Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to two people discussing the subject of social identity and choose the
best answer (A, B, C or D) which best fits according to what you hear. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (10pts)
1. What does Marc think about being labelled as ‘a philosopher’?
A. It’s not an appropriate label for him in other contexts.
B. It’s the label he utilises most frequently.
C. It’s a label that he occasionally uses.
D. It’s the label that best delineates what he does.
2. Elena indicates that the term ‘pigeonholed’ is harnessed by people who ______.
A. cannot seek proper labels for them
B. prefer to refrain from labelling
C. deprecate the labels they’ve coined
D. resent the application of labels to them from others
3. Marc and Elena agree that a very strong sense of identity can ______.
A. result in the breakdown of workplace relationships
B. compel people to judge others too spontaneously
C. lead to unpreparedness in changing circumstances
D. increase tensions in family life
4. What is Elena’s attitude towards labelling by the media?
A. her contemplation about the social repercussions
B. her humiliation towards its role in the society
C. her intention to make the subject more serious
D. her acceptance of its importance
5. Marc concludes by denoting that labels of identity ______.
A. hinder true individual uniqueness
B. enable the integration of the individual into the society
C. prevent extreme self-obsession in each individual
D. allow each person to prioritise things in life
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a piece of news about the disagreement between Steve Bannon, a
White House strategist and Donald Trump and decide whether the following statements are TRUE or
FALSE. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10pts)
6. To the co-editor of the America Prospect, Steve Bannon calling him to write an article is a turn-up for the
books.
7. Steve’s thoughts on the magazine attracted a lot of attention
8. Steve has already confirmed his espousal of white nationalism.
9. China should be prioritised over other matters by Trump.
10. Steve Bannon said that he wanted to take the public’s attention from Trump’s contentious statement about
Charlottesville.
Your answers
6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F
Part 3. For questions 11-20, listen to a journalist talking about the life of a famous Scottish poet Robert Burns
and complete the following tasks. (20pts)
For questions 11-14, answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Write your
answers in the spaces provided.
12. What did Burns’ enthusiasm for studying turn him into?
An avid reader
14. Besides drinking, what/who did attract his attention as a result of his frustration?
The opossite sex
For questions 15-19, match the following time marks with corresponding events that happened at that
time (A-H). Write your answers in the spaces provided.
A. establishment of relationships with the elite
15. 26 years old: D B. the ultimate downfall in his life
16. 27 years old: G C. the adoption of a wild lifestyle
17. Between 27 and 30 years old: A D. the start of controversy over his children
18. By 1789: E E. a comeback with his ex-wife
19. Amid the 1790s: B F. his increasingly extreme political views
G. the achievement of high status in poetry
H. a return to his position as an Excise Officer
For question 20, answer the question with NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS. Write your answer in the spaces
provided.
20. What were given to Burns upon his burial?
Fulsiver and military honours
Part 4. For questions 21-25, listen to a software advertisement and fill in the missing information with
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10pts)
Ransomware is really a haunting word, making people visualise the image of the whole organisation coming to a
grinding halt.
Some actions cyber penetrators may take:
• Locking up the screen
• Demanding a ransom
• (21) Scripting files .
• Altering Master Boot Record
All of the above actions are taken to coerce the victim into giving criminals a payment.
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In response to this, this software is a(n) (22) multi-layer security solution to ransomware.
This software harnesses sophisticated technology to
• Detect dubious features
• Rollback harmful actions
• (23) block malicous activities
This software can provide a critical first line of defense through a three-pronged approach:
• Checking information
• Checking URLS against an up-to-date list of (24) fixing sites
• Examining and classifying danger signals by dint of the software’s heuristic analysis
Its working principle is monitoring programs and counting on (25) behavioral stream signatures that invigilate a
sequence of actions.
Your answers
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Part 2: The passage below contains 5 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the correction in the
corresponding numbered boxed. Write your answers in the space provided in the column on the right. (5 pts)
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The role of the presenter is currently acting as a deadly weight on the advance of nature television. What’s
more, the argument that personable presenters help draw viewers into shows is now weighed by the fashion for
making them the focus on the programmes. This isn’t confined to macho croc wrestlers and brainless celebrities
looking for a ‘green star’ on their CVs. One of the most awesome pieces of film ever made of British wildlife –
the dusk roosting flights of a million starlings over the Somerset Levels – was all though ruined by the
director’s insistence in interrupting the geometry of the performance every five seconds with a cut-in of the
presenter waving his arms as if he were conducting them, or as if we were incapable of knowing how to
respond without a presenter’s cues.
