FULL NAME: MOCK TEST NO 5-GRADE 11 2021

I. LISTENING (50 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 1-9, listen to a sociology lecturer talking about shopping habits and decide
whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
1. In the past, shops often had a limited range of goods.
2. There are similar shops in most towns today.
3. There are price reductions all the time.
4. The most popular method of payment in this day and age is credit card.
5. Online shopping is popular because it’s convenient and time-saving.
6. Although credit card fraud is raising public concern, statistics show that this is rare.
7. Because old people can not use computers, they gain few benefits from Internet shopping.
8. Shoppers may not like ordering on the Internet because pictures of goods are often unclear.
9. The lecturer believes that shopping habits will continue to change.

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Part 2. For questions 10-15, listen to an interview in which two people, Dana Singleton and Joe
Fahey, talk about transport and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to
what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
10. What does Dana say about her reason for joining the Accident Prevention Board?
A. She did it after being involved in an accident herself.
B. She felt strongly about what they were doing.
C. She was close to someone who had been an accident victim.
D. She felt pressure from people she worked with.
11. The interviewer mistakenly believes that the number of serious road accidents
A. has recently overtaken the number of accidents on public transport.
B. is presently at an all-time high.
C. is a direct result of more aggressive drivers on the roads.
D. has risen in proportion to the number of cars on the roads.
12. According to the statistics Dana quotes, there were more serious accidents per year
A. before 1926.
B. between 1926 and 1970.
C. between 1970 and 1990.
D. after 1990.
13. Which of the following facts about public transport does Joe not state?
A. Public transport has a relatively poor safety record.
B. People sometimes feel intimidated when using public transport.
C. The high cost of public transport puts a number of people off.
D. Most complaints are about unreliable services.
14. According to Joe, public transport would improve if the government
A. improved the road network.
B. made it free to travel by bus.
C. re-allocated public spending.
D. banned certain cars from roads.
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15. What best sums up Dana’s and Joe’s opinions on driverless cars?
A. Joe feels more strongly that they could help the situation.
B. Dana disagrees with Joe that they are the transport of the future.
C. They share the same views on introducing them gradually.
D. They agree that the poor infrastructure will cancel out any benefit.

Your answers
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 3. For questions 16-25, listen to a recording about earthquakes and supply the blanks with the
missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from
the recording for each answer in the space provided.
16. When did Mt. Pinatubo erupt for the first time?

______________________________________________________________________________

17. When was the earthquake measuring 7.8 recorded?

______________________________________________________________________________

18. When did the experts begin to study Mt. Pinatubo?

______________________________________________________________________________

19. What fell on the local villages on 2nd April?

______________________________________________________________________________

20. What does a 'Level 5' alert mean?

______________________________________________________________________________

Several large earthquakes were triggered by the eruption of Pinatubo on 15th June 1991 because of the
21______________ of the summit. The ‘caldera' thus created considerably reduced the height of the
mountain. At the same time a 22________________ was passing by and the rain associated with it
mixed with the cinders in the air to form a substance called tephra' which fell on the
23_________________ of homes causing them to collapse, crushing hundreds of people.

During the eruption, large amounts of sulphur dioxide gas were emitted, which combined with
24__________________ to make sulphuric acid which was responsible for a great deal of ozone
depletion above Antarctica. The overall effect of the cloud from this great eruption was the lowering of
25__________________.

II. PHONETICS (10 POINTS)

Part 1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
26. A. produced B. arranged C. checked D. fixed
27. A. eyes B. apples C. tables D. faces
28. A. absent B. descent C. recent D. decent
29. A. argue B. tongue C. dialogue D. plague
30. A. charisma B. chemise C. characteristic D. chemotherapy

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Part 2. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the others.
31. A. decay B. attack C. depend D. vanish
32. A. commercial B. constructive C. essential D. national
33. A. considerate B. continental C. territorial D. economic
34. A. mischievous B. authority C. apartheid D. ambassador
35. A. profile B. morale C. blindfold D. insight

