Name: DAMIAN, Wayne Year & Section: BSN-1C

LOPEZ, Krissel Tisha Date Submitted: November 05, 2020

RAQUENIO, Trisha Dianne Score: __________
RESPICIO, Shirela Jacquias
VICTA, Kyle

Exercise 3

WATER PROPERTIES

I. OBJECTIVES
 To know and understand water as a solvent.
 To observe the polarity of water
 To know what solvent is better for ionic substances

II. MATERIALS
Glass wares & Quantity Chemicals & Quantity Apparatus & Quantity
1. 2 250mL Beaker 1. 300 mL Water 1. 2 spoons (improvised
stirring rod)
2. 1 Bowl (improvised 2. 1 pinch of Salt 2. 1-coin dropper
petri dish)
3. 1 Shot Glass 3. Detergent 3. 2 cotton buds
4. Dishwashing Liquid 4. 1 cup
5. A drop of Printer Ink 5. Phone Timer
6. Oil 6. 1 bond paper
III. PROCEDURE

a. SOLUBILITY
Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve another substance. (Remember: the
chemical being dissolved is the solute and the chemical doing the dissolving is the solvent!).
Water is a good solvent, especially for ionic compounds – salt is an ionic compound.

1. Put a pinch of salt in the water that is already in the beaker.

2. Stir vigorously for 1 minute. Record what happens?

Documentation
Results:

When salt is mixed with water, the salt dissolves, which then results in a homogeneous
solution. The molecules of the salts are attracted to the water molecules and water, having a
covalent bond breaks the ionic bonds of salt. Therefore, salt is soluble in water.

3. The beaker with oil already has salt in it. Stir vigorously for 1 minute. Record what happens?

Documentation

Results:

When salt is added with oil, the salt does not dissolve. Oil is a nonpolar substance, which means
that it does not contain any net charge and it is non-reactive while salt molecules are charged.
Therefore, salt molecules did not break down in oil, resulting it to not dissolve.

4. Which is a better solvent for an ionic substance like salt …. water? or oil? (i.e. is it the non-
polar oil? or is it the polar water?)

Results:

Water is known as the universal solvent because of its polarity while oil does not have
any net charge making it non-reactive. Ionic substances like salt are highly soluble in polar
substance. Hence, the better solvent for ionic substance such as salt is a polar substance like
water. Molecules of water pull apart the sodium and chloride ions of, breaking the ionic bond
that binds the two molecules together. As a result, salt dissolves and dispersed in water.

b. SURFACE TENSION
Because each water molecule is polar, the water molecules are highly attracted to one
another. This is especially true at the surface, where the water is much more attracted to itself
than it is attracted to the air…It almost seems like water can form a skin on the surface this is
called surface tension…

1. Pour a small amount of water on a Petri dish, sprinkle the surface with some pepper….
2. Observe the pepper floating on the surface of the Petri dish.

3. Take the Q-tip from the soapy water and barely touch it to the center of the surface of the
peppery water in the center of the dish.

4. Record what happened to the pepper? & 5. Why do you think this happened?

Results: (Insert some documentation like a photo of your actual performance.)

When I poured the pepper in the water it floated, and it is because of surface tension of
the water and when I soak the cotton buds without a dishwashing liquid the pepper was in
contact with it. After that, I soak the cotton buds with a dishwashing liquid and then the surface
tension of the water gets ruptured and the bulged part of the water spreads out. This means that
water molecules on the surface are pulled towards the edge of the bowl and when the cotton buds
with dishwashing liquid had a contact with the water the surface tension breaks and the top most
part of it spreads out. And in the process the pepper was running away. This happened because
the surface tension pulls the top of the water together like a skin, so the water bulges up a bit.
Surface tension is the result of the strong attraction between molecules in a liquid. Water has an
unusually high surface tension compared with most other liquids because water molecules are
very strongly attracted to each other. This strong attraction allows the water to bulge up a bit and
makes some insects to skate on its surface.

c. ADHESION
1. How many drops of water can pile on a peso before it overflows? (Insert some
documentation like a photo of your actual performance.)

Results

According to the activity that has been performed, it took 12 drops of water before it
overflows. The plain tap water produces a much larger, stable drop of water on top of the coin
than the soapy water does. This is because plain tap water has higher surface tension, so the
surface is "stronger" and can hold together a larger drop.

2. With your finger, spread one small drop of detergent on the surface of a dry peso.
3. How many drops do you think this peso will hold after being smeared with detergent, more,
less, or the same as before? Why?
Results: (Insert some documentation like a photo of your actual performance.)

Adding detergent lowers the water’s surface tension so the drop becomes weaker and breaks
apart sooner. Making water molecules stick together less is what helps soaps clean dishes and
clothes more easily. It took 8 drops of water only before it overflows.

d. The Climbing Property of Water

Water moves to the tops of tall trees due to capillary action combined with root pressure
and evaporation from the stomata (openings) in the leaves. Water will also climb up paper,
 and often the migrating water will carry other molecules along with it. The distance traveled
by these other molecules will vary with their mass and charge.
1. Prepare 50 ml graduated cylinder, with a torn off strip of chromatography paper that is
just long enough to hang over the side of
the cylinder (inside) and reach to the
bottom.
2. A single small drop of ink from a black
vis-a-vis pen was placed on the paper
about one inch from the bottom, and it
dried completely.
3. Then 10mL of water was added to the
gradated cylinder so the bottom end of
the paper below the ink was in the water.
4. Note the time the paper was placed in the
water. How does the ink change?
5. How long did it take the water to climb to
the top?
6. What was the rate of water flow up the
paper? ______cm/min.

Results: (Insert some documentation like a photo of your actual performance.)

4.Note the time the paper was placed in the water. How does the ink change?
- After being soaked in the water for 2 minutes, the ink starts to spread thoroughly.

5.How long did it take the water to climb to the top?

- It took 12 minutes and 6 seconds after the water reached the top.

6.What was the rate of water flow up the paper? ______cm/min.

- On the first minute the rate of water flow up to the paper is 2.54cm, suddenly it slowed down
on the remaining minutes.

Result
 - Since we did not have chromatography paper and graduated cylinder, we used some
materials that can be found at home. However, lack of materials did not hold us back
from learning something in this activity. Capillary action has been seen in this activity
where the rise of a liquid is seen in the paper in the glass. The climbing effect is created
because of the adhesion of the water to another surface. Just like the trees, they do bring
water at the top and that is the reason why trees do not die.

IV.Conclusion
The most abundant compound on Earth is water. Water has many properties, and some of
these are adhesion, surface tension, capillary action, and its solubility.
Many substances dissolve in water, so it was referred as the universal solvent. It has a
polar molecule; thus, it is a better solvent for polar substances like salt. Molecules of water are
highly attracted to one another due to its polarity and as a result, surface tension will occur.
Hydrophobic substances like pepper will not dissolve in water, thus it will float. And if soap or
detergent was added to water with pepper, the surface tension will be reduced, resulting the
water to pull the pepper away from the soap because of their strong attraction. Water molecules
are attracted to one another due to its adhesion property also. Tap water has higher and stronger
surface tension than water with detergent, so a coin can hold together larger drop. The movement
of water within an absorbing material is called the capillary action of water. This property arises
due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. When paper with ink exposed to a
water (solvent), the solvent traveled up the paper, making the ink dissolves and spread.
To wrap it all up, the solubility, adhesion, surface tension and capillary action of water
were studied. These properties proved that water is a unique compound and essential to life.