Your answers
Number Line Mistake Correction
1. 1 deadly dead
2. 2 weighed outweighed
3. 5 all but
4. 3 on of
5. 6 in on
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (5 pts)
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 4. Give the correct form of each bracketed word in the following passage. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts)
Pop art was a(n) (1. CONVENTION)_____________ art style in which (2. COMMON)_____________
objects such as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as subject matter, and were often incorporated
into the work. The pop art movement was largely a British and American cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s
and ‘60s. Art critic Lawrence Alloway, referring to the prosaic (3. ICON)___________ of its painting and
sculpture, named the movement pop art. It represented an attempt to return to a more objective and (4.
UNIVERSE)___________ accepted form of art after the dominance in both the United States and Europe of the
highly personal abstract (5. EXPRESS)_____________. The art form was iconoclastic, rejecting the (6.
SUPREME)___________ of the ‘high art’ of the past and the (7. PRETEND)____________ of other
contemporary avant-garde art. Pop art became a cultural institution because of its close reflection of a particular
social situation and because its easily (8. COMPREHEND)_____________images were immediately exploited by
the mass media. Although the critics of pop art describe it as sensational and non-aesthetic, its proponents saw it
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as an art that was democratic and not (9. DISCRIMINATE)____________, bringing together both connoisseurs
and untrained inexperienced viewers. Even though public reaction to pop art was (10. FAVOR)____________, it
found critical acceptance as a form of art suited to the highly technological, mass media-oriented society of
western countries.
Your answers
1. unconventional 6. supremacy
2. commonplace 7. pretentiousness
3. iconography 8. comprehensible
4. universally 9. discriminatory
5. expressionism 10. unfavourable
Part 2. For questions 11-20, read the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE suitable
words. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
Copying is the (11) ___________of civilization. The oldest copier invented by people is language, by which an
idea of yours become an idea of mine. The second greatest copying machine was writing. When the Sumerians
transposed (12) ___________words into stylus marks on clay table more than 5000 years ago, they hugely
(13) ____________ the human network that language had created. Writing freed copying (14)
____________the chain of living contact. It made ideas permanent, portable and endlessly reproducible. Until
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in the mid-1400s, producing a book in an (15) ___________of
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more than one generally meant writing it out again. Printing with movable type was not copying, however.
Gutenberg couldn’t take a document that already existed, feed it into his printing press and (16) __________off
facsimiles. The first true mechanical copier was manufactured in 1780, when James Watt, who
is better known as the inventor of the modern steam engine, created the modern copying press. (17)
___________ people today know what a copying press was, but you may have seen one in an antiques store,
(18) ____________it was perhaps called a book press. A user took a document freshly written in special ink,
place a moistened sheet of translucent paper against the inked surface and squeezed the two sheets ( 19)
___________in the press, causing some of the ink from the original to penetrate the second sheet, which could
then be read by turning it (20) ____________and looking through its back. The high cost prohibits the
widespread use of this copier.
Your answers:
11. engine 12. spoken 13. extended 14. from 15. edition
16. run 17. Few 18. where 19. together 20. over
Part 3. For questions 21-30, read the following passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D for
each question. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
FORBIDDEN PLANETS
When astronomers discovered the first exoplanet around a normal star 2 decades ago, there was joy—and
bewilderment. The planet, 51 Pegasi b, was half as massive as Jupiter, but its 4-day orbit was impossibly close
to the star, far smaller than the 88-day orbit of Mercury. Theorists who study planet formation could see no way
for a planet that big to grow in such tight confines around a newborn star. It could have been a freak, but soon,
more “Hot Jupiters” turned up in planet searches, and they were joined by other oddities: planets in elongated
and highly tilted orbits, even planets orbiting their stars “backward” - counter to the star’s rotation.