Your answers
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

III. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 36-55, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following
questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
36. Tom: “Can I have another cup of tea?”
Christy: “___________.”
A. Be yourself B. Do it yourself
C. Help yourself D. Allow yourself
37. The police officer assured ___________ as soon as she had news about my stolen phone.
A. to me that she would call B. me that she would call
C. to call D. that she was calling
38. ___________, the meeting stops here.
A. If no question being asked B. Without any question, however
C. No questions asked D. There being no question
39. Two weeks ___________, we will celebrate our coronation.
A. yet B. hence C. hitherto D. albeit
40. Our plans to hold an end-of-year picnic in the woods were ___________ by the bad weather.
A. provoked B. thwarted C. emulated D. vented
41. My daughter has a very sunny ___________, unlike my son who is often moody and
uncommunicative.
A. behaviour B. conditioning C. disposition D. nurture
42. Lisa attempted to ___________ herself with her new boss by volunteering to take on extra work.
A. ingratiate B. please C. gratify D. command
43. The ___________ workers were expecting thousands of refugees to turn up at the camps over the
next few weeks.
A. social B. concern C. relief D. agency
44. Kate’s been ___________ for six months now, so she really hopes that this job interview works out
well for her.
A. on duty B. burnt out C. outside the box D. on the dole
45. I’m sorry I forgot to collect your dry-cleaning, but it completely ___________ my mind.
A. jogged B. threw C. crossed D. slipped
46. I'm afraid we got our ___________ crossed. I thought my husband would be picking up the children
and he thought I was doing it.
A. minds B. purposes C. fingers D. wires
47. It’s important to keep your ___________ about you when you are walking through the African bush.
A. wits B. heads C. brains D. minds
48. I’m not sure I can answer that. I’ve only thought about it in the ____________before.
A. general B. hypothetical C. indefinite D. abstract
49. The modification has been the ____________ on the cake for both of us, for a lot of hard work has
gone into the design and development of the course.
A. chilling B. cooling C. freezing D. icing
50. She expects the political experience gained in this election will stand her in good ____________ in
her future career, which, she suggests, could include another campaign.
A. footing B. grounding C. precedent D. stead
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51. Congratulations on your success! How does it feel to be____________?
A. the man of the hour B. a word of honor
C. an egg on the face D. the top of the morning
52. At first, Tom insisted he was right, but then began to ____.
A. back down B. follow up C. drop off D. break up
53. I was promised a good job from January this year, but it’s April now and I’m afraid that they are just
____________ me along.
A. cheating B. swindling C. stringing D. bringing
54. Tears ____________ up out of the baby's eyes.
A. raised B. mounted C. welled D. filled
55. Once the storm ____________, we’ll take the boat out on the lake.
A. beats down B. holds off C. rolls in D. blows over

Your answers
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.
50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Part 2. For questions 56-60, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space
provided.
Is consumerism such a bad thing? However (56-simple) _______________ it might sound, the truth is
we can’t really survive without it. Our economy depends entirely on consumer spending, perpetuated by
our never-ending need for the new. Unless we are in the service sector, or doctors, teachers or lawyers,
we are most likely to be involved in one way or another with consumerism. There is no doubt that our
houses are stuffed with an (57-abundant) _______________ of things we don’t need and don’t want any
more, things we’ve hardly ever used, clothes never worn, gadgets (58-discard) _______________ once
a better one comes along. It is a very strong-minded person who isn’t seduced at some point or another
by some useless but (59-lure) _______________ new contraption or item of clothing. And so, despite
the detrimental effects of overwork, people work harder and harder to afford all the tat they don’t need.
And although consumerism is the bedrock of our economy it is also (60-instrument) _______________
in much of our downfall. We are overburdened with huge debts which we won’t be able to pay back, all
for the sake of stuff we never really needed. As Scottish thinker James Steuart wrote in 1770, ‘men are
forced to labour now because they are slaves to their own wants’.

Part 3. For questions 61-65, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space
provided.
61. The ___________ (tranquil) of the beach in spring is the perfect antidote to the city.
62. There is a ___________ (hold) belief that flamenco is typical throughout Spain, but that is not true.
63. The earliest written records were simply ___________ (picture) representations of natural objects,
such as birds and animals.
64. Redundancy payment, or a golden ___________ (hand) in lieu of notice, up to the value of
￡30,000.
65. The President authorizes the ____________ (judge) use of military force to protect our citizens.

