Pronounce It Perfectly in English (PDFDrive)

in ENGLISH
SECOND EDITION
by Jean Yates, M.A.

Georgetown University
BARRON'S EDUCATIONAL SERIES, INC.

Double
The
The Sound
Sound low
luw
lal
lul
Iliuw
lei /II
Consonants
Ilrel
leal
1-;)1
lreowI
Ish/,
Is/,
18/,/01
al
Ihl
AI
TheSounds/p/,/bl
CONTENTS Sounds/k/,
Sounds
liy Im/,
Ieiy
Iw/,
oiy
aiyII,II Irl
Ichi,
It/,
If
11/, Izl
Idl
Iv Izhl
Igl
Iyl
In/, v
I Ijl IIJI 141
133
135
109
46
50
84
94
98
34
39
61
90
11
15
18
9
127
116
56
21
24
28
32
42
52
67
7
3
77
43
14
17
5
6
15
16
24
12
13
19
23
27
10
11
22
25
20
218930
26
2729
28 1
PART
PARTONE:
Two: ENGLish
ENGLishVowEl SOUNds Unit
18
CONSONANTSOUNds
Acknowledgement: The quotation from MYFAIR LADY on page 40, Introduction
by permission of the Estate of Alan Jay Lerner © 1956 by Alan Jay
Lerner and Frederick Loewe.
© Copyright 2005,1995 by Barron's Educational Series, Ine.
All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat,
microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any
information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the
written permission of the copyright owner.
All inquiries should be addressed to:

Barron's Educational Series, Ine.
250 Wireless Boulevard
Hauppauge, NY 11788
http://www.barronseduc.com
International Standard Book No.

0-7641-2817-5 (book only),
0-7641-7749-4 (full package)
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 2004050227
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Yates,Jean.
Pronounce it perfectly in English / byJean Yates - 2nd ed.
p. em.
ISBN 0-7641-2817-5 (book: alk. paper)-
ISBN 0-7641-7749-4 (book/4 CDs)
1. English language-Pronunciation-Problems,
exercises, etc. 1.Title.
PEI137.Y38 2004
4~8.S1'3-dc22 2004050227
PR£'.1ED I~ CHINA
9S/6543~
CD 1
TRACK 1
31 Syllables and Stress -.

, .. . . 145
I -,<
32 TwoSylIable Words - - - -
''I46
Words with Three or ~ore:$dables154 _ -- Tbe god of "perfect pronunciation"i s not to take your
33
34 OneSyllable Prefixes 159
35 Two-Syllable Prefixes* 161 -
36 Suffixes .=I63 k so that people listen to what you
37 Sentence Stress 169 7,
not how you say it. The god is to be understood the
ething, and to be confident and
This book and tape are designed 'to help you pro-
38 Greetings
nounce English words, phrases, and sentences correctly,
39 Statements
40 Questions
41 Counting and Listing
e materials are organized to help you get through
44 Options
maze of English spelling so that you will h o w how to
glish spelling reflects the his-
how they are pronounced. ,
More Words to Practice spelling of the vowel sounds, in particular, is an unre-
Pronunciation Differences e guide to their pronunciation. Also, many vowel and
When the Letter a Is Added they are simply not pro-
to a OneSyIlable Word
recede them, and these

nges are not reflected in the spelling. Native speakers
not even notice these changes, but make them autm
tically. You wilI learn to do the same thing.
Appendix. Each sound is considered separately, by

ere are instructions and
grams to show you how the sound i s made. Examples
given of the sound in all possible positions in a word
phrase, and examples are given of all possible spellings
the sound. The unique stress and intonation patterns
English, which often carry meaning, are described in
tail, with examples for practice. The CDs include all of
1
these examples, modeled by native speakers, with pauses The pronunciation symbols used by The American
provided so that you can repeat them. The book and CDs Heritage Dictionary, The Random House Dictionary, The
also include exercises, quizzes, and practice materials to Merriam- Webster Dictionary, The Oxford Dictionary, and
help you make sure you are hearing and producing the Longman's Dictionary appear below, so that you may use
sounds correctly. this book as a pronunciation guide for any new word you
As the pronunciation of grammatical markers is vital look up in your own dictionary.
for understanding, there are sections entitled "Usage
Guide to Symbols
Tips" throughout the materials. Pay particular attention to
these sections. If you are Unit
a19beginner, or have trouble mak-
gAuow I I¢II
eg
td
;)
oiy
eiy
ch
wy
aiy
mnl]
kg
pb m0ii
sshrz jzh
Ieiyh65
uw
iuwa:
aa:ow
fv 1gU
50
sh
oi
th
ju
J3
ch tou
s600
aaa
ekgiu
66
fv
hh uwj
a:a
auow
11Ikgkg
UW
iYg65
ege
;)
:)1
pb
Heritage
sit6ui00
epb
50
hfvfv
wyeI
at sh
tkg
mnT]
A m ou
1fv
oiay50
House
gd3 ch wy gktd
sh uiep
6ch
mnl)
itths'g
ayii
fv
wy
Webster
American t1aw
oi
drdew
Merriam
ch ii50
zieotau
sma6pb
ah
e00zugib
htd
sh
ii jznth
hrnin
zh rjyzth
zh zh
jdh
ngzhngg g
njng Oxford
27
25
15
24
269
2
12
10
13
16
4
6
7
18
14
17
5
11
22
28
29
21
20
233
8
1 Barron's I longman's I Random
ing yourself understood, do these sections first, and con-
tinue to practice them.
Do not be discouraged if at first you do not hear the
differences in sounds. You can train yourself to hear
them. Follow the instructions for making the sounds;
check yourself by looking in the mirror; tape-record your
voice. Practice making the differences and you will begin
to hear them.
The book and CDs are coordinated so that you can use
them separately or together. To improve your understand-
ing of English spelling and your recognition of written
words, listen to the CDs while looking at the words and
sentences in the book. When you listen to the recording
without the book, simply repeat the examples during the
pauses provided for writing, and do the written exercises
later.
The symbols used to represent each sound are based on
those of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Because
many English vowel sounds are combinations of sounds,
they are represented here by combinations of symbols.
This is intended to help the learner form these sounds by
combining their individual parts.
vi vii
PART ONE
ENGLislt VOWEL
SouNds
UNiT ONE
TilE SOUNd lal
Every vowel sound represents a syllable in a word.
Syllables are either emphasized and "stressed," or
weak and "unstressed."
Introducing the Sound
There are 17 different vowel sounds in English.
We begin with the vowel sound jaj for several reasons:
They all have "voice," which occurs as the vocal
cords vibrate. • it is the most common vowel sound in English;
most words of more than one syllable contain this
The tongue does not touch other parts of the
sound in the softer, or unstressed, syllable,
mouth, teeth, or lips.
• many one-syllable words are pronounced with
The vowel sounds differ by this sound,
• the distance between the lips
• it can be spelled with any of the five vowel letters,
• the shape of the lips and also with combinations of letters,
• the length of time the sound is held • it is an important sound for certain grammatical
The vowel sounds are ordered in this book accord- markers (see pages 73,105,146),
ing to how open the mouth is. The first sound, jaj, is • native speakers automatically know when to pro-
made with the mouth almost closed. As the lessons
nounce this sound, without being told why or in
progress, the mouth gradually opens. The final what circumstances,
sound, jaiyj, is made with the mouth wide open.
• pronouncing this vowel sound correctly is one of
To pronounce each vowel correctly, follow these the most important skills necessary for clear com-
steps: munication.
• Look in the mirror.
The sound jaj is easy to pronounce. To make it,
• Compare your mouth with each diagram. simply open your mouth very slightly, and make a
• Make short sounds quickly. noise. It does not sound like a formed vowel, and it
• Count to two, silently, for long sounds. isn't. The lips and tongue are relaxed, and the voice
makes a short, soft noise. (See Figure 1.)
lal in Unstressed Syllables
,
;
Figure 1.
The sound /;)/
•••••
4 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTLy iN ENGLisll UNiT ONE: TilE SOUNd lal 5
However, it takes a lot of practice to know when to ExAMPLES'

use this sound. As it can be spelled in so many differ-
doesn't (does-8nt)
ent ways, we have printed in light blue italics the
isn't (is-8nt)
letters that are pronounced with this sound in the
hasn't (has-8nt)
Examples and Exercise sections throughout this
wasn't (was-8nt)
book. This w,ill identify the sound while preserving
haven't (hav-8nt)
the correct s'pelling of the words. When you see a
didn't (did-8nt)
vowel ideptified this way, pronounce it as softly and as
hadn't (had-8nt)
quickly as you can, giving it no emphasis.
shouldn't (should-~nt)
Listen to the following examples of words with the
wouldn't (would-~nt)
sound /a/ in unstressed syllables and repeat them
couldn't (could-8nt)
after the speaker.
The consonant-vowel sequence k, especially at the