The planet hunt accelerated with the launch of NASA’s Kepler spacecraft in 2009, and the 2500 worlds it has
discovered added statistical heft to the study of exoplanets - and yet more confusion. Kepler found that the
most common type of planet in the galaxy is something between the size of Earth and Neptune - a “superEarth,”
which has no parallel in our solar system and was thought to be almost impossible to make. Now,
ground-based telescopes are gathering light directly from exoplanets, rather than detecting their presence
indirectly as Kepler does, and they, too, are turning up anomalies. They have found giant planets several times
the mass of Jupiter, orbiting their star at more than twice the distance Neptune is from the sun - another region
where theorists thought it was impossible to grow large planets. Other planetary systems looked nothing like
our orderly solar system, challenging the well-worn theories that had been developed to explain it.
(1) Theorists are trying to catch up - coming up with scenarios for growing previously forbidden kinds of
planets, in places once thought off-limits. (2) They are envisioning how planets could form in much more mobile
and chaotic environments than they ever pictured before, where nascent planets drift from wide to arrow orbits or
get ricocheted into elongated or off-kilter paths by other planets or passing stars. (3) “You can discover
something new every day,” says astrophysicist Thomas Henning of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in
Heidelberg, Germany. (4) “It’s a Gold Rush situation.”
The traditional model of how stars and their planets form dates back to the 18th century, when scientists
proposed that a slowly rotating cloud of dust and gas could collapse under its own gravity. Most of the material
forms a ball that ignites into a star when its core gets dense and hot enough. Gravity and angular momentum
herd the leftover material around the protostar into a flat disk. Dust is key to transforming this disk into a set of
planets. The dust, which accounts for a small fraction of the disk’s mass, is made up of microscopic specks of
iron and other solids. As they swirl in the roiling disk, the specks occasionally collide and stick together by
electromagnetic forces. Over a few million years, the dust builds up into grains, pebbles, boulders, and,
eventually, kilometer-wide planetesimals.
At that point gravity takes over, pulling in other planetesimals and vacuuming up dust and gas until planet-sized
bodies take shape. By the time that happens in the inner part of the disk, most of its gas has been strippedaway,
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either gobbled up by the star or blown away by its stellar wind. The dearth of gas means inner planets
remain largely rocky, with thin atmospheres.
But the discovery of hot Jupiters suggested something was seriously amiss with the theory. A planet with an
orbit measured in days travels an extremely short distance around the star, which limits the amount of material
it can scoop up as it forms. It seemed inconceivable that a gas giant could have formed in such a location. The
inevitable conclusion was that it must have formed farther out and moved in.
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A. An outer force help the planet in distant locations to form with incredulous speed
B. Exoplanets must have built up its body elsewhere
C. Distance between the star and the exoplanet is longer than observation
D. The area around the planet is abundant in materials for star formation
Your answers:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Part 4. For questions 31-40, read the following passage and do the following tasks. (10 pts)
The passage has 7 paragraphs. For questions 31-35, choose the correct headings for paragraphs B-F
from the list of headings below. Two paragraphs have been done as an example.
List of headings
i. A possible explanation for why a discovery was made in a particular location
ii. A recent study challenges the arguments of a previously accepted interpretation
iii. Analysis gives away the original locations of the accidentally discovered objects
iv. Documentary evidence that give grounds to the study's initial findings
v. The intended structure of organizing recent study
vi. Evidence suggesting that traders once lived on the Wessel Islands
vii. A long-standing proposition that there are room for further discoveries
viii. The significance of a chance discovery, indiscernible to its discoverer
ix. The objectives of the current study
x. Written and anecdotal evidence of early trade in the region
Paragraph A: ix
31. Paragraph B: VIII
32. Paragraph C: VI
33. Paragraph D: IV
34. Paragraph E: I
35. Paragraph F: VII
Paragraph G: v
AFRICAN COINS
A. In 1770, the explorer James Cook landed on the east coast of Australia and claimed the territory for
Great Britain. It seems that, contrary to popular myth, he may not actually have been the first European
to set foot on the continent. A new expedition, led by an Australian anthropologist, is investigating the
possibility that ancient exploration may have taken place long before Cook and other Europeans ever
journeyed to the continent. The expedition will follow a seventy-year-old treasure map to a sandy beach
where a cache of mysterious ancient coins was discovered in the 1940s. The researchers are setting
out to discover how the coins ended up in the sand; whether they washed ashore following shipwrecks
and whether they can provide more details about ancient trade routes.