Part 4. For questions 66-75, find and correct 10 mistakes in the passage. Write them in the numbered
boxes provided.
Interest in the phenomena of space is not recent, its origins lost in the shadows of antiquism. Impelled
by curiosity and a desire to understand, man has long studied, charted and debated the mysteries of the
celestial spheres. Out of this interest eventually coming the revolution in thought and outlook initiated
by Copernicus, supported by the remarkably precise measurements of Tycho Brahe, illuminated by the
observations of Galileo and the insights of Kepler, and given a theoretical basis by Newton in his
proposed law about gravitation. The Copernican revolution continues to unfold today in human thought
and lies at the heart of modern astronomy and cosmology. Yet, until recently, outer space was
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unaccessible to man, and whatever was learnt about the sun, planets and stars were obtained by often
elaborate deductions from observations of the radiations that reached the surface of the Earth. Nor were
all the inaccessible reaches of space far away. The ionosphere, was important because of its role in radio
communications, was not as far away from the man on the ground below as Baltimore is from
Washington. Nevertheless, until the advent of the large rocket, the ionosphere remained inaccessible not
only to man himself but even his instruments. As a result, many of the conclusions about the upper
atmosphere and the space environment of the Earth were quite tentative, being based on highly indirect
evidence and long chains of theoretical reason. Time and again the theorist found himself struggling
with a plethora of possibilities that could reduce in number only if it were possible to make in situ
measurements. Lacking of the measurements, the researcher was forced into guesswork and speculation.
Small wonder, then, that when large rockets appeared they were soon put to work carrying scientific
instruments into the upper atmosphere for making the long-needed in situ measurements. From the very
start it was clear that the large rocket brought to it numerous possibilities for aiding the investigation and
exploration of the atmosphere and space...

Your answers
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

III. READING (50 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 76-85, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Are you one of those people who 76.____________ and turn all night, unable to get to sleep? Although
many people who have sleeping problems, either chronic or occasional, automatically reach for sleeping
pills when they sense a difficult night 77.____________ of them, a number turn to natural remedies,
which are not only cheaper but safer in the long 78.____________. Most poor sleepers will, at some
point, have tried the well-known trick of consuming a hot drink such as milk before going to bed. But
79.____________ are aware of the more unusual folk remedies that can help them on their way to a
restful night's sleep. One effective remedy involves running very cold water over the forearms and lower
legs for several minutes just before hopping into 80.____________. The shock of the cold
81.____________ by the warmth of the bed relaxes the body and leads to drowsiness. Another unusual
approach has to 82.____________ with eating — or, more precisely, chewing. Eating an apple just
before bedtime, taking particular care to chew the peel slowly and thoroughly, can help
83.____________ droop. The reason? Apple peel contains a natural substance which induces relaxation.
Not only that, the chewing action is relaxing in 84.____________. Other than that, meditation,
stretching. reading and even walking around prove helpful for many people. In short, there are many
ways to avoid the pill-popping route, And if all 85.____________ fails, you can always try counting
sheep.

Your answers
76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

Part 2. For questions 86-95, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each
gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

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Does wealth have anything to do with how (86) _____ and generous a person is? Can we (87) _____
greater generosity to the better off in society? And are people stingier the less (88) _____ they are?
Research by psychologists in the UK and the US has revealed that, on the contrary, when it comes to
charity and (89) _____, it seems that poverty brings out the (90) _____ in people. They found that
although the wealthiest gave more in absolute terms, they gave less as a proportion of their income.
While the poorest appear to give over three per cent of their monthly income to good causes, the richest
are giving less than two per cent. But the (91) _____ classes aren’t only more (92) _____, they also
seem to be less thoughtful and kind. An experiment to find out which cars were most likely to stop for a
pedestrian at a zebra crossing revealed that the grander and more expensive the car, the less (93) _____
the driver was to stop. Does this mean that the more privileged you are, the more (94) _____ you feel, in
this case to get there more quickly without having to stop for others? But it isn’t all bad news for the
well-to-do when it comes to generosity. There are many great (95) _____ who are prepared to give away
their fortunes to the more vulnerable in society, and it has been found that the rich are more likely to do
voluntary work than the poor.
86 A prosperous B vulnerable C affluent D empathetic
87 A attach B bring about C attribute D credit
88 A well-heeled B well-kept C opulent D shady
89 A affluence B miserliness C compassion D want
90 A best B worst C most D least
91 A wanting B moneyed C thrifty D cautious
92 A thick-skinned B impassive C impartial D tight-fisted
93 A likely B often C possible D expected
94 A entitled B essential C indispensable D critical
95 A misanthropes B sponsors C philanthropists D donors

Your answers
86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

Part 3. For questions 96-108, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
SAVING LANGUAGE
For the first time, linguists have put a price on language. To save a language from extinction isn't cheap
— but more and more people are arguing that the alternative is the death of communities.

