o cu m e n ts . Ava i l a b l e fo r PC, M ac OS, An d ro i d Ta b l ets an d a d d i ti o n a l l an g u ag es. Al s o kn o wn as th e I n te rn a ti o n a l

i Pad . E l e ctro tech n i ca l Voca b u l a ry (I E V) on l i n e .

I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www. i ec. ch /s earch pu b I E C G l os s ary - s td . i ec. ch /g l os s ary

Th e a d va n ce d s e a rch e n a b l es to fi n d I EC p u b l i ca ti o n s by a M o re th a n 60 000 e l ectrote ch n i ca l te rm i n o l o g y e n tri e s in

va ri e ty of cri te ri a (re fe re n ce n u m b e r, te xt, tech n i cal En g l i sh an d F re n ch e xtra cte d from th e Te rm s an d D e fi n i ti o n s

com m i tte e , … ). It al so g i ve s i n fo rm ati o n on p ro j e cts , re p l a ce d cl a u s e of I EC p u b l i cati o n s i ss u e d s i n ce 2002. S om e e n tri e s

an d wi th d ra wn p u b l i ca ti o n s . h a ve been co l l ecte d from e a rl i e r p u b l i ca ti o n s of I EC TC 37,

I E C J u s t Pu bl i s h ed - webs tore. i ec. ch /j u s tpu bl i s h ed

S ta y up to d ate on al l n ew I EC p u b l i ca ti o n s . J ust P u bl i sh ed I E C C u s tom er S ervi ce C en tre - webs tore. i ec. ch /cs c

al so o n ce a m o n th b y em a i l . n eed fu rth e r a ss i s ta n ce , p l e as e con ta ct th e C u s tom e r S e rvi ce

C e n tre : csc@ i ec. ch .

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

P ower i n s tal l ati on s exceed i n g 1 kV a. c. an d 1 , 5 kV d . c. –

I CS 29. 020; 29. 080. 01 I SB N 978-2-8322-2304-8

® Reg i stered trad emark of th e I n ternati on al El ectrotech ni cal Commi ssi on

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

4) In o rd e r t o p ro m o te i n te rn a t i o n a l u n i fo rm i ty, I EC N ati o n a l C o m m i tte e s u n d e rta ke to appl y I EC P u b l i ca ti o n s

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

The following differences exist in the countries indicated below:

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

I M P O R T AN T – Th e ' co l ou r in side' l og o on th e cover p ag e of th i s p u b l i cati on i n d i c a te s

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

T h e re a re fe w n ati on a l l a ws , s t a n d a rd s and i n t e rn a l ru l e s d eal i ng wi t h th e m a tt e r co m i n g

wi t h i n th e s co p e of th i s tech n i ca l s p e c i fi c a t i o n , an d th es e p ra cti c e s h a ve been ta ke n as a

Th i s p a rt of I EC 61 936 con tai n s th e minimum re q u i re m e n t s va l i d fo r I EC c o u n t ri e s and som e

c o n t ri b u t i o n and i n vo l ve m e n t fro m a wi d e r a u d i e n ce . Th i s may p ro v i d e th e basi s fo r a fu t u r e

g ra d u a l al i g n m en t all o ve r th e w o rl d of th e p ra c t i c e s c o n c e rn i n g th e d esi gn and e re cti o n of

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

Th i s te c h n i ca l s p e c i fi c a ti o n d oes n ot appl y to th e d esi g n of fa c to ry- b u i l t, t yp e - te s te d

T h i s te ch n i c a l s p e ci fi ca ti o n d o e s n o t a p p l y to th e d e s i g n o f fa c to ry- b u i l t, typ e - te s te d th yri s to r

I EC 60071 -1 , Insulation co-ordination – Part 1 : Definitions, principles and rules

I EC 60071 -2: 1 996, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: A pplication guide

Insulation co-ordination – Part 5: Procedures for high voltage direct current

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

I EC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

I EC TR 61 000-5-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation

I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0, Power installations exceeding 1 kV a. c. – Part 1 : Common rules

I EC 62271 -1 : 2007, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1 : Common specifications

N o te 1 to e n t ry: An e xa m p l e of a n o n - c o n tro l l a b l e va l ve d e vi c e assem bl y i s a s e m i con d u ctor d i o d e va l ve . An

i n d i vi s i b l e e l e c tro n i c d e vi c e fo r e l e c tro n i c p o we r co n ve rs i o n o r e l e c tro n i c p o we r s wi tch i n g ,

N o te 1 t o e n t ry: T yp i c a l e l e c t ro n i c va l ve d e vi c e s a re th yri s t o rs , p o we r re c ti fi e r d i o d e s , p o we r s wi tc h i n g bi pol ar

N o te 2 to e n try: T wo or m o re e l e c t ro n i c va l ve d e vi c e s m ay be i n te g ra t e d on a co m m o n s e m i con d u ctor ch i p

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

co m m o n poin t of two m on opol es fo rm i n g a bi pol e co n ve rte r or th e e a rth e d poi n t of a

e l e c tri ca l co n n e c ti o n b e twe e n a d . c. e a rth e l e ctro d e a n d th e d . c. i n s ta l l a ti o n

p a rt o f a p o we r s ys te m wh i ch i n te rco n n e cts an a . c. s ys te m to a d . c. s ys te m o r two d . c.

N o te 1 t o e n t ry: An e a rth e l e ct ro d e m a y b e l o c a t e d a t a p o i n t s o m e d i s t a n ce fro m t h e H VD C s u b s ta ti o n .

l i g h tn i n g i m p u l s e p ro t e c t i v e l e v e l , < o f a p ro te cti ve d e vi c e >