He wrote the principles to create a company: research, efficient design and mass

production. He defended the gender segregation to be more productive, before men

and women worked together in the fields. This could have been one of the reasons
why there is such a big difference and discrimination in the working field between
men and women.

2. The Birth of city Planning.

Due to all of these problems life expectancy for the working class was between 36
to 38 years old. Urban design appeared to change the living conditions of these
people so that they could be more productive. Companies only thought in their
benefits and called the architects to do so. For example, all buildings had to be 22m
tall maximum because the ladders were only this tall. They had an obsession with
standards. This was also a revelation for speculators who gave only 2m2 per person.
The Regulation Plan was created and defined where it could be built and where it
couldn’t in the city. Now they had to follow the layout of the streets and there were
different land uses depending on the zone. That is why the working class lived in the
east and the bourgeoisie in the west because the wind blows normally from west to
east and the bourgeoisie didn’t want to smell the smoke from the industries or
homes of the working class. Blocks were built in the east and big houses in the
west. This came from the Taylorism approach.
In order to create the most efficient city they placed in the center the companies.
To create these new cities they demolished the old ones (Biggest destruction, 1858,
the Medieval Paris destruction). Still, several families lived in one house.

3. Modern Urban Models: The Athens Charter.

The goal was a rational city. There were various proposals one of the most famous
was La Ville Radieuse, Le Corbusier.
They tried to take the human proportions to the city. They created leisure spaces to
increase the productivity of the working class. In this rational system the working
class was far away from the industries so they changed the plan form to horizontal
to vertical.
In the proposal of Ludwig Hilberseimer: Hochhausstadt (1927), offices were below
the houses in order to be the most productive but it had no identity. I believe all this
rationalism took all the humanity, creativity and spontaneity that are also part from
the human beings. As the “White on white” by Malevich, abstraction is taking it into
disappearance.
The four functions of the Athens Charter (1943) were: dwelling, work, recreation and
transport.

4. Architecture: from historicism to rationalism.

In 1890 modern society already existed. The biggest failure in architecture was that
they didn’t think about the modern society but only in ancient architecture. This
changed when the architectural masters that lived in Berlin saw a worker family’s
home and they started to change the working class homes so that they won’t rise
against the government as they did in 1917 in the Soviet Union.
The Taylorist principles: research to find the better distributions, efficient design
upgrading the 2m2 per person to 12m2 and mass production with the creation of
DIN norms, prefabrication systems and a new measurement system.