There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. Communities have come and gone throughout
history and with them their language. But what is happening today is extraordinary, judged by the
standards of the past. It is language extinction on a massive scale. According to the best estimates, there
are some 6,000 languages in the world. Of these, about half are going to die out in the course of the next
century: that's 3,000 languages in 1,200 months. On average, there is a language dying out somewhere
in the world every two weeks or so.

How do we know? In the course of the past two or three decades, linguists all over the world have been
gathering comparative data. If they find a language with just a few speakers left, and nobody is
bothering to pass the language on to the children, they conclude that language is bound to die out soon.
And we have to draw the same conclusion if a language has less than 100 speakers. It is not likely to last
very long. A 1999 survey shows that 97 percent of the world's languages are spoken by just four percent
of the people.

It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and
where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages
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are not in such a serious position. Often, where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that
can be done to give new life to them. It is called revitalization. Once a community realizes that its
language is in danger, it can start to introduce measures which can genuinely revitalize. The community
itself must want to save its language. The culture of which it is a part must need to have a respect for
minority languages. There needs to be funding, to support courses, materials, and teachers. And there
need to be linguists, to get on with the basic task of putting the language down on paper. That's the
bottom line: getting the language documented —recorded, analyzed, written down. People must be able
to read and write if they and their language are to have a future in an increasingly computer-literate
civilization.

But can we save a few thousand languages, just like that? Yes, if the will and funding were available. It
is not cheap, getting linguists into the field, training local analysts, supporting the community with
language resources and teachers, compiling grammars and dictionaries, writing materials for use in
schools. It takes time, lots of it, to revitalize an endangered language. Conditions vary so much that it is
difficult to generalize, but a figure of $100,000 a year per language cannot be far from the truth. If we
devoted that amount of effort over three years for each of 3,000 languages, we would be talking about
some $900 million.

There are some famous cases which illustrate what can be done. Welsh, alone among the Celtic
languages, is not only stopping its steady decline towards extinction but showing signs of real growth.
Two Language Acts protect the status of Welsh now, and its presence is increasingly in evidence
wherever you travel in Wales.

On the other side of the world, Maori in New Zealand has been maintained by a system of so-called
'language nests', first introduced in 1982. These are organizations which provide children under five
with a domestic setting in which they are intensively exposed to the language. The staff are all Maori
speakers from the local community. The hope is that the children will keep their Maori skills alive after
leaving the nests and that as they grow older they will in turn become role models to a new generation
of young children. There are cases like this all over the world. And when the reviving language is
associated with a degree of political autonomy, the growth can be especially striking, as shown by
Faroese, spoken in the Faroe Islands, after the islanders received a measure of autonomy from Denmark.

In Switzerland, Romansch was facing a difficult situation, spoken in five very different dialects, with
small and diminishing numbers, as young people left their community for work in the German-speaking
cities. The solution here was the creation in the 1980s of a unified written language for all these dialects.
Romansch Grischun, as it is now called, has official status in parts of Switzerland, and is being
increasingly used in spoken form on radio and television.

A language can be brought back from the very brink of extinction. The Ainu language of Japan, after
many years of neglect and repression, had reached a stage where there were only eight fluent speakers
left, all elderly. However, new government policies brought fresh attitudes and a positive interest in
survival. Several 'semi-speakers' — people who had become unwilling to speak Ainu because of the
negative attitudes of Japanese speakers — were prompted to become active speakers again. There is
fresh interest now and the language is more publicly available than it has been for years.

If good descriptions and materials are available, even extinct languages can be resurrected. Kaurna,
from South Australia, is an example. This language had been extinct for about a century but had been
quite well documented. So, when a strong movement grew for its revival, it was possible to reconstruct
it. The revised language is not the same as the original, of course. It lacks the range that the original had,
and much of the old vocabulary. But it can nonetheless act as a badge of present-day identity for its

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people. And as long as people continue to value it as a true marker of their identity, and are prepared to
keep using it, it will develop new functions and new vocabulary, as any other living language would do.

It is too soon to predict the future of these revived languages, but in some parts of the world they are
attracting precisely the range of positive attitudes and grassroots support which are the preconditions for
language survival. In such unexpected but heart-warming ways might we see the grand total of
languages in the world minimally increased.