EXAMPLES
/;}/ in first so-da

meth-od
cup-board
syr-up
sta-tion
u-ni-ver-sal
pi-geon
den-im
/a/ in second syllable
ga-ra-ges syllables /;}/ in other
o-ca-sion-al-Iy
pan-o-ra-ma
poi-son-ous
cap-tain
o-pen
par-tial end of a word, is usually pronounced ~l. Listen to
the following examples, and repeat them after the
speaker.
EXAMPLES __ . - .- -
able (a-b81)
capable (cap-a-b81 )
suitable (suit-a-b~l
In addition to being spelled by all the vowel letters
and combinations of letters, the /a/ sound can also
be pronounced when there is no vowel at all. Listen Usage Tip
to the following examples, and repeat them after the • The words !!, an, and the are articles, unstressed
speaker. words that occur before nouns and adjective-
noun combinations. Say them quickly, without
EXAMPLES •. ' ._
emphasis. Pronounce the vowel as /a/.
prism (pris-8m) Listen to the following examples of articles con-
socialism (so-cial-is-8m) taining the /a/ sound, and repeat them after the
nationalism (na-tion-al-is-~m ) speaker.
EXAMPLES ~
In certain contractions (see also pages 119, 120),
the /a/ sound is pronounced at the same time as the a book an apple (p~l) the book
/n/ sound. Listen to the following examples, and a cat an orange the cat
repeat them after the speaker. a dog a n ice cube the dog
the universe
6 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT Two
(When the occurs before a word beginning with a TIlE SouNd III
vowel sound, the!;. is pronounced liy I. (See Unit

Four, page II.)
tal in Stressed Syllables To make the /II sound, lower your jaw slightly. The
When I a I is followed by the consonant I r I, it can lips are relaxed and are about % inch (6 mm) apart.
be the prominent, or stressed vowel of a word. In the (See Figure 2.)
examples that follow, and throughout the rest of this The sound is short.
book, the sound that is being introduced will be
printed in boldface type.
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
speaker.
EXAMPLES
urn earn
bird
work
yearns
worm
girl
heard
syr-up
first
nerve tourn-a-ment
Figure 2.
The sound III

speaker.
Practice for Mastery EXAMPLES
Listen to the following sentences that feature the if pretty

busy
symbol
English
gym sieve women
miss
sound la/, and repeat them after thein speaker. big
build
EXAMPLES
I heard her journey was worth the worry.

The sugar was the color of earth.
The early bird gets the worm.
Continue to practice this sound while learning the

rest of the vowel sounds. Remember that the lal
sound will be written in italics when it occurs in
unstressed syllables.
7
8 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTly iN ENGlislt
UNiT ThREE
Practice for Mastery TilE SouNd lul
Listen to the following sentences featuring the
vowel sound /1/ and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES· Introducing the Sound
Jim is in the picture. This vowel is formed by keeping the jaw slightly
Miss Smith is thin. open. The lips are 1. inch (6 mm) apart and pushed
Bring chicken for dinner. outward to make an open circle. (See Figure 3.)
Listen to this ridiculous list. The sound is short.
The pretty women are busy in the gym.
Figure 3.
The sound Iul

speaker.
EXAMPLES····· ...•
put look could woman

push book would wolf
Practice for Mastery

sound /u/, and repeat them after the speaker.
•••
10 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt
UNiT FOUR
-----'
-----:
EXAMPLES
TIlE SouNd liyl !
Look in the cookbook for a good pudding.
He would if he could.
It should be good wool. Introducing the Sound
The woman took a good look at the wolf.
To make this sound, set your lips % inch (1 em)
apart. Widen your lips into a big smile. (See Figure 4.)
The sound is long. Count to two silently to be sure
it is long enough.
Figure 4.
The sound /iy/
Listen to the following examples and repeat them

after the speaker.
be chassis
fear
ski
either amoeba
receive
niece
suite debris
chamois
key
honey
people police
bee
sweet
we
he
marry see
happy cheap
11
12 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT FouR: TItE SouNd liyl 13
Usage Tips EXAMPLES
• The ~ in the article the is pronounced liy I when sweetie Susie daddy
it is followed by a word beginning with a vowel cutie
sound. Bobby mommy

speaker. Practice for Mastery
EXAMPLES Listen to the following sentences featuring the
the ocean
I
,"owelsound liy and repeat them after the speaker.
the apple the orange
the elephant the onion the umpire EXAMPLES
the ice
Jeannie, do yOlt see the bees?
please freeze the peas.
I
• The liy sound, spelled y at the end of a word Neither he nor she believes me.
often indicates an adjective. We can easily read the agreement.
speaker.
Contrasting Sound Practice
Compare the sound /II from Unit Two with the
sound liy I, by repeating the following words after
the speaker.
• Adverbs often end in the syllable !y, pronounced EXAMPLES
lliy I. III III seat

cease
deed
leave
beet
reach
feast
deem
meal
he's
seen,
heel,
leak,
leap
sheep heal,
liyl leek
liyl
reap
peak,peek
deep
peel,
cheap peal dim
rich
fist
sis
sin
scene
his
he'll
pick
dip
I chip
ship
mill
did
sit
bitthem after the
hill
live
Listen to the examples and repeatlick
lip
rip
pill
speaker.
EXAMPLES
nicely quickly slowly

plainly sweetly clearly
• A final liy I sound after a name can indicate

endearment or informality.
speaker.
14 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLislt
Now listen to several sentences that feature both

sounds, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Sixsheep were sick on the ship.

Jim eats cheap chips.
He leavesme this measlylittle meal.
•
UNiT FivE
Tit E Sou Nd luw I
To make the /uw / sound, keep the mouth slightly

open and the lips % inch (1 em) apart. The lips are
She's as thin as he is. tense, and pushed forward into a small circle. (See
Please peel the beets and string the beans. Figure 5.)
The sound is long.
Recognition Practice
The speaker will pronounce five words featuring
these sounds. During the pauses, circle the word you
hear. If it is not convenient for you to write at this
time, use the pauses to repeat the words after the
speaker, then complete the written exercise later. The
correct answers appear below.
EXERCISE
1. sin scene·. Figure 5.

2. live· leave The sound luwl
3. his' he's'y
4. hill . he'll.- Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
5. sit seat, ;, speaker.
EXAMPLES
Dictation Practice rheumatism
loose new
do blue
due
choose
rude
flu flew
food
through
soup lieu Tuesday
juice
who
Now the speaker will pronouncelose
shoe five wordstwo
featur-
ing these two sounds. During the pauses, write each canoe
word on a piece of paper. If it is not convenient for
you to write at this time, use the pauses to repeat the
words after the speaker, then complete the written
exercise later. The correct answers appear below.
Answers to Exercises
Recognition Practice, scene, live, his, he'll, seat
Dictation Practice, dip, meal, reach, sin, he's
15
16 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNit FivE: TkE SouNd luwl 17
Practice for Mastery Recognition Practice

