Image Image Restoration

Enhancement

Image enhancement makes a picture look Image restoration tries to fix

2. better, without regard to how it really truly the image to get back to the real,
should look. true image.
Image enhancement is the procedure of improving the quality and information content of original
data before processing.

Contrast stretching (often called normalization) is a simple image enhancement technique

that attempts to improve the contrast in an image by 'stretching' the range of intensity
values it contains to span a desired range of values, the full range of pixel values that
the image type concerned allows.
Grey level slicing is equivalent to band pass filtering. It manipulates group of
intensity levels in an image up to specific range by diminishing rest or by leaving them
alone.
Bit plane slicing is a method of representing an image with one or more bits of the byte used
for each pixel.

Image distorted due to various types of noise such as Gaussian noise, Poisson noise,

Speckle noise, Salt and Pepper noise and many more are fundamental noise types in case
of digital images.
histogram is a graph showing the number of pixels in an image at each different intensity
value found in that image.
Order Statistics Filters) Median Filter Max and Min Filter MidPoint Filter Alpha-trimmed
Mean filter.

Adaptive filter is performed on the degraded image that contains original image and noise.
The mean and variance are the two statistical measures that a local adaptive filter depends
with a defined mxn window region.
Smoothing an Image. Smoothing is often used to reduce noise within an image or to produce
a less pixelated image.

Image sharpening is an effect applied to digital images to give them a sharper appearance.

Image restoration is the operation of taking a corrupt/noisy image and estimating the clean,
original image.

There are three basic gray level transformation.

 Linear
 Logarithmic
 Power – law

Image negative is produced by subtracting each pixel from the maximum intensity value.
For example in an 8-bit grayscale image, the max intensity value is 255, thus each pixel is
subtracted from 255 to produce the output image.

power-law transformations is to enhance sharpness /smoothness and contrast with a single

function
The log transformations can be defined by this formula s = c log(r + 1) • Where s and r are the
pixel values of the output and the input image and c is a constant.

applications of image processing in the field of science and technology include computer
vision, remote sensing, feature extraction, face detection, forecasting, optical character
recognition, finger-print detection, optical sorting, argument reality, microscope imaging