Questions 96-100: Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.
YES if the statement agrees with the writer 's views

NO if the statement contradicts the writer's views

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

96. The rate at which languages are becoming extinct has increased.

97. Research on the subject of language extinction began in the 1990s.

98. In order to survive, a language needs to be spoken by more than 100 people.

99. Certain parts of the world are more vulnerable than others to language extinction.

100. Saving language should be the major concern of any small community whose language is under
threat.

Your answers
96. 97. 98. 99. 100.

Questions 101-103:

The list below gives some of the factors that are necessary to assist the revitalization of a language
within a community.

Which THREE of the factors are mentioned by the writer of the text?

Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.

A. the existence of related languages

B. support from the indigenous population

C. books tracing the historical development of the language

D. on-the-spot help from language experts

E. a range of speakers of different ages

F. formal education procedures

G. a common purpose for which the language is required

Your answers
101. 102. 103.

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Questions 104-108: Match the languages A—F with the statements below which describe how a
language was saved. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.

Languages

A Welsh

B Maori

C Faroese

D Romansch

E Ainu

F Kaurna

104. The region in which the language was spoken gained increased independence.

105. People were encouraged to view the language with less prejudice.

106. Language immersion programs were set up for sectors of the population.

107. A merger of different varieties of the language took place.

108. Written samples of the language permitted its revitalization.

Your answers
104. 105. 106. 107. 108.

Part 4. For questions 109-118, read the following passage and choose the answer A, B, C or D that
fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
"Rising Sea Levels"
Perhaps the most pervasive climatic effect of global warming is rapid escalation of ice melt. Mount
Kilimanjaro in Africa, portions of the South American Andes, and the Himalayas will very likely lose
most of their glacial ice within the next two decades, affecting local water resources. Glacial ice
continues its retreat in Alaska. NASA scientists determined that Greenland's ice sheet is thinning by
about 1 m per year. The additional meltwater, especially from continental ice masses and glaciers, is
adding to a rise in sea level worldwide. Satellite remote sensing is monitoring global sea level, sea ice,
and continental ice. Worldwide measurements confirm that sea level rose during the last century.
Surrounding the margins of Antarctica, and constituting about 11% of its surface area, are numerous ice
shelves, especially where sheltering inlets or bays exist. Covering many thousands of square kilometers,
these ice shelves extend over the sea while still attached to continental ice. The loss of these ice shelves
does not significantly raise sea level, for they already displace seawater. The concern is for the possible
surge of grounded continental ice that the ice shelves hold back from the sea.
Although ice shelves constantly break up to produce icebergs, some large sections have recently broken
free. In 1998 an iceberg (150 km by 35 km) broke off the Ronne Ice Shelf, southeast of the Antarctic
Peninsula. In March 2000 an iceberg tagged B-15 broke off the Ross Ice Shelf (some 90 0 longitude west
of the Antarctic Peninsula), measuring 300 km by 40 km. Since 1993, six ice shelves have disintegrated
in Antarctica. About 8000 km of ice shelf are gone, changing maps, freeing up islands to
circumnavigation, and creating thousands of icebergs. The Larsen Ice Shelf, along the east coast of the
Antarctic Peninsula, has been retreating slowly for years. Larsen-A suddenly disintegrated in 1995. In
only 35 days in early 2002, Larsen-B collapsed into icebergs. This ice loss is likely a result of the 2.5°C
temperature increase in the region in the last 50 years. In response to the increasing warmth, the
Antarctic Peninsula is sporting new vegetation growth, previously not seen there.

