Q1

1 3
𝑁 = + 13 + = 14.25
2 4

𝑘𝐻𝑁 (2.7 𝑥 10 )(5.7)(6.0) 𝑚

𝑞= = = 6.48 𝑥 10 𝑠/𝑚
𝑁 14.25

𝑞 = (6.48 𝑥 10 ) 𝑥 60 = 0.233 𝑚 ℎ𝑟/𝑚

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 6.83 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 6.48 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

|𝑞 −𝑞 | 6.83 𝑥 10 − 6.48 𝑥 10
% 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100% = 5.12%
𝑞 6.83 𝑥 10

Negligible difference between PLAXIS and hand calculated seepage

Q2
3 3
𝑁 = + 15 + = 16.5
4 4

Seepage at LHS wall

𝑘𝐻𝑁 , (4.5 𝑥 10 )(6.6)(8.0) 𝑚

𝑞 = = = 1.44 𝑥 10 𝑠/𝑚
𝑁 16.5

Seepage at RHS wall

𝑘𝐻𝑁 , (4.5 𝑥 10 )(6.6)(6.0) 𝑚

𝑞 = = = 1.08 𝑥 10 𝑠/𝑚
𝑁 16.5

Total Seepage Arising from LHS and RHS Wall

𝑞 = 𝑞 + 𝑞 = 1.44 𝑥 10 + 1.08 𝑥 10 = 2.52 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

𝑞 = (2.52 𝑥 10 ) 𝑥 60 = 0.907 𝑚 ℎ𝑟/𝑚

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 2.76 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 2.52 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚
|𝑞 −𝑞 | |2.76 𝑥 10 − 2.52 𝑥 10 |
% 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100% = 8.70%
𝑞 2.76 𝑥 10

Negligible difference between PLAXIS and hand calculated seepage

Q3
3
𝑁 = + 18 = 18.75
4

Seepage from half model

𝑘𝐻𝑁 , (6.5 𝑥 10 )(7.5)(6.5) 𝑚

𝑞 = = = 1.69 𝑥 10 𝑠/𝑚
𝑁 18.75

Actual Seepage (Full Model Condition)

𝑞 =𝑞 𝑥 2 = 1.69 𝑥 10 𝑥 2 = 3.38 𝑥 10 𝑚
𝑠/𝑚

𝑞 = (3.38 𝑥 10 ) 𝑥 60 = 12.17 𝑚 ℎ𝑟/𝑚

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 1.71 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 2.52 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚
|𝑞 −𝑞 | |1.71 𝑥 10 − 1.69 𝑥 10 |
% 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100% = 1.17%
𝑞 1.71 𝑥 10

Negligible difference between PLAXIS and hand calculated seepage

Considering of soil block ABCD

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑥 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 1.6𝑚 𝑥 3𝑚 𝑥 (20.4 − 10)𝑘𝑃𝑎
= 49.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐽 = 𝑖 𝑥 𝛾 𝑥 𝑉

Where:

1. 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘

2. 𝑖 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

3. 𝑇𝐻 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑇𝐻 , − 𝑇𝐻
𝐽= 𝑥 10 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑥 (1.6𝑚 𝑥 3.0𝑚)
3𝑚
 9.2𝑚 − 6.5𝑚
𝐽= 𝑥 10 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑥 (1.6𝑚 𝑥 3.0𝑚) = 43.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
3𝑚
Factor of Safety
49.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐹𝑂𝑆 = = 1.16
43.20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Q4
1
𝑁 = + 12 = 12.5
2

𝑘𝐻𝑁 (7.5 𝑥 10 )(5)(4) 𝑚

𝑞= = = 1.20 𝑥 10 𝑠/𝑚
𝑁 12.5

𝑞 = (1.20 𝑥 10 ) 𝑥 60 = 0.0432 𝑚 ℎ𝑟/𝑚

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 1.24 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑞 = 1.20 𝑥 10 𝑚

𝑠/𝑚

|𝑞 −𝑞 | 1.24 𝑥 10 − 1.20 𝑥 10
% 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100% = 3.24%
𝑞 1.24 𝑥 10

Negligible difference between PLAXIS and hand calculated seepage