Oxidation - Reduction Reactions - Activity Series of Metals and Non-metals

I. Objectives
1. To observe different forms of chemical changes
2. To understand balancing oxidation-reduction equations.
3. To determine the trend of the reducing property of metals and oxidizing property of
non-metals
4. To determine and distinguish the redox reaction between sulfite and permanganate
in acidic, basic, and neutral media

II. Diagrams/Figures for special set-ups:

Figure 1. Set-up of the activity of Figure 2. Set-up of the activity of

metal. non-metal.

III.
Outline/Schematic diagram of procedure:

Place 0.1 M CuSO4, 0.1 M FeSO4, and 0.1 M H2SO4 (5 drops each)
in separate wells on a spot plate

Drop small piece of mossy zinc in each well. Record any change in
solution and metal.

On a separate spot plate, place 0.1 M CuSO4, 0.1 M FeSO4, and

0.1 M H2SO4 (5 drops each) in separate wells.

Drop 1 cm copper wire in each well. Record any change in solution

and metal.

On a separate spot plate, place 0.1 M CuSO4, 0.1 M FeSO4, and

0.1 M H2SO4 (5 drops each) in separate wells.

Drop a small, clean nail in each well. Record any change in solution
and metal.
 A. Activity of Metals

B. Activity of Metals

Place 0.1 M KCl and 0.1 M KI (1 mL) in separate test tubes.

Add toluene (1 mL) then shake and observe.

Add Br2 (1 mL) and shake after. Note the color of the two layers.

Place 0.1 M KCl and 0.1 M KI (1 mL) in separate test tubes.

Add toluene (1 mL) then shake and observe.

Add I2 (1 mL) and shake after. Note the color of the two layers.

C. Reaction between SO32- and MnO4- in different media

Add 0.1 M KMnO4 (2 drops) to 0.1 M Na2SO3 (1 mL) in a test tube.

Add only excess permanganate if color pink exists. Record result.

Acidify 0.1 M Na2SO3 (1 mL) with 3 M H2SO4. Add acid (few drops).

Add 0.1 M KMnO4 (1 drop). Observe color change.

Buffer 0.1 M Na2SO3 (1 mL) with 6 M NaOH until it’s basic.

Add 0.1 M KMnO4 (1 drop). Observe color change.

IV. Special Notes (proper waste disposal, safety precautions):

A. Waste disposal
1. Dispose solutions containing KMnO4, used copper, zinc, and iron nails into the
“Inorganic Waste” container.
2. Solutions of Br2 and I2 with toluene must be separated with a separatory funnel
before disposing.
3. Dispose toluene into the “Inorganic Waste” container.
4. Dispose Br2 and I2 solutions into “Halogenated Organic Waste” containers.
4. Dispose H2SO4 solutions into the “Acid Waste” container.
B. MSDS
1. 0.1 M Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO4)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear pale blue liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: No data available
Boiling point: No data available
Hazards: Health Level 1
Eye: Causes eye irritation.
Skin: Causes skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: Causes respiratory tract irritation.
Digestive tract: May cause irritation of the digestive tract.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with excess water for 15 minutes,
Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with excess water for 15 minutes while
removing contaminated clothing.
Inhalation: Remove the victim into fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with cold water. Give victim 1-2 cups of water or milk
to drink. Induce vomiting immediately.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
2. 0.1 M Iron (II) Sulfate (FeSO4)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear pale yellow liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: Approx. 0°C
Boiling point: Approx. 100°C
Hazards: Health Level 1
Eye: Causes eye irritation.
Skin: Causes skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: Causes respiratory tract irritation.
Digestive tract: May cause irritation of the digestive tract.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Wash eyes with plenty of water. Remove contact lenses.
Skin Contact: Wash skin with plenty of water.
Inhalation: Remove the victim into fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with cold water.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
 Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
3. 0.1 M Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: Below 0°C
Boiling point: Approx. 100°C
Hazards: Health Level 3
Eye: Causes serious eye damage.
Skin: Causes severe skin burn.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory tract irritation, lung damage and
chronic bronchitis.
Digestive tract: Cause nausea, headache, stomach damage, and digestive tract
irritation.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Rinse/flush exposed area with water for 30 minutes. Remove
contact lenses.
Skin Contact: Rinse/flush exposed area with water for 30 minutes. Remove
contaminated clothing.
Inhalation: Move exposed person into fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate
medical attention.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
4. 0.1 M Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear colorless liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: 0°C
Boiling point: 100°C
Hazards: Health Level 1
Eye: May cause eye irritation.
Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory irritation, and shortness of breath.
Digestive tract: May cause digestive tract irritation.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with excess water for 15 minutes.
Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with excess water for 15 minutes.
 Inhalation: Move expose into fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with cold water. Give victim 1-2 cups of water or milk
to drink. Induce vomiting immediately.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
5. 0.1 M Potassium Iodide (KI)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear colorless liquid and ammonia odor
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: 0°C
Boiling point: 100°C
Hazards: (Not hazardous)
Eye: May cause eye irritation.
Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory irritation.
Digestive tract: May cause digestive tract irritation.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with excess water for 15 minutes.
Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with excess water for 15 minutes.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with cold water. Give victim 1-2 cups of water or milk
to drink. Induce vomiting immediately.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
6. Toluene
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Colorless liquid and pleasant, benzene-like odor
Flammability: Flammable
Melting point: -95°C
Boiling point: 110.6°C
Hazards: Health Level 2/Fire Hazard Level 3
Eye: Causes eye irritation.
Skin: Causes skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: Causes respiratory irritation, headache and CNS
encephalopathy.
Digestive tract: May cause CNS depression.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with water for 15 minutes.
Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air.
Ingestion: Get medical aid immediately. Do not induce vomiting.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
7. Bromine (Br2)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Dark red-brown liquid and pungent odor
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: -7.25°C
Boiling point: 59°C
Hazards: Health Level 3
Eye: Cause eye burns, lachrymator, corneal opacification and chemical
conjunctivitis.
Skin: Cause severe burns, skin rash, clammy skin and corrosion.
Respiratory tract: Cause chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema, liver
and kidney damage, coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma.
Digestive tract: Cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract,
gastrointestinal tract burns, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Get medical aid immediately. Do not allow victim to rub or keep
eyes closed. Immediate flush with water is required (at least 30 minutes).
Skin Contact: Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with
plenty of water for at least 15 minutes Remove contaminated clothing.
Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove to fresh air.
Ingestion: Get medical aid immediately. Do not induce vomiting. If victim is
conscious, give 2-4 cups of milk.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
8. Iodine (I2)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: Black-violet flakes solid and pungent odor
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: 113°C
 Boiling point: 184°C

