BHARATI VIDHYAPEETH

COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING

CASE STUDY:- ELECTROMAGNETIC FIE LD IN

WINDMILL
FARMS

Submitted to:- Mrs. Vanita Bhardwaj

Submitted by:- Shivam chawla
Roll No:- 01451202819
Batch:- ECE evening
 Case study
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIEL D IN WINDMILL FARMS A

Introduction
Electromagnetic field, a property of space caused by the motion of an electric
charge. A stationary charge will produce only an electric field in the surrounding
space. If the charge is moving, a magnetic field is also produced. An electric
field can be produced also by a changing magnetic field. The mutual interaction
of electric and magnetic fields produces an electromagnetic field

There are two general kinds of electromagnetic radiation: ionizing radiation

and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is powerful enough to knock
electrons out of their orbit around an atom. This process is called ionization
and can be damaging to a body’s cells. Non-ionizing radiation has enough
energy to move atoms in a molecule around and cause them to vibrate, which
makes the atom heat up, but not enough to remove the electrons from the
atoms.
Electromagnetic fields associated with electricity are a type of low frequency,
non-ionizing radiation, and they can come from both natural and man-made
sources. For example, lightning during a thunderstorm creates electromagnetic
radiation because it creates a current between the sky and the ground.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a phenomenon where one
electromagnetic field interferes with another, resulting in the distortion of both
fields. This is commonly observed in radios when switching between frequencies
and static is heard, as well as on over-the-air TV when the picture becomes
distorted because the signal has been distorted.

Wind turbines can potentially disrupt electromagnetic signals used in

telecommunications, navigation and radar services. The degree and
nature of the interference will depend on:
The location of the wind turbine between receiver and transmitter.
Characteristics of the rotor blades.
Characteristics of receiver.
Signal frequency.
The radio wave propagation in the local atmosphere.





 Interference can be produced by three elements of a wind turbine:
Tower, rotating blades and generator. Tower and blades may obstruct,
reflect or refract the electromagnetic waves. Modern blades are
typically made of synthetic materials which have a minimal impact on
the transmission of electromagnetic radiation. The electrical system is
not usually a potential problem on telecommunications because
interference can be eliminated with proper nacelle insulation and good
maintenance.

Recently, the close attention of the modern scientific and medical

organizations has been drawn to electromagnetic radiation harm on human
health and the environment .Long term electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure
may lead to performance, memory, and attentiveness disorders
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) increase the risk of cardiovascular, endocrine,
and oncological diseases, decrease immune resistance and potency. According
to World Health Organization (WHO) specialists, today electromagnetic
pollution of environment is on a level typical for its current pollution by
harmful chemical substances.

While modern models of windmills are qualitatively new and safe product on
the alternative energy sources market in terms of electromagnetic
compatibility . Monitoring of the environmental electromagnetic pollution is
one of the most important tasks for any country to ensure public health and
safety. According to
various information sources research on the EMFs near the windmills shows
opposite results. As an example, the Australian researchers’ team [2] has found
that electromagnetic radiation near the wind turbine is much lower than the
normalized values, and therefore there is no harmful impact on environment,
as well as on a human health. However, the independent researchers from
Ontario (Canada) have found that electromagnetic waves generated by the
turbines contain a significant amount of high-frequency components which
cause the
weakness and diseases among the local residents

Discussion
Most wind turbines’ inverters can generate an extremely "dirty" signal, which is
the 50Hz waveform, polluted with a lot of high frequency transients.
To our knowledge this study is the first to provide quantitative measurements
of EMF around wind turbines in Canada. One potential limitation of this study is
that the transformers associated with the Kingsbridge 1 Wind Farm were
located in the hub of the turbines, approximately 80 m above ground. There
are a number of windturbines that have pad mounted transformers located at
level, which could potentially generate higher localized levels of EMF. However,
preliminary data collected at a 110 Vestas V82 wind turbine with a pad
mounted transformer from a nearby project location, suggests that although
magnetic field levels tend to be higher at the base of the turbine transformer
(67 mG), they drop off to background (0.2-0.3 mG) within 8 to 10 m. This
indicates that despite the type of wind turbine (i.e., hub vs. Pad mounted
transformer) the EMF levels in the vicinity of wind turbines, especially at
distances associated with typical residential setbacks, are considerably lower
than the ICNIRP guideline for the general public (2,000 mG).
The limited levels of EMF measured around the wind farm, human exposure to
EMF from wind turbines is negligible in comparison to common household
exposures. For example, typical magnetic field levels associated with common
household appliances reported by the NIEHS at six inches from the source,
include 40 mG for a refrigerator, 50 mG for a ceiling fan, 100 mG for a
dishwasher, 300 mG for a microwave, 600 mG for an electric shaver and 700
mG for a hairdryer.

Conclusions
The mean EMF level (characterized here by magnetic flux density
measured were 0.9 mG (n = 11) at the base of the wind turbines and
dropped off to background levels (0.2-0.3 mG) within 2 m with levels
consistently remaining at background out to 200 m and as far afield as
500 m. Additionally, magnetic fields measured at 1 m above buried
collector lines were at background (0.2-0.3 mG), and readings taken
below overhead 27.5 kV and 500 kV lines were consistent with other
power distribution systems in North America. These results suggest that
there is nothing unique to wind farms with respect to EMF exposure. In
fact, magnetic field levels in the vicinity of wind turbines are lower than
levels that people are exposed to on a daily basis in homes, offices and
schools, and much lower than exposure we receive from many common
household electrical devices.