Listen to the following sentences featuring the The speaker will pronounce five words. In your
sound luw I and repeat them after the speaker. book, circle the ones you hear, or repeat them now
and do the written exercise later. The correct answers
EXAMPLES appear below.
Sue knew the truth. EXERCISE
Choose blue for the new room.
It blooms soon, in June. 1. hood • who'd
The news is too gloomy. 2. full • fool
3. wood wooed
4. nook nuke
Contrasting Sound Practice 5. stood stewed
Now compare the sound lul from Unit Three with
the sound luw I. Listen and repeat each word after
the speaker.
Dictation Practice
Write the next five words recorded on the CD on a
EXAMPLES
nuke
nook stewed
luwl
cookie
Iul
kooky
pool
pull who'd
wooed
luwl
fool piece of paper, or repeat them during the pauses and
Iul write the exercise later. The correct answers appear
below.
Keep in mind that learning to make the sounds
correctly and practicing them will help you to hear
their differences.
Spelling Challenge
Now repeat the following sentences, which feature
both vowel sounds. Four sentences contammg words with tricky
spelling are next recorded on the CD. Write them
down during the pauses, then check your work below.
EXAMPLES-
If it is not convenient for you to write at this time,
Lou couldn't fool Sue. repeat the sentences during the pauses, and write
Stu wouldn't move the cooking school. them later.
The good pool room is booked for Tuesday
at noon. Answers to Exercises
The cook stood and looked at his new shoes. Recognition Practice, hood, full, wooed, nook, stewed
Dictation Practice, who'd, stood, pool, would, full
Spelling Challenge, I see a big woman and two little women.
We drank sweet juice in the hotel suite. It's good food.
Don't shoot him in the foot.
UNiT Six: TkE SouNd liuwl 19
UNiT Six
TItE SouNd liuwl Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
speaker.
EXAMPLES
figure union medium accurate
The /iuw / sound is a combination of the sounds
failure usually accusation
/iy/ and /uw/. The lips are % inch (1 cm) apart.
immunize
Begin with the lips spread into a big smile, then push
them forward into a circle. (See Figure 6.) canyon
The sound is short. your
Usage Tip
The article;! is used before words that begin with a
consonant sound, while an is used before those that
begin with a vowel sound. vVhile!! and eu are vowels,
when they are pronounced /iuw /, they actually begin
with the consonant sound /y/ (see page 137). For
this reason, use the article ;! (pronounced /a/)
instead of an before words beginning with /iuw /.
Figure 6. Listen to the examples, and repeat them after the
The sound liuwl
speaker.
EXAMPLES
speaker.
!! pronounced as a vowel
EXAMPLES an umbrella
use view
few
yew
beauty feud an understanding
you
music hue an understatement
an ugly situation
an unusual occurrence
!! pronounced as /iuw /
When /iuw / occurs in unstressed syllables,the sec- a union
ond sound of the combination changes from /uw / to a use
/a/. Begin with the lips % inch apart, and make the a useful gadget
/iy / sound. Move the lips to the almost-closed and a utility
a usual occurrence
relaxed position of /a/.
18
20 PRONOUNCE
~ pronounced
a eulogy
a European
IT PERFECTly
as liuw I
a euphoric sensation
a euphemism (isdm)
iN ENGlislt
•
------------------------------------------------------

UNiT SEVEN
TJtE SOUNd IAI
To make this sound, keep the mouth slightly open,

with lips about % inch (1 cm) apart. (See Figure 7.)
The sound is short.
EXAMPLES
This is a universal truth.

It is a university in New York.
They will form a union.
This is a usual occurrence.

sound liuw I, and repeat them after the speaker.
Figure 7.
The sound fA!
EXAMPLES ~~~ ~ .. ~
A few beauties were in the picture. Listen to the following examples and repeat them
Your cues are confusing. after the speaker.
He was accused of abuse.
Are you used to using the computer? EXAMPLES •...•
up cousin does
under trouble (bdl)
rough was
love
done flood
son blood

sound I AI and repeat them after the speaker.
21
22 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT SEVEN: TIlE SouNd IAI 23
EXAMPLES EXERCISE
Buffy cut up the shrubs. 1. look luck

The dust is under the rug. 2. took tuck
The mother won some of the money, but 3. put putt
not enough. 4. could cud
I'd love to come on Sunday if it's sunny. 5. put putt
Contrasting Sound Practice Dictation Practice

To compare the lul from Unit Three with the Write the next five words recorded on the CD on a
sound I AI, listen to the following words and repeat piece of paper, or repeat them during the pauses and
them after the speaker. write the exercise later. The correct answers appear
below.
EXAMPLES
lut IAI lut IAI

Spelling Challenge
took tuck Three sentences that have words with tricky
put putt
look luck could cud spelling are next recorded on the CD. Listen to each
book buck one carefully, then write it down during the pause.
Check your sentences below.
Now listen to sentences that feature both vowel Answers to Exercises

sounds, and repeat them after the speaker. Recognition Practice, luck, took, putt, could, put
Dictation Practice, luck, took, book, could, buck
EXAMPLES
Spelling Challenge, Stop rushing and pushing. The bus is busy.
The poodle stood in a puddle of blood.
Could you put a tuck in the front?
Look at us for good luck.
The bus looks good, but it's fun on foot.
The hooded one looks tough.
Five words featuring these sounds are recorded on
the CD. Circle below the words you hear. The correct
answers are on page 23.
--------------------------------------------~
UNiT EiGltT ---_
TIlE SouNd leI
---- - ExAMPLES
25
Send Ben for his friend.

Let's rent a tent.
Introducing the Sound Esther never gets upset.
To make this sound, lower your jaw slightly. The Fred said it again and again.
lips are tense and spread outward in a half-smile,
about I. inch (1.3 em) apart. (See Figure 8.)
The sound is short. Contrasting Sound Practice
To compare the /1/ sound from Unit Two with the
sound lei, listen to the following words and repeat
them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
IIi rest
leI
bedsex
met
mess
ten
fell
left
led,
peck
begslept mitt
leI lead
gem IIi
tin
fill
six
slipped
gym
lid
lift
miss
big
wrist
bid
pick
Figure 8.
The sound lei

after the speaker.
Now repeat the following sentences which feature

EXAMPLES both vowel sounds.
egg head
said
meadow
aleopa
gain
friend
rd heife r
guest
bury
can
EXAMPLES
Pick a peck of pickled peppers.

Ed slipped and fell in the gym.
Evelyn missed the best bid.
Peg slept from six 'til ten, then left.

sound / e/ and repeat them after the speaker.
24
26 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk 27
Recognition Practice ExAMPLES
Five words featuring these sounds are recorded on liyl seed

seesmen
bleed
lei reed
liylfell
guess
bet
head
sealing,
read, lei
bled
says
said
ceiling
red, read
selling
mean
the CD. Circle below the words
feel you
he'd, hear, then check
beat, heed
geese beet
them on page 27.
EXERCISE
1. lid led
2. big beg
3. slipped slept Listen to several sentences that feature these two
4. gym gem sounds, and repeat them after the speaker.
5. lift left
EXAMPLES
Please feed the pets and weed the beds.

Dictation Practice He said he'd eat the red meat.
She says she fell and she's bleeding.
Five words that contain these sounds are recorded
Steve guessed he'd been seen in the shed.
on the CD. Write them during the pauses, then check
thcm on page 27. If you have several errors, practice
Units Two and Eight again.
If you do not hear the difference between the two Five words featuring these sounds are recorded
next on the CD. Circle below the ones you hear. The
vowel sounds, do not be discouraged. By making
correct answers appear below.
the sounds correctly, putting your lips and jaw in
the positions described, you will begin to hear the EXERCISE
difference.
1. teen ten
men
head
sell
guess
3.
2. heed
5. mean
4. seal
Spelling Challenge geese
Three sentences containing words with tricky
spelling are recorded next on the CD. During the
pauses, write them down on a piece of paper. Check
them on page 27.
Dictation Practice
Now compare liy I from Unit Four with the sound
lei. Listen to the examples and repeat them after the Now the speaker will pronounce five words featur-
speaker. ing these sounds. Write the words on a piece of paper,
then check your answers with the list below.
Recognition Practice, p. 26 lid, big, slept, gem, left
Dictation Practice, p. 26 tin, miss, pick, bed, six
Spelling Challenge, The queen has been seen. He's the truest guest.
Betty is pretty already.
Recognition Practice, ten, mean, head, seal, geese
Dictation Practice, said, wrecks, feel, he'd or heed, guess
....•
UNiT NiNE -- UNiT NiNE: TkE SouNd lowl 29
TIlE SouNd lowl Practice for Mastery

I
sound low and repeat them after the speaker.
To pronounce lowl, with your lips about ~ inch EXAMPLES
(1.3 cm) apart, round them into a circle. Begin the Oh no, don't go!
sound, then move your lips into a smaller circle. (See Show Joe the snowmobile.
Figure 9.) Flo chose to row the old boat.
The sound is long. Throw your stole over your shoulder.
The low I followed by the consonant Irl is slightly

different. When rounding your lips, push them out-
ward, awayfrom the top teeth, making the Ir I sound.
(See page 111.)
speaker.
EXAMPLES
or board
door
toward
four
drawer
soar
Figure 9. pour
The sound lowl for
warm
wore
war poor

speaker.
EXAMPLES
over mauve
oh
hoe
groan
yeoman
sew
soul
stone bone
shoulder faux
owner brooch Practice for Mastery
though
28 Listen to the following sentences featuring the
sound lor I, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Your war stories are boring.

