Consideraciones del proyecto: el proyecto se desarrollara por grupos de dos personas cuyos

datos son auto-proporcionados por los alumnos de acuerdo a los siguientes criterios:

AP1:# Letras Apellido Paterno Alumno1

AP2:# Letras Apellido Paterno Alumno 2

ALBORNOZ REYNAGA
AP1 ≔ 8 AP2 ≔ 7

Determinar de la L1

Si AP1 ≥ 7 = L1(m)=2*AP1-2 L1 ≔ ‖ if AP1 ≥ 7 | | = 14.00 m

‖ ‖ ||
Si AP1 < 7 = L1(m)=3*AP1-1 ‖ ‖ 2 m ⋅ AP1 - 2 m | |
‖ else ||
L1 = 14.00 m ‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ 3 m ⋅ AP1 - 1 m | |
‖ |

Determinar de la L2
L2 ≔ ‖ if AP2 ≥ 7 | | = 10.00 m
‖ ‖ ||
Si AP2 ≥ 7 = L2(m)=AP2+3 ‖ ‖ 1 m ⋅ AP2 + 3 m | |
Si AP2 < 7 = L2(m)=AP2+2 ‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ 1 m ⋅ AP1 + 2 m | ||
L2 = 10.00 m ‖ ‖

DATOS GENERALES: Madera: Tipo B

kgf
S.C. Nieve SCnieve ≔ 70 ――
m2
Vel. Viento Vv ≔ 120 kph
kgf
Pp. Cielo Raso Pcr ≔ 30 ――
m2
kgf
Terreno: σt ≔ 1.2 ――
m2
kgf
Cubierta: Ppcubierta ≔ 15 ――
m2
DISEÑO DEL SISTEMA DE CUBIERTAS

Limite Limite
L2 L2
inferior = ―――― = 5.02 m superior = ――――= 5.77 m
Li 2 cos ((5 °)) Li 2 cos ((30 °))

s 2 ⋅ kgf
Cargas: Cd ≔ 0.2 ―――
m4
 s 2 ⋅ kgf
Cargas: Cd ≔ 0.2 ―――
kgf m4
Pp cubierta: Ppcubierta = 15.00 ――
m2
kgf
Sc nieve: SCnieve = 70.00 ――
m2
Efecto viento: kgf
Eviento ≔ Cd ⋅ 0.00483 ⋅ Vv 2 = 1.07 ――
m2
Cargas verticales: kgf
CV ≔ Ppcubierta + SCnieve + Eviento = 86.07 ――
m2
DISEÑO DE LISTON altura máxima 3"

OPCION 1

n: Número de calaminas=3 n≔3 Alero ≔ 0.6 ⋅ m Solape ≔ 0.2 ⋅ m

Long. calamina asumida Lcal ≔ 2.1 ⋅ m

Verificación: Licomp ≔ n ⋅ Lcal - ((((n - 1)) ⋅ Solape)) - Alero = 5.30 m

⎛ L2 ⎞
α ≔ acos ⎜―――― ⎟ = 19.37 °
⎝ 2 ⋅ Licomp ⎠

eliston ≔ Lcal - Solape = 1.90 m

kgf
Considerando la carga en el listón: ppliston ≔ 5 ⋅ ――
m
kgf
qv ≔ CV ⋅ eliston = 163.54 ――
m

kgf
qc ≔ qv + ppliston = 168.54 ――
m
kgf
Pieza a analizar: madera tipo B E ≔ 10 5 ⋅ ――
cm 2
3"x3" Apieza ≔ 34.13 ⋅ cm 2 Ixx ≔ 148.76 ⋅ cm 4 Wxx ≔ 36.97 ⋅ cm 3

Diseño a flecha:
lc 5 ⋅ qc ⋅ lc 4
Admf = ―― realf = ―――― Admf = realf
360 384 ⋅ E ⋅ Ixx

3 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
E ⋅ Ixx ⋅ 384 L1
lc ≔ ―――― = 1.23 m longitud asumida lc ≔ 1.2 m cantidad ―― = 11.67
5 ⋅ 360 ⋅ qc de cerchas lc
verificación a flexión:
qc ⋅ lc 2
maxM ≔ ――― = 3033.71 kgf ⋅ cm maxM = Wxx ⋅ Admσf
8

kgf
maxM ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((α)) kgf Admσf ≤ 150 ⋅ ―― no cumple
Admσf ≔ ―――――― = 154.83 ―― cm 2
Wxx cm 2