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A loss of polar ice mass, augmented by melting of alpine and mountain glaciers (which experienced
more than a 30% decrease in overall ice mass during the last century) will affect sea-level rise. The
IPCC assessment states that "between one-third to one-half of the existing mountain glacier mass could
disappear over the next hundred years." Also, "there is conclusive evidence for a worldwide recession
of mountain glaciers ... This is among the clearest and best evidence for a change in energy balance at
the Earth's surface since the end of the 19th century."
[A.] Sea-level rise must be expressed as a range of values that are under constant reassessment. [B.] The
2001 IPCC forecast for global mean sea-level rise this century, given regional variations, is from 0.11-
0.88 m. [C.] The median value of 0.48 m is two to four times the rate of previous increase. These
increases would continue beyond 2100 even if greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized. [D.]
The Scripps Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, has kept ocean temperature records since
1916. Significant temperature increases are being recorded to depths of more than 300 m as ocean
temperature records are set. Even the warming of the ocean itself will contribute about 25% of sea-level
rise, simply because of thermal expansion of the water. In addition, any change in ocean temperature has
a profound effect on weather and, indirectly, on agriculture and soil moisture. In fact the ocean system
appears to have delayed some surface global warming during the past century through absorption of
excess atmospheric neat.
A quick survey of world coastlines shows that even a moderate rise could bring changes of unparalleled
proportions. At stake are the river deltas, lowland coastal farming valleys, and low-lying mainland
areas, all contending with high water, high tides, and higher storm surges. Particularly tragic social and
economic consequences will affect small island states - being able to adjust within their present country
boundaries, disruption of biological systems, loss of biodiversity, reduction in water resources, among
the impacts. There could be both internal and international migration of affected human populations,
spread over decades, as people move away from coastal flooding from the sea-level rise.
109. There is more new plant life in Antarctica recently because ______.
A. the mountain glaciers have melted
B. the land masses have split into islands
C. the icebergs have broken into smaller pieces
D. the temperature has risen by a few degrees
110. It may be inferred from this passage that icebergs are formed ______.
A. by a drop in ocean temperatures B. when an ice shelf breaks free
C. from intensely cold islands D. if mountain glaciers melt
111. The word ‘there’ in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. polar ice mass in the last 50 years B. the temperature increase
C. new vegetation growth D. in the Antarctic Peninsula
112. The author explains the loss of polar and glacial ice by ______.
A. stating an educated opinion B. referring to data in a study
C. comparing sea levels worldwide D. presenting his research
113. The word ‘conclusive’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. definite B. independent C. unique D. valuable
114. Why does the author mention the Scripps Institute of Oceanography?
A. The location near the coast endangers the Scripps facility.
B. Research at Scripps indicates that the ocean is getting warmer.
C. One quarter of the rising sea levels has been recorded at Scripps.
D. Records at Scripps have been kept for nearly one hundred years.
115. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the
passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.
A. Global warming on the surface of the planet may have been retarded during the last
hundred years because heat in the atmosphere was absorbed by the oceans.
B. Global warming on the surface of the ocean was greater than it was on the rest of the
planet during the past century because of heat in the atmosphere.
C. Too much heat in the atmosphere has caused global warming on the surface of the
planet for the past hundred years in spite of the moderation caused by the oceans.
D. There is less heat being absorbed by the oceans now than there was a hundred years
ago before the atmosphere began to experience global warming.
116. Why will people move away from the coastlines in the future?
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 A. It will be too warm for them to live there.
B. The coastlines will have too much vegetation.
C. Flooding will destroy the coastal areas.
D. No agricultural crops will be grown on the coasts.
117. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the author's opinion about rising sea
levels?
A. Sea levels would rise without global warming.
B. Rising sea levels can be reversed.
C. The results of rising sea levels will be serious.
D. Sea levels are rising because of new glaciers.
118. Look at the four squares [.] that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the
passage.
During the last century, sea level rose 10-20 cm; a rate 10 times higher than the average rate
during the last 3000 years
Where could the sentence best be added?
A. [A.] B. [B.] C. [C.] D. [D.]

Your answers
109. 110. 111. 112. 113.

114. 115. 116. 117. 118.

Part 5. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 119-125, read the
passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box
provided.
Rainmaker with his Head in the Clouds
Critics dismissed Craeme Mather' s attempts to make clouds rain. But now recent experiments appear to
have vindicated him. Anjana Ahuya reports.

Dr. Craeme Mather lived his life with his head in the clouds, as a documentary film to be shown this
week shows. Against the advice of almost everybody else in the meteorological community, the
Canadian scientist devoted his professional life to trying to make clouds rain.

119.

Before Dr. Mather became involved, the science of weather modification had already claimed many
reputations. The idea that clouds could be manipulated first circulated in the 1940s, and efforts gathered
pace soon after the Second World War.

120.

However, the entire discipline fell into disrepute when commercial companies hijacked the idea, took it
around the world, and then failed to deliver on their promises. Cloud-seeding, as the process was
known, became the preserve of crackpots and charlatans.

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121.

Scientists theorized that if they could inject the cloud with similarly shaped crystals, these imposter
crystals would also act as frames around which droplets would clump. The cloud would then be tricked
into raining. Silver iodide, whose crystals resemble those of ice, seemed the best bet. Sadly, none of the
experiments, including Dr. Mather's, which had been going for more than five years, seemed to work.
Dr. Mather was about to admit defeat when serendipity intervened.