He wore shorts to the store.
Pour four more quarts.
Morton's court report was short.
31
I
30 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT NiNE: TItE SouNd lowl

Now compare /A/ from Unit Seven, with jowl. Now write the next five words recorded on the CD
Listen to the words and repeat them after the speaker. on a piece of paper. Check your answers below.
EXAMPLES Spelling Challenge

!AI comb
roam
note
cope rshun
lowl
chrome
robe
lowl
rogue
home
shone ubmowed
nut
mud
dove
mode,1.\1 Ten sentences containing words with confusing
cup
phone
rug
spelling are recorded next on the tape. VlTritethem
down on a piece of paper during the pauses, then
owing sentences.
check your work below.
Recognition Practice, p. 30 cup, comb, nut, phone, shone
Dictation Practice, p. 31 rug, note, cup, coat, home
Spelling Challenge, Whose shoes are those? Whose hose did you
lose? So, sew a few new suits. Moye it above the stoye. Go do it.
Come home. The moyer put a coyer over the oyen. Does she have
toes in her shoes? Worms have many forms. Work \\~th the fork.
EXAMPLES
Bud wrote one note home.

Rose coped with the crumbs.
Lola rubbed the mud from the old rug.
Phone him at home just for fun.
The speaker will pronounce five words containing
these sounds. Circle the words you hear, or repeat
them now, and do the written exercise later. The
answers are on page 31.
EXERCISE
1. cup cope
2. come comb
3. nut note
4. fun phone
5. shun shone
UNiT TEN -- UNit TEN: TilE SouNd !oiy! 33
TIlE SouNd loiyl EXAMPLES
Roy'stoys are noisy.

The boy pointed to the poison.
Introducing the Sound Troy'sploy was foiled.
The 1oiy 1 sound is a combination of two sounds The spoiled boy destroyed Floyd'sjoy.
beginning with 101 and ending in liy I. The lips, set
about ~ inch (1.3 cm) apart, begin in a circle. (See
Figure 10.) They move quickly to form a wide smile,
% inch (1 cm) apart.
The sound is long.
Figure 10.
The sound /oiy/

speaker.
EXAMPLES
boy boil poise

toy soil noisy
coin

sound 1 oiy I, and repeat them after the speaker.
32
UNiT ELEVEN -- UNiT ELEVEN: TIlE SouNd leal 35
Tlu SOUNd leal As before, listen to the examples and repeat them
after the speaker.
Introducing the Sound EXAMPLES
care wear
fair
there
bear
heir
where
stairs
they're
To make this sound, keep your jaw half\vay open.
dareyour lips,
The lips are 1, inch (1.3 cm) apart. Tense their prayer
and form a wide, downward smile. Begin the sound,aerial
then move your lips close together into the lal posi-
tion. (See Figure 11.)
The sound is long.

Repeat the fan owing sentences after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
The fair-haired man ran in the sand.

Where are the spare pairs Stan and Dan wear?
They're not your socks.They're theirs.
Frances laughed when she passed him on
Figure 11. the stairs.
The sound leal
They're cramming for their exams over there.
speaker.
EXAMPLES Compare liy/, from Unit Four, with leal by
ran laugh repeating the fonowing words.
fast
pass EXAMPLES
craft man
leal
liyl land
clan
fanned
pass
laugh
leaned
clean
mean
fiend
leaf piece
peace,
To pronounce the vowel leal fonowed by the con-
sonant Ir/, begin with the leal sound, then move
the lips forward into a round shape, baring the front
teeth.
34
36 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisli UNiT ElEVEN: TilE SouNd le;)1 37
liyl Dictation Practice

we're where, wear Write the next five words recorded on the CD on a
beer bear piece of paper, then check your work on page 38.
cheer chair
peer pear, pair, pare Contrasting Sound Practice
steer stair, stare To compare lei from Unit Eight with leal, repeat
fear fair, fare the following words after the speaker.
here, hear hair, hare
ear air
EXAMPLES
tear, tier tear
lei ranleal
panman
mast lei
land
leal
gas messed
men
guess
laughed
left
wren
pen
lend
Now say these sentences, which feature both vowel
sounds.
EXAMPLES
Sheila ran past the stairs with a can of beer.

Now repeat several sentences that feature these
The lean man cheered and laughed. sounds.
She can't eat peas from a can.
\,ye're in need of a tank of gas.
EXAMPLES
The man laughed, then left.

Recognition Practice I guess Ann and Ed ran out of gas.
Fran passed the pen to the man's left hand.
The speaker will pronounce five words. Circle the Can Ted send llletter to Stan?
ones you hear, or repeat the words and do the written
exercise later. The answers are on page 38.
EXERCISE Recognition Practice
Listen to the next five words recorded on the CD and
1. peace pass circle the ones you hear. The answers are on page 38.
2. here hair
3. we're where EXERCISE
4. leaned land
5. ear 1. men ran
man
land
pan
gas
4.
3.
2. wren
lend
pen
5. guess
•
38 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TWElVE
Dictation Practice TlfE SOUNd leiyl

Write the next five words recorded on the CD on a
piece of paper. When you finish, check your answers
with the list below. Introducing the Sound
This is a combination of sounds. Begin with your
Spelling Challenge lips in the first position of leal, about ~ inch
Now write the next three sentences you hear (1.3 cm) apart and with a wide, downward smile.
recorded on the CD. Then, slowly widen them into an upward smile, form-
Check your work below. ing liy/. (See Figure 12.)
Count to two silently to be sure the sound is long
Answers to Exercises enough.
Recognition Practice, p. 36 pass. here, we're, land, ear
Dictation Practice, p. 37 we're, mean, steer, laugh, man
Recognition Practice, p. 37 men, pan, ran, lend, gas
Dictation Practice, laughed, guess, man, messed, pen
Spelling Challenge, There were three people here. Where were
you? I can can the tomatoes.
Figure 12.
The sound /eiy/

speaker.
EXAMPLES
40 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TWElVE: TItE SouNd leiyl 41
Move your lips into the 1.,1 position after leiYI ExAMPLES
when it occurs before the consonant II/.
Fred's cake failed the taste test.
Get the red dress for your date.
speaker.
Jane's friend fell on the train.
Sell ten shares and trade the rest.
Five words featuring the sounds lei and leiyl are
Practice for Mastery recorded next on the CD. Circle below the words you
hear, then check them below.
Repeat the following sentences which feature the
sound I eiy I. EXERCISE
EXAMPLES 1. pen pam

2. test taste
It rained eight days.
3. debt date
The suede cape has a great shape.
4. fell fail
Renee ate creme brulee at the buffet today.
5. get gate
The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.
She laid the frail lace on the table.
Dictation Practice
Contrasting Sound Practice Five words containing these sounds are recorded
next on the CD. Write them on a piece of paper dur-
To compare the sound lei, from Unit Eight, with ing the pauses, then check them below.
I eiy I, repeat the following words.
Spelling Challenge
EXAMPLES
Seven sentences containing words with confusing
lei maceshed
taste
taint
pane,
shade
rain,
raid
bait
date
leiyl
leiyl
fail
gate tent
lei
test
wren
rein,
pain reign
pen spelling are recorded next on the CD. Listen to them
carefully and~write them down on a piece of paper
during the pauses. Check them below.
Recognition Practice, pain, test, debt, [ail, gel
Dictation Practice, red, bait, shade, fell, mess
Spelling Challenge, The pain came again. Her friend is a fiend for
french fries. There were many zany women. The ape ate eight
Now repeat several sentences that feature both apples and an apricot. Hey, where's the key? She said she was
sounds. afraid. The players said their prayers and paid their debts.
l -.-. I~
UNiT TltiRTEEN
- UNiT TkiRTEEN: TkE SOUNd /:>/ 43
TIlE SouNd l~/ ExAMPLES
Draw water from the faucet.