Hazards: Health Level 3

Eye: Causes severe eye burns and damage.
Skin: Causes severe skin burns.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory irritation.
Digestive tract: Causes gastrointestinal complaints.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediate flush with water is required for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses
Skin Contact: Rinse skin with water. Remove contaminated clothing.
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air.
Ingestion: Get medical aid. Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
9. 0.1 M Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Purple liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: Not available
Boiling point: Not available
Hazards: Health Level 1
Eye: May cause eye irritation.
Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory irritation.
Digestive tract: May cause digestive tract irritation.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water.
Skin Contact: Wash skin with mild soap and water.
Inhalation: Assure fresh air breathing.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
10. 0.1 M Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear yellow liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: Not available
 Boiling point: Not available

Hazards: Health Level 1/Reactivity Level 1

Eye: May cause eye irritation.
Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory irritation and shortness of breath.
Digestive tract: May cause digestive tract irritation, nausea and headache.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes.
Skin Contact: Rinse exposed skin using soap and water for 15-20 minutes.
Inhalation: Assure fresh air breathing. Loosen clothing.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do not induce vomiting.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
11. 6.0 M Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear colorless liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: Not available
Boiling point: Not available
Hazards: Health Level 3/Reactivity Level 1
Eye: Cause eye damage.
Skin: Cause skin burn.
Respiratory tract: Causes respiratory irritation and coughing.
Digestive tract: Causes abdominal pain, nausea, bleeding and burns of
gastrointestinal tract.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water.
Skin Contact: Rinse exposed skin using water.
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.
12. 3.0 M Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid and odorless
Flammability: Non-flammable
Melting point: Below 0°C
 Boiling point: Approx. 100°C

Hazards: Health Level 3

Eye: Causes serious eye damage.
Skin: Causes severe skin burn.
Respiratory tract: May cause respiratory tract irritation, lung damage and
chronic bronchitis.
Digestive tract: Cause nausea, headache, stomach damage, and digestive tract
irritation.
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Rinse/flush exposed area with water for 30 minutes. Remove
contact lenses.
Skin Contact: Rinse/flush exposed area with water for 30 minutes. Remove
contaminated clothing.
Inhalation: Move exposed person into fresh air.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate
medical attention.
Personal Protection
Safety glasses, gloves, protective clothing, face shield, masks, laboratory
gowns and closed shoes
Disposal
Dispose to an approved disposal container. Check with all applicable local,
regional, and national laws and regulations.