122.

Dr. Mather was convinced that something that the place was spewing into the atmosphere was
encouraging the downpour. Subsequent experiments confirmed that hygroscopic salts pouring into the
sky from them were responsible. Hygroscopic salts attract water - once in the atmosphere, the particles
act as magnets around which raindrops can form.

123.

He was wary; Dr. Mather was known to be a smooth-talking salesman. 'He was charming and
charismatic, and many scientists don't trust that; he says. 'He was also not well-published because he had
been working in the commercial sector. Overall, he was regarded as a maverick. On that occasion, he
presented results that I was convinced were impossible. Yet the statistical evidence was overwhelming,
which I couldn't understand.

124.

'If those findings can be reproduced there, it will be the most exciting thing to have happened in the field
for 20 years. It will be remarkable because some of the results are not scientifically explainable.’ He
adds, however, that scientists must exercise caution because cloud-seeding is still mired in controversy.
He also points out that, with water being such a precious resource, success will push the research into
the political arena.

125.

Dr. Cooper says: 'With the paper mill, he saw something that other people wouldn't have seen. I am still
uncomfortable with his idea because it throws up major puzzles in cloud physics. But if Dr. Mather was
right, it will demonstrate that humans can change clouds in ways that were once thought impossible.'

A Dr. Mather refused to be daunted by this image. After all, the principle seemed perfectly plausible.
Water droplets are swept up to the top of the clouds on updrafts, where they become supercooled (i.e.,
although the temperature is below freezing, the water remains liquid). When a supercooled droplet
collides with an ice crystal, it freezes on contact and sticks. Successive collisions cause each ice crystal
to accumulate more water droplets; the crystals grow until they become too heavy to remain suspended
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in the atmosphere. As the crystals fall through the cloud, they become raindrops. The ice crystals,
therefore, act as frames to 'grow' raindrops.

B Dr. Mather, unfortunately, will not be involved in the debate about such matters. He died aged 63,
shortly before the documentary was completed. It will ensure that this smooth-talking maverick is given
the recognition he deserves.

C He and a colleague decided to collect a last batch of data when they flew into a tiny but ferocious
storm. That storm, Dr. Mather says in the film, changed his life. Huge droplets were spattering on the
tiny plane's windscreen. No such storm had been forecast. Back on the ground, they discovered the
storm was located directly above a paper mill.

D A trial in Mexico has been running for two years, and the signs are promising. 'We were sufficiently
encouraged in the first year to continue the seeding research. But the results are preliminary because we
have only a very small sample of clouds at the moment. We need to work over two more summers to
reach a proper conclusion.

E He arranged to fly to South Africa 'with the full intention of explaining what was wrong with the
experiment'. Instead, he came back convinced that Dr. Mather was on to something. He is now running
two experiments, one in Arizona and one in northern Mexico to try to verify the South African results.
The experiments use potassium chloride, which is similar to table salt (sodium chloride) and, it is
claimed, non-polluting.

F The scientific community remained sniffy in the face of this apparent proof. Foremost among the
skeptics was Dr. William Cooper, of the United States National Centre for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR). Dr. Cooper, regarded as one of the world's finest cloud scientists, saw Dr. Mather present his
astonishing claims at a cloud physics conference in Montreal.

G They involved weather experts firing rockets into clouds to stop them from producing hail, which
damages crops. The clouds, it was hoped, would dissolve into a harmless shower.

H The desire to do so led him to set up a project in South Africa, which was ultimately to convince him
that it was possible. As the program reveals, experiments around the world appear to prove his faith was
justified.

Your answers
119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125.

IV. WRITING (50 points)

Part 1. Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
126. Do you understand what he’s written at the end? (SENSE)
Can you_____________________________________________________________________
127. If the referee hadn’t intervened promptly, a fight would have developed on the pitch.
(INTERVENTION)
But for______________________________________________________________________
128. Fiona will not join the strike because she thinks it is morally incorrect. (PRINCIPLE)
It is_________________________________________________________________________
129. Our plans to visit Jamaica this summer have fallen through again. (NOTHING)
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Our plans___________________________________________________________________
130. Mary was always making Jones the subject of her cruel jokes. (BUTT)
- Jones_______________________________________________________________________

Part 2. The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK,
divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

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Part 3. Write an essay of 300 words on the following topic:

Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
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