The water is always calm in August.
I thought Audrey saw a lawyer.
To make the vowel sound /;)/, drop your jaw until You ought to have brought your daughter.
the lips are % inch (1.5 em) apart. Tense your lips and
round them forward halfway. (See Figure 13.)
The sound is long. Contrasting Sound Practice
To compare /A/, from Unit Seven, with /;)/,
repeat these words after the speaker.
ExAMPLES
/.J hI
gone
song
caught
bought
1:>1
long
cough
golf rung
wrong IAI
cut
sung
gulf
but
gun
lung
cuff
Now, say the next sentences after the speaker.
Figure 13.
The sound /-:'1/

speaker. "EXAMPLES
Bud was caught with the gun he bought.

EXAMPLES
Sunny has sung all the wrong love songs.
off call
fault
awful
all cough
lawn broad Audrey bought the awesome puppies.
caught
daughter
bought
auto Maud cut the cuffs from that awful cloth.
. Recognition Practice
Listen to the next five words recorded on the CD,
and circle below the ones you hear. The answers are
Practice for Mastery on page 45.
sound /;)/, and repeat them after the speaker.
42
44 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisk UNiT TkiRTEEN: TkE SOUNd /3/ 45
EXERCISE Recognition Practice

1. lung long Listen to the next five words recorded on the CD,
2. cut caught and circle the ones you hear. Check your answers
below.
3. gun gone
4. cut caught EXERCISE
5. gulf golf
1. loafed loft
2. coat caught
Dictation Practice 3. bowl ball
Now write the next five words recorded on the 4. boast bossed
5. loan lawn
CD on a piece of paper, then check your answers on
page 45.

To compare jowj, from Unit Nine, with j;,j, Now write the five words recorded next on the CD
repeat the following words. on a piece of paper. Check your answers below.
EXAMPLES Spelling Challenge

lowl on
off
131
131
caught lowl
bossed
lawn
ball
loft boast
loafed
own
bowl Write the four sentences recorded on the tape dur-
bought
ing the pauses, then check them below.
after the speaker. Answers to Exercises

Recognition Practice, p. 43 lung, cut, gone, caught, golf
Dictation Practice, p. 44 song, but, gulf, cough, cuff
Recognition Practice, loafed, caught, bowl, boast, lawn
Dictation Practice, off, own, coat, bought, loaf
Spelling Challenge, The wolf plays golf. He laughed when he was
caught with the faux diamond. Although the rough cough went
through him, he was tough. She has gone and done it alone.
EXAMPLES
Joe caught the mole in his lawn.

Paula lost her coat on the long walk.
The tall author is his own boss.
He bought the old boat, then walked home.
•
UNiT FOURTEEN
TIlE SouNd lrel
To make this sound, keep your lips % inch

(1.5 em) apart and form a half-smile, with tense lips.
=
_ EXAMPLES
Pack the bags.

Have a snack, Jack.
Pat's cat is fat.
UNiT FOURTEEN: TkE SOUNd
Her plaid jacket has black snaps.

lrel 47
(See Figure 14.)

The sound is short. Contrasting Sound Practice
To compare liy I, from Unit Four, with lre/, repeat
the following words after the speaker.
he's
heed,
liyl sat
sad
has
lrel
neatfat
heat had
hat
gnat
lap .
he'd
Ire!
EXAMPLES
seat
seed
leap
feet, feat liyl
Figure 14.
The sound Ii£!
Now repeat these sentences.
EXAMPLES
speaker.
Please feed the cats.
EXAMPLES He needs a black hat.
back Matt has a shack near the sea.
plaid meringue
cat She believes that Pete has had a nap.
tap
bag
pad Recognition Practice
cab Five words featuring these sounds are recorded
next on the CD. Below, circle the ones you hear, then
check the answers on page 49 .
.Practice for Mastery
I
sound rei, and repeat them after the speaker.
46
48 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisll UNiT FOURTEEN: TilE SOUNd /'iJ!/ 49
EXERCISE
1. feet fat Five words featuring these sounds are recorded
2. leap lap next on the CD. Circle them below, then check them
3. he'd had further below.
4. seed sad
EXERCISE
5. heat hat
1. met mat
2. set sat
Dictation Practice 3. wreck rack
Write the next five words recorded on the CD on a 4. head had
5. said sad
piece of paper. When you finish, check your work on
page 49.

Compare the lei of Unit Eight with 1'iJ!1 by repeat- Write the next five words recorded on the CD on a
ing each word after the speaker. piece of paper. When you finish, check your words
below.
EXAMPLES
lei mat
sat
had
sad said
lei
rack pled
pat
bag
plaid
I'd!! wreck
set
I'd!!
Recognition Practice, p. 47 fat, leap, he'd, sad, heat

Dictation Practice, p. 48 sad, has, he's, seed, feet or feat
Recognjtion Practice, mat, set, wreck, had, sad
Dictation Practice, head, pet, said, rack, beg
Listen to the following sentences that feature lei

and I 'iJ!1, and repeat them after the speaker.
The pet cat sat on the bed.

Pat had a red rag on her head.
The men said it had a sad ending.
The next guest patted Fred on the back.
-
• Tlu

UNiT
SOUNd
FifTEEN
lreowl
This is a combination of vowel sounds. Begin with

lrel by setting your lips % inch (1.5 cm) apart; then,
EXAMPLES
sour
flour
hour
UNiT FifTEEN:
sauerkraut
TilE SouNd
power
/'i£Ow/ 51
glide into low I, forming a circle with your lips. (See Practice for Mastery
Figure 15.)
The sound is long. Now, repeat the following sentences featuring the
sound /reow/.
"
.f \. EXAMPLES
'•.1 ;;
.~~~~~~~~:;!;r";~'
~ Our townhouse has a brown mouse.
Are we allowed to speak aloud?
vVe found our gowns downtown.
Shower the flowers for an hour.
How's the sauerkraut?
Figure 15. Spelling Challenge

The sound /'i£OW/
The next nine sentences, which contain words with
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the tricky spelling, are recorded on the CD. Write them
speaker. during the pauses, then check your work below.
Answers to Exercise
EXAMPLES
Spelling Challenge, Ouch! Don't touch me. You found out you
how house bough could wound him. She wound the bandage around the wound.
now aloud Slow down now. It's snowing. The rouge covered the gouge. It's
my own gown. Of course the mouse couldn't eat the mousse, but
brown
my cousin could. He's the flower grower. On a tour of the mill, we
bought four bags of flour.
To pronounce I reowI before the' consonan t I rI,

begin with lreow/, move your lips to the I<JI posi-
tion, then round them and push them outward into
the Ir I position. This is a very long vowel sound.
Repeat the examples of the sound lreow<JrI.
50
r
• UNiT SiXTEEN
TIlE SouNd lal

----
---_
=======
To make this sound, drop your jaw until the lips

EXAMPLES
UNiT SiXTEEN: TIlE SouNd tat
Roz is fond of dolls.

John got an honest job.
Bob stopped in the shop for a mop.
His knowledge of crops is obvious.
53
are about % inch (2 cm) apart, but relaxed. (See

Figure 16.)
The sound is short but takes a little longer because Contrasting Sound Practice
your mouth is open so wide! Compare / A/, from Unit Seven, with /a/. Repeat
lhese words after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
IAI lal IAI Ia!

hut hot shut shot
buddy body putt pot
cup cop gut got
rut rot nut not, knot
Figure 16. Now say the following sentences.

The sound ta!
EXAMPLES
speaker. Her brother got a hot supper.
Some shots are optional.
EXAMPLES Buddy dropped the hot cup in the shop.
father honor
encore
cot
doll
honest Stop fussing and come up.
knowledge bureaucracy
lock ennui
Five words featuring these sounds are recorded
next on the CD. Circle below the ones you hear, then
check them on page 55.
sound /a/, and repeat them after the speaker.
52
54 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT SiXTEEN: ThE SouNd lal 55
EXERCISE
Spelling Challenge
1. buddy body During the pauses, write the next six sentences you
2. hut hot ~ on the CD. Check your work below.
3. shut shot
4. hut hot Answers to Exercises
5. nut not ~gnition Practice, p. 53 body, hut, shut, hot, nut
:JicnItionPractice, p. 54 cop, shot, buddy, cup, knot or not
~lling Challenge, Wc're here to honor the donor. Don't bother
__ brother or my father. They found a comb and a bomb in the
Dictation Practice ~b. Ron's son won the ribbon. Please polish the Polish medal.
'--, warm on the farm.
Listen to the next five words on the CD and write
them on a piece of paper during the pauses. Check
them on page 55 when you finish.
The /a/ when followed by /r /, ends with the lips
pushed outward; this changes the sound somewhat.
speaker, then listen for the confirmation.
EXAMPLES
arm bazaar guard sergeant

ark
far heart
carve

Listen to the following sentences, which contain
the /a/ sound followed by /r /, and repeat them after
the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Are the stars far from Mars?