Verificación a Corte:
qc ⋅ lc 3 ⋅ maxQ kgf
maxQ ≔ ――= 101.12 kgf maxτ ≔ ―――= 4.44 ――
2 2 ⋅ Apieza cm 2

kgf
maxτ ≤ 12 ⋅ ―― cumple
cm 2

OPCION 2

n: Número de calaminas=5 n≔5 Alero ≔ 0.6 ⋅ m Solape ≔ 0.2 ⋅ m

Long. calamina asumida Lcal ≔ 1.5 ⋅ m

Verificación: Licomp ≔ n ⋅ Lcal - ((((n - 1)) ⋅ Solape)) - Alero = 6.10 m

⎛ L2 ⎞
α ≔ acos ⎜―――― ⎟ = 34.95 °
⎝ 2 ⋅ Licomp ⎠

eliston ≔ Lcal - Solape = 1.30 m

kgf
Considerando la carga en el listón: ppliston ≔ 5 ⋅ ――
m
kgf
qv ≔ CV ⋅ eliston = 111.90 ――
m

kgf
qc ≔ qv + ppliston = 116.90 ――
m
kgf
Pieza a analizar: madera tipo B E ≔ 10 5 ⋅ ――
cm 2

3"x3" Apieza ≔ 34.13 ⋅ cm 2 Ixx ≔ 148.76 ⋅ cm 4 Wxx ≔ 36.97 ⋅ cm 3

3"x3" Apieza ≔ 34.13 ⋅ cm 2 Ixx ≔ 148.76 ⋅ cm 4 Wxx ≔ 36.97 ⋅ cm 3

Diseño a flecha:
lc 5 ⋅ qc ⋅ lc 4
Admf = ―― realf = ―――― Admf = realf
360 384 ⋅ E ⋅ Ixx

3 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
E ⋅ Ixx ⋅ 384 L1
lc ≔ ―――― = 1.40 m longitud asumida lc ≔ 1.4 m cantidad ―― = 10.00
5 ⋅ 360 ⋅ qc de cerchas lc

verificación a flexión:
qc ⋅ lc 2
maxM ≔ ――― = 2863.94 kgf ⋅ cm maxM = Wxx ⋅ Admσf
8

kgf
maxM ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((α)) kgf Admσf ≤ 150 ⋅ ―― cumple
Admσf ≔ ―――――― = 126.99 ―― cm 2
Wxx cm 2

Verificación a Corte:
qc ⋅ lc 3 ⋅ maxQ kgf
maxQ ≔ ――= 81.83 kgf maxτ ≔ ―――= 3.60 ――
2 2 ⋅ Apieza cm 2

kgf
maxτ ≤ 12 ⋅ ―― cumple
cm 2

Determinación de TIPO DE ARMADURA: DATOS:

α = 34.95 ° L2 = 10.00 m
ARMADURA PRATT
L2
LJD ≔ ―― ⋅ tan ((α)) = 3.49 m
J 2

LJD
I K LBH ≔ ―― = 1.16 m
H L 3

2 LJD
LCI ≔ ――= 2.33 m
A B C D E F G 3

L2
LAB ≔ ―― = 1.67 m
6
 L2
LAB ≔ ―― = 1.67 m
6

LFL ≔ LBH LEK ≔ LCI LBC ≔ LAB

LCD ≔ LAB LDE ≔ LAB LEF ≔ LAB LFG ≔ LAB

⎛ LCI ⎞ ⎛ LJD ⎞
α1 ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ = 54.42 ° α2 ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ = 64.50 °
⎝ LBC ⎠ ⎝ LCD ⎠

LBC LCD
LBI ≔ ――― = 2.86 m LCJ ≔ ――― = 3.87 m
cos ⎛⎝α1⎞⎠ cos ⎛⎝α2⎞⎠

LFK ≔ LBI LEF ≔ LCJ

L2
LAH ≔ ――――= 2.03 m LHI ≔ LAH
2 ⋅ 3 cos ((α))

LIJ ≔ LAH LJK ≔ LAH LKL ≔ LAH LLG ≔ LAH