B. The coins were originally found by an Australian soldier named Maurie Isenberg, who was stationed in
a remote area known as the Wessel Islands. The Wessel Islands are part of Arnhem Land, a region in
Australia's vast Northern Territory. Isenberg was assigned to a radar station located on the Wessel
Islands, and during his off-duty hours, he often went fishing along the idyllic beaches. One day in 1944,
he came across a few old coins and put them in a tin. He marked the spot where he'd found the coins
with an X on a hand-drawn map, but didn't think that he'd unearthed anything of great note.
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C. Indeed, it wasn't until 1979 that Isenberg sent the coins to be authenticated and learned that some of
them were estimated to be of great age. As it turned out, five of them had been produced in the
sultanate of Kilwa in East Africa and are thought to date back to the twelfth century. Kilwa was a
prosperous trading center in those days, located on an island that is part of present-day Tanzania.
Australian anthropologist Mike Owen, a heritage consultant in Darwin, is leading the upcoming
expedition, and he says that the coins ‘have the capacity to redraft Australian history’. The copper
coins, which were seldom used outside of East Africa, probably held very little monetary value in Kilwa:
'Yet, there they were - on a beach ten thousand kilometers to the east.’
D. Along with the African coins, there were a number of seventeenth and eighteenth-century Dutch coins
in the cache of the type known as duits. The first record of European activity in the islands actually
dates back to 1623, when sailors aboard a Dutch ship called the Wesel gave the islands their current
name. However, oral history from the indigenous Yolngu people who inhabit the islands suggests that
they played host to many visitors over the centuries. The expedition's main researcher is Australian
anthropologist Dr. Ian Mcintosh, who has spoken in depth with the Yolngu people. ‘There was much
talk of the Wessel Islands as a place of intense contact history’, he says.
E. Mcintosh points out that Northern Australia may have drawn early visitors because it lies close to the
terminus of the ancient Indian Ocean trade route that linked Africa's east coast with Arabia, Persia,
India and the Spice Islands (now part of Indonesia). 'This trade route was already very active, a very
long time ago, and this find may be evidence of early exploration by peoples from East Africa or the
Middle East.' According to Mcintosh, the shape of the Wessel Islands serves as a 'big catching arm' for any ships
blown off course, which may point to the coins coming from a shipwreck. or even multiple
shipwrecks.
F. It is difficult to tell whether there was routine contact with the outside world or whether there is any
connection between the Dutch coins and the far older African coins, which may simply have ended up
in the same place, but it is hoped that more evidence may come to light. Adding to the sense of
anticipation is a persistent rumor that, in one of the many caves in the islands, there are more coins
and antique weaponry.
G. The expedition is sponsored by the Australian Geographic Society and intends to follow the handdrawn map
given to them by Isenberg. Included in the team is a geomorphologist, whose task is to
examine how the coastal landscape has changed over time. If shipwrecks are involved, how the coins
washed up may provide clues to the location of a wreck, say the experts. Meanwhile, a heritage
specialist has the job of looking after the documentation and ensuring that the site is protected and
anthropologists working with local indigenous people hope to identify likely sites of contact with foreign
visitors. 'There is great interest on the part of the Yolngu in this project, and in uncovering aspects of
their own past,' says Mcintosh.
For questions 36-40, complete the summary below using information from the passage. You should use NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each blank. Write your answersin the corresponding
numbered boxes.
A team of researchers, including a geomorphologist (36), anthropologists and heritage specialist, has recently set
up an expedition to shed light on the myth of whether or not James Cook was the first European to reach
Australia as well as to gain more insight into age-old trade routes. Their final destination was a sandy beach in
which the
mystical coins are situated. There was a co-existence of two types of coins: African coins and Dutch coins (37).
The former was uncovered in 1944 by Isenberg, a soldier, along the scenic beaches where he was strolling in his
free time. Their formation can be traced back to twelfth century (38) in a flourishing hub of business transaction
and those were made of copper. Such was their significance that they can make the Australian history undergo a
complete transformation. As for the latter, its appearance on Australia may be elucidated through the evidence
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of a Dutch ship whose name was later given to the island. This island, due to its geographical feature, becomes
a big-catching arm (39) for ill-fated ships. Though the link between the two remains obscure, there may possibly
exist more coins and antique weaponry (40) on this island.
Your answers:
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