The hard part is to stmt the car.
Sergeant Barton was the guard.
He carved a large heart in the bark.
• UNiT SEVENTEEN
TilE SouNd

laiyl
The / aiy / sound is a double vowel.Begin sounding

the /a/, with the lips about ~ inch (2 cm) apart.
---------.
----------
_ EXAMPLES
UNiT SEVENTEEN: TkE SOUNd
Ida buys nice surprises.

I'm twice your size, Liza!
Try my pie, Ira!
That guy might buy my cycle.
laiyl 57 I
,
'"
"
"
Then move your lips to the /iy / position, forming a

big smile. (See Figure 17.) Spelling Challenge
This is a long sound. During the pauses, write the next three sentences
\'ou hear on the CD, then check your work below.
Answers to Exercise
Spelling Challenge, Write down your height and weight. The police
officers are nice and polite. I find that the wind bothers my brother.
Figure 17.
The sound /aiy/
Listen to the examples, repeat them after the

speaker, then listen for the confirmation.
EXAMPLES
I indict
rye aisle
choir
dried
pie
might
buy
guide
my
diaper fly
guy
height

sound / aiy /, and repeat them after the speaker.
56
I,I
"
..r',,,, PART Two
ENGLislt CONSONANT
SOUNds
"'
UNiT EiGkTEEN
-----
- _
of'"
Consonant sounds are determined by • TilE SOUNds Ipl, Ihl _

• the position of the tongue, lips, and teeth
• the way air is released
• the use of, or absence of, voice Introducing the Sound Ipl
Study Figure 18, then follow the directions for each To make the sound /p/, put your lips together
sound. firmly, stop the air completely, then pop the lips
open. Do not make a vocal sound. (See Figure 19.)
At the beginning of words, release /p/ with a puff
of air. To be sure the puff of air is strong enough,
alveolar ridge
place a small piece of paper in front of your mouth
when pronouncing the following words. The paper
palate
should move considerably.
velum
back of tongue
vocal cords
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
The sound /p/

~'1er the speaker.
ExAMPLES
pay pit play

pat pot praise
peck
\fake the same puff of air when a word ends in

.:mother consonant plus /p/.
61
62 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT EiGhTEEN: ThE SouNds Ipl, Ibl 63
Listen to the following examples and repeat them ExAMPLES

after the speaker.
Put the top down.
Keep trying.
I hope to stop them.
lamp harp grasp scalp It's up there.
limp sharp wasp help The map you gave me is helpful.
Do not make the puff of air when /p/ occurs in the When /p/ is the last sound, make it either with or
middle of a word before a vowel sound. "ithout the puff of air. There is no difference in
Listen to the following examples and repeat them meaning.
after the speaker. Listen to the following examples of sentences read
both ways and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
apple (p81) simple (p81) purple (p81)
happy people (p81) With the puff Without the puff
St0l!! Stop!
Do not make the puff of air when /p/ directly fol- Read the mal!. Read the map.
lows the sound /s/ at the beginning or in the middle Let's go on a tril!. Let's go on a trip.
of a word. I need some sleel!- I need some sleep.
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the Never give ul!- Never give up.
speaker.

span whisper Listen to the following sentences featuring the
spend hospital sound /p/, and repeat them after the speaker.
spill aspirin
spoil expect EXAMPLES
please prepare the pizza for the party.

When /p/ is the last sound in a word and is fol- Pat helped me pick up the papers.
lowed by another word, do not pop your lips open. Put the stamps on the package.
Bring the lips together firmly, making no vocal Mr. Bishop paid for the lamp in April.
sound, then say the next word. Phillip didn't give me a map.
Listen to the following sentences and repeat them Penny has the hiccoughs.
after the speaker .
.
~
65
About the Letter R EXAMPLES
The letter 12followed by the letter h is usually pro- bag rubber

nounced Iff. bread sobbed
The letter I2 is silent (not pronounced) in the fol- bulb
lowing words. Listen, and repeat each word after the observe
speaker. cabs
EXAMPLES
receipt corps cupboard Practice for Mastery

psychology raspberry sapphire Listen to the following sentences featuring the
pneumonia sound fbi, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Introducing the Sound Ibl

Billy grabbed the sobbing baby.
To pronounce /b/, place your lips together firmly; The bushes and bulbs are about to bloom.
stop the air completely, and make a voiced sound. Bob was bleeding, and his bones were broken.
(See Figure 20.) Maybe Eliza beth brags a bit.
About the Letter b

The letter Q is silent in the following words. Listen,
and repeat each word after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
debt comb subtle

doubt tomb subpoena
lamb womb
Figure 20.
The sound Ibl :::ontrasting Sound Practice
Listen to the following examples and repeat them Compare the sound /p/ with the sound /b/ by
after the speaker. -cpeating the following words after the speaker.
------------------------------------------------------~-
66 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT NiNETEEN
EXAMPLES • TIlE SOUNds Itl, Idl ----

Ipl Ibl
pin bin
pet bet Introducing the Sound It!
pack back Place the tip of the tongue against the alveolar
pole bowl ridge, stop the air completely, then release the air.
push bush (See Figure 21.) Do not make a vocal sound.
pour, pore bore, boar There are several variations of this consonant.
punch bunch
prayed braid
repel rebel
rapid rabid
roped robed
ripped ribbed
pare, pair, pear bare, bear
Listen to the next four sentences recorded on the
CD. Circle the ones you hear, or repeat the sentences Figure 21.
now and do the written exercise later. The correct The sound It!
answers are below.
EXERCISE
"\Then a word begins with It!, make the sound with
a noisy puff of air.
1. I can't pare it. I can't bear it. To be sure the puff of air is noisy enough, hold
2. Paul needs a push in Paul needs a bush in a small piece of paper in front of your mouth when
front of his house. front of his house. pronouncing the following words. It should move
3. We bought a big pole. We bought a big bowl. considerably.
4. Patty has some Patty has some Listen to the following examples and repeat them
new cups. new cubs. after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Answers to Exercise tame ten

tree
traythyme twin
tip
Recognition Practice, I can't bear it. Paul needs a push in front team
of twelve
tap
his house. We bought a big pole. Patty has some new cubs. 67
----------------------------------------------
68 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisll UNiT NiNETEEN: TilE SouNds Itl, Idl 69
Make the same noisy puff when a word ends in Do not make the puff of air when It/ follows Isl
another consonant sound plus It/. at the beginning of a syllable.
speaker. EXAMPLES
stamp mistake
EXAMPLES
step faster
act apt stove history
lift last
fault borscht
• To pronounce It/ just before the sound Isl at
can't text
the end of words, tap the tip of your tongue on
the palate, then slide your tongue forward to
make Is/.
Usage Tips
• Make the same noisy puff for -st or -est at the end
speaker.
of an adjective to make the superlative form.
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the EXAMPLES
speaker.
bats cats
rests beasts
EXAMPLES
bites coats
best worst most
biggest smallest least
happiest silliest To produce the It/ at the end of words that occur
before words beginning with a consonant, tap your
tongue on the alveolar ridge, stop the vocal sound,
• The past tense marker, ed, is pronounced It/, then go on to the next word.
with the puff of air, when the verb ends in a voice-
less consonant sound such as Ip/, Ik/, Ichl,
speaker.
If I, Ishl, Isl, or Iks/. Be careful not to make a
vowel sound before the It/.
EXAMPLES
speaker. She ate three hot dogs.
The fat cat sat down on the mat.
EXAMPLES I'll bet she got the hat with that money.
I met them at the market.
taped washed
picked passed In certain words, the It/ is unreleased as above,
watched faxed
then followed by the unstressed vowel sound lal,
laughed
then by the sound In/.
---------------------- _------------------------------------,.-
...•
70 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTLy iN ENGLisll UNiT NiNETEEN: TilE SOUNds Itl, Idl 71
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the About the Letter :t
speaker.
The letter 1, when followed by the sound /iuw / is
usually pronounced /ch/. (See Unit Twenty-two,
page 90.)
button fountain important When the letter 1 occurs between vowels, it has one
mitten mountain sentence
kitten of the pronunciations of the sound /d/. (See
bitten Introducing the Sound /d/, which follows.)
The letter 1 is silent in the following words. Listen,
When the last word you say ends in the sound /t/,
pronounce it either with or without the puff of air.
There is no difference in meaning.
•
Listen to the following sentences read both ways,
and repeat them after the speaker.
See Unit Twenty-nine for the pronunciation of the

letter 1 followed by h.
With the puff Without the puff
He sat on his hat. He sat on his hat. Introducing the Sound Idl
She put on her coat. She put on her coat. To make the sound / d/ place the tip
They came to visit. They came to visit. of the tongue on the alveolar ridge and
He didn't eat. He didn't eat.
make a voiced sound. (See Figure 22.)
I didn't say that. I didn't say that.

sound /t!, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Those tenants tore up the apartment.

