Lesson 2.

Pure Substances
Objective
At the end describe pure substances,
of the 1 elements, and compounds.
lesson, you
should be
able to:
 Learn about It!

Pure substances
• It is homogeneous or has one
phase.
• It has defined and unique set of
properties.
• Its composition does not vary
from sample to sample
• There are two classifications:
elements and compounds
 Learn about It!

Elements
• Elements are made up of only one type of atom.
• It can exist as having single atoms or molecules made up of
one type of atom.

gold copper sulfur

 Learn about It!

Elements
• Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances
even with the use of physical and chemical means.
• However, elements can be transformed to other elements
by nuclear reactions.

ionizing radiation symbol for nuclear reactions

 Learn about It!

Elements
• An element can exist as a single atom or a molecule of only
one type of atom.
• Helium (He), sodium (Na), copper (Cu) and gold (Au) are
single atom elements.
• Hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), sulfur (S8) and nitrogen (N2) are
molecular elements.
 Learn about It!

Elements
• The periodic
table of
elements
arranges the
elements in a
tabular manner
with respect to
their chemical
properties.
 Learn about It!

Compounds
• A compound is made up of
two or more elements that
are chemically combined.
• A chemical reaction is a
process in which the atoms
rearranges and forms
chemical bonds with each
other.
 Learn about It!

Compounds
• The formation of a compound follows the law of definite
composition, which states that regardless the source or
amount a pure compound will always have the same ratio
of each element.

Shells which contain Limestones which contain

calcium carbonate calcium carbonate
 Learn about It!

Compounds
• Compounds can be broken down into elements or simpler
substance by chemical means.
• Electrolysis is an example of a process which uses
electricity to break down a compound to its corresponding
elements.

An electrolytic cell setup

 Learn about It!

Compounds
• A chemical formula is a shorthand way of writing
compounds. It shows the elements and the number of
atoms of each element per unit compound.

H2 O NaCl CO2
Key Points

1 Matter is anything that occupies space and mass.

● A pure substance is homogeneous. It has a definite

2 composition and unique set of properties. There are two
types of pure substances – elements and compounds.
Key Points

● An element is composed of only one kind of atom. It is

the simplest form of pure substance. Elements are
3 presented in a systematic and organized way in a periodic
table.

A compound is a composed of two or more elements

4 combined chemically and by fixed proportion by mass.
 Check Your Understanding

Classify the following compounds as element or

compound.
1. fluorine
2. sugar
3. platinum
4. aluminum
5. silica
 Challenge Yourself

Look at the label of one product found at your

home. List the components of the product. Which of
the following components is an element or a
compound?
 Photo Credits

● Slide 4: This file, photo of gold crystal (Gold-crystals) by Heinrick Pniok is licensed under CC BY-SA
3.0 DE via Wikimedia Commons ; Photo of native copper (native copper) by Jonathan Zander
(Digon3) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons ; Photo of sulfur: Sulfur2 by
Thollars assumed (based on copyright claims) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons
● Slide 10: This file, photo of electrolytic cell (Electrolytic cell charge) by RodEz2 is licensed under CC
BY-SA 3.0 DE via Wikimedia Commons
 Bibliography
Brown, Theodore L. 2004. Chemistry: The Central Science (11th ed). Singapore: Pearson Education (Asia)
Pte Ltd.

Chang, Raymond. 2010. Chemistry (10th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Koppenol, W.H. “Naming of New Elements (IUPAC Recommendation 2002)”. Pure Applied Chemistry.
74(2002):787-791.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. “ IUPAC Announces the Names of 113, 115, 117 and
118”. Accessed April 20, 2017.
https://iupac.org/iupac-announces-the-names-of-the-elements-113-115-117-and-118/

Padolina, Ma. Cristina D, et al. 2004, Conceptual and Functional Chemistry: Modular Approach. Philippines:
Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

Pavico, Ma. Josefina, F. 2013. Exploring Life through Science: The New Grade 7. Philippines: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.