Leave the stew on the stove for two minutes.
Just a minute, please.
I put the buttons in my pocket.
Stand up straight. Figure 22.
Janet washed her skirt and two t-shirts. The sound Idl
She wished she had polished her boots.
Hold the /d/ slightly at the beginning of a word,
The last time I went to that store, I got lost. then release it with the next sound.
72 73
PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNiT NiNETEEN: TkE SOUNds Itl, Idl
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the EXAMPLES

speaker.
lady muddy grated
body added subtle (~l)
EXAMPLES
faded city
day dress dwarf later little
graded
dime drive harder shorter fitted
does order
dollar
daddy
do
Usage Tips
At the end of words, before consonants, hold your
tongue briefly on the alveolar ridge, then go on to the • To make the regular past tense, add Idl to verbs
next word. that end in a vowel sound or one of the voiced
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the consonants Ib/, Ig/, lvi, Ij/, 11/, Iml, In/,
speaker. Ir I, Iz/, Iw/, or Iy I. Even though there is a let-
ter ~ before the letter g, do not make a vowel
EXAMPLES
sound before the Id/. The ~ is silent.
Tell dad to drive. Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
speaker.
The bed belongs to me.
The lid fell off.
EXAMPLES
When does the tide come in?
The code number is on the back. played rubbed hemmed
stayed hugged canned
cried loved feared
To make the sound of Idl between vowels and
snowed judged buzzed
after the consonant Ir I, tap the tongue quickly on rolled
glued
the palate without holding it, then go on to the next
vowel.
Note that this sound is often spelled with the • Add the unstressed vowel 1;:,1 plus Idl to verbs
letters dd, !, and g. "-- ending with the sound Idl or It!. The verb now
has one more syllable.
speaker. Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
speaker.
-
74 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT NiNETEEN: TItE SOUNds Itl, Idl 75
EXAMPLES Practice for Mastery

faded wanted Listen to the following sentences featuring the
ended planted sound / d/, and repeat them after the speaker.
landed invited
folded created
loaded greeted Dan drove us around before dinner.
Does Donna have a dollar?
David didn't do the dishes.
• A pronoun plus' /d/ forms a contraction for the
modals had and would. Be careful to not use the He said it.
unstressed vowel /a/ here, which would add another I got it.
syllable to the word. She did it.
speaker. That bed is old.
She had a bad cold.
EXAMPLES He ate a bit of butter.
1'd been there before. (I had been there

Fred is a forty-year-old veteran.
before.)
Patty sat on the little ladder.
They'd called us earlier. (They had called us Eddy's thirty today.
earlier. )
It's a beautiful city, but it's so dirty!
We'd better stay. (We had better stay.)
You'd better not do that. (You had better not
do that.)
About the Letter d
1'd help you if I could. (I would help you if The letter Q followed by the sound /iuw / is usually
I could.) pronounced /j/.(See Unit Twenty-two, page 90.)
He'd come if he wanted to. (He would come if The letter Q is silent in the following words. Listen,
he wanted to.) and repeat each word after the speaker.
We'd like a drink. (We would like a
drink.) EXAMPLES
Wednesday
grandfather
grandmother
grandchildren
handkerchief
- "
76 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLi51t

UNiT TWENTY =========
Practice in Context • TIlE SOUNds Ik/, Igl _
Listen to the following poem featuring the final
past tense sounds /t!, /d/, and /gd/, and repeat
each line after the speaker. Introducing the Sound Ikf
To pronounce /k/, bring the back of the tongue to
The Surprise Party the velum, stop the air completely, then release it with
/t! a voiceless sound. (See Figure 23.)
They shopped, spent, cooked, ate,
Drank, gossiped, laughed, baked,
Stopped and talked,
Worked and walked.
/d/
They planned, saved, sewed, schemed,
Programmed, whispered, giggled, dreamed,
Enjoyed and played,
A party made.
/;)d/
They decorated and waited,

Then shouted and celebrated.
Figure 23.
The sound /k!
Now listen to a tongue twister that features the
sounds /t! and /d/, and repeat each line after the At the beginning of words, release /k/ with a puff
speaker.
of air. To make sure the puff of air is strong enough,
hold a small piece of paper in front of your mouth as
The Tutor you say the following words. The paper should move
A tutor who tooted the flute considerably.
Tried to teach two young tooters to toot, Listen to the following examples, and repeat them
Said the two to the tutor: after the speaker.
"Is it harder to toot,
or to tutor two tooters to toot?" EXAMPLES
cat clean kettle (;;>1)

cost crazy
khaki
Make the same puff of air when a word ends in

another consonant plus /k/.
77
i\ -
i
78 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT TWENTY: ThE SouNds Ik/, Igl 79
Listen to the following examples, and repeat them EXAMPLES

after the speaker.
skin school
skate schedule
EXAMPLES
basket
frank work ask talk
scrape
ink fork walk
mosque
When /k/ occurs just before another consonant,
bring the back of the tongue to the velum, stop the
Do not make the puff of air when /k/ is followed air briefly, but do not release it; then make the next
by the sound /w/. sound.
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the Listen to the examples, and repeat them after the
speaker. speaker.
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
quick asks asked action (ak sh;:Jn)

queen likes liked actor
questio n bakes baked picture (pik ch;:Jr)
quite anxious (alJk sh~s)
Do not make the puff when /k/ occurs in the mid- Listen to the following sentences, and repeat them
dle of a word before a vowel sound.
after the speaker.
Listen to the following examples, and repeat them
after the speaker. EXAMPLES
Pick the music up tomorrow.

EXAMPLES
Look at the black bike over there.
lanky sticky uncle (dl) lacquer I'll make a cake in the morning.
asking tickle (dl) chocolate Did Rick rake the leaves?
monkey wicke d saccharine Luke fell off his bike and scraped his skin.
When /k/ occurs just after the sound /s/, there is When /k/ is the last sound in a word or sentence,
no puff of air. pronounce it with or without the puff of air. There is
Listen to the following examples, and repeat them no difference in meaning.
after the speaker. Listen to the following examples of sentences read
both ways and repeat them after the speaker.
------------------- Ii
80 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNiT TWENTY: TkE SOUNds IkI, Igl 81
EXAMPLES Introducing the Sound Igl

With the puff Without the puff To make the sound /g/, bring the
Don't look! Don't look! back of the tongue to the velum, stop
That's a fake. That's a fake. the air briefly, then release it with a
I have a stomach ache. I have a stomach ache. yoiced sound. (See Figure 24.)

sound /k/, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Can you cut the cake for me?

Carolyn couldn't come to the concert.
His wicked uncle has no scruples.
Mike and Jack can work quickly.
He walks to the bank every day. Figure 24.
The sound Ig/
They talked and asked questions.
Listen and repeat the examples after the speaker.
About the Letters k and ~

EXAMPLES
The letter .k is not pronounced in the following ghost
game egg
words. Listen, and repeat each word after the speaker.
glad eggs
grade bigger
rugged
=
The letter £ is silent in the following word. Listen, Listen to the following sentences featuring the
and repeat after the speaker. sound / g/, and repeat them after the speaker.
indict
-- .......•
~
82
/'
PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTly iN ENGlisk
- UNiT TWENTY: TkE SOUNds Ik/, Igl 83
f
ExAMPLES EXERCISE
Go get your grandmother's glasses. 1. Gary got a clean rag. Gary got a clean rack.
Peggy begged to go to the art gallery. 2. He isjust like a hawk. He is just like a hog.
Gloria gives gracious get-togethers. 3. We need the glue. We need the clue.
Please give me eight gallons of gas. 4. Please put it in Please put it in
Maggie bagged all the groceries. the back. the bag.
Gayle dragged the rugged luggage through
the gate.
About the Letter 9
Contrasting Sound Practice The letter ~ after the letter!! has the sound /1]/.
See Unit Twenty-six, page 116.
To compare /g/ with /k/, repeat the following
The letter ~ is not pronounced in the following
words after the speaker.
words. Listen, and repeat each word after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Ikl gum
game
gain hawk
bicker
back
Ik1
Igl sacked
got Igl
tacked,
pick tact
rag
glean
girl sagged
bigger
pig
bag
tagged
hog
phlegm caught, taught weight, eight
diaphragm bought, brought might, light
sign through campaign
champagne though reign
lasagna height
Answers to Exercise
Recognition Practice, p. 82 Gary got a clean rag. He is jusllike a
hawk. We need the glue. Please put it in the back.
The speaker will read four sentences. Circle the ones
you hear, or repeat them during the pauses and do the
written exercise later. The answers are on page 83.
UNiT TWENTy•..ONE
TItE SOUNds If I, Ivl
-- UNiT TWENTy-ONE: TilE SouNds If I, Ivl

85
Listen to the following sentences and repeat them

after the speaker.
Introducing the Sound If I
To make the sound If I, place the top teeth firmly EXAMPLES

on the inside of the bottom lip; release the air contin-
Freddy found fresh flowers for his friend.
uously with no voice. (See Figure 25.)
Francie lifted her finger to show off her sapphire.
Ralph's life is tough, but he laughs.
Phil's life is soft, but he frets.
He ate the fish and half a loaf of bread, then left.

Compare the sound Ip/, from Unit Eighteen with
If I by repeating
the following words after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
four
IfI fear
fin
fine
Ipl fried
file
fray
feast
puff
sift rippedIf
rift Ipl
pile
pour
pray
pieced
pup
sipped
pride I fair
fail
feel
fade
fork
fare,
Figure
pork 25.
pine
paid
pail
peel
pare,
peer pair, pear
pin
The sound If I

speaker.
EXAMPLES
fall muff
half
bame(81)
phone
Ralph
puffed
laughed
laughs
tough
laugh
trophy sapphire
Ralph's
cough
often
The speaker will read four sentences on the CD.
Circle the ones you hear, or repeat them now and do
the written exercise later. The answers are on page 89.
84
86 PRONOUNCE h~PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNiT TWENTy-ONE: TkE SOUNds If I, Ivl 87
EXERCISE
1. Please peel this fruit. Please feel this fruit.

2. It's a pine floor. It's a fine floor.
3. She needs the pork She needs the fork
to make the pie. to make the pie.
4. How much is the pair? How much is the fair?
Practice in Context
Now, after the speaker, repeat each line of the fol-
lowing poem featuring the Ipl and If I sounds.
Figure 26.
The sound Ivl
One fresh fall day
Paul went to the fair Listen to the following examples, repeat them after
To find some fun and food. the speaker, then listen for the confirmation.
But while hopping a fence
He ripped his pants, EXAMPLES
Which put him in a foul mood. of saves loved
vine five
save
believe
believes
saved
But he found a fine friend
vote
favor
ever
And prayed she would mend envy
The rip before it could fray;
And although he was pieced
With a patch on the seat
He went to the feast anyway.
Usage Tip
Introducing the Sound Ivl
• The contractions of I have, you have, we have,
To make the sound Iv I, place the upper teeth
and they have are formed by adding an apostro-
against the inside of the lower lip, and release the air
phe eve) to the pronoun.
with a voiced sound. (See Figure 26.)
speaker.
EXAMPLES
I've been there. (I have been there.)

You've seen it. (You have seen it.)
vVe've \Van. (We have \Van.)
They've gone. (They have gone.)
,.,
88 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisll UNiT TWENTy-ONE: TilE SouNds If I, Ivl 89
Practice for Mastery EXERCISE

1. She's a good bet. She's a good vet.
after the speaker. 2. We want to see We want to see
the ballet. the valet.
EXAMPLES
3. I only want the best. I only want the vest.
Evelyn arrived in evening gloves at eleven. 4. Bev's bail was stiff. Bev's veil was stiff.
Val survived the five-hour drive.
She is obviously envious, and I love it.
It takes a lot of nerve to drive over there in Answers to Exercises
the van. Recognition Practice, p. 85 Please feel this fruit. It's a pine Door.
They've never voted in Virginia before. She needs the fork to make the pie. How much is the pair?
Recognition Practice, She's a good vet. We want to see the ballet.
I only want the best. Bev's veil was stiff.

Compare the sound jbj, from Unit Eighteen with
/ v/. Listen to the following words, and repeat them
after the speaker.
best
bent
marble
ballet
Ivl vet
vIvl
Ibl
serves
vent
marvel
vestvise
valet Serbs
ase vale
veil,
EXAMPLES very
Ibl
Four sentences are recorded on the CD. Circle
the ones you hear, or repeat them during the pauses
and do the written exercise later. The answers are on
page 89.
When you have mastered these, try recording them
on tape to compare your pronunciation with that of
the speaker.
T
UNiT TWENTy-Two: TkE SOUNds fchf, Ijl 91
• " : Tin SouNds Ich/, Two

UNiT TWENTy... Ijl -
= Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
speaker.
Introducing the Sound Ichl EXAMPLES
To make the sound Ich/, place the center of situation let you can't you
the tongue on the palate; stop the air completely, ritual don't you didn't you
then release it abruptly with a voiceless sound. (See factual won't you wouldn't you
Figure 27.) congratulations

I
sound chi, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
The teacher chose Chinese Checkers for the

children.
Charles and Chuck lunched on cheese and chips.
Couldn't you eat your lunch, and then watch
the match?
Figure 27. Didn't you watch the speech on channel 7?
The sound fch/
I can't let you exchange the watch.
-
speaker. About the Letter Combination ch
EXAMPLES·
The letter combination ch is silent in the following
word. Listen and repeat.
chase catch question
chance catching
reaching catches
lunch watched
lunches
reached
Introducing the Sound Ijl
To make the sound Ij/, place the center of the
When a word or syllable beginning with the sound
I
liuw follows the sound It!, I
a chi sound is formed. tongue against the palate, stop the air completely,
then release it abruptly with a voiced sound. (See
Figure 28.)
90
92 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisll UNiT TWENTy-Two: TilE SouNds Ich/, Ijl 93
EXAMPLES
I wanted you to come to my graduation.

Jim's a junior, majoring in education.
Would you please register at the gym?
Jill, in her jeans, jumped into her jeep.
Janice, did you see the soldier?
Figure 28.
The sound W
EXAMPLES
jam germ bridge soldier

just gym judged
ajar agency edges
major region
huge
The sound /d/ followed by /iuw/ is pronounced

/j/.
speaker.
EXAMPLES
education did you had you

graduate would you
individual could you

sound / j/ and then repeat them after the speaker.
UNiT TWENTY- TItREE: TItE SOUNds Ishl, Izhl 95
WrIIE
_ SouNds
UNiT Ish/, Izhl
TWENTY" ThREE .:::::
~ Practice for Mastery
sound Ish/, and repeat them after the speaker.
Introducing the Sound Ishl
To make the sound Ish/, touch the palate with the EXAMPLES
sides of the tongue and release the air slowly through
Don't mention her anxious expression.
the passageway formed down the center of the Sean assured me he'd shine his shoes.
tongue. Do not stop the air flow. Do not make a
Share the sugar with Charlotte.
sound with your voice. (See Figure 29.)
She wished she had gone shopping.
Practice in Context
Now say this p'0em, one line at a time, after the
speaker.
Sharon and Charlotte shopped for shallots.

The shallots were shipped from chateaux.
Sharon shared the shallots
That were shipped in the box.
Should she share the champagne, too? No!
Figure 29.
The sound Ishl Contrasting Sound Practice
To compare Ichl from Unit Twenty-two with Ish/,
repeat the following words after the speaker.
after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Ichl
choose
vvishes
shoe
shame
wished
Ishl
Ichl
share
shoes
watches
watch
she's
shin
cheek
sheep wishwitch chinspecial
Ishl
washes
wash
social
matched
cmashed
tension
chef
machine
chauffeur
ocean
mention
crutch
which,
chopchic
matching
ship
shop rush
mashing I cheese
cheap
sugar
96 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TWENTy-TItREE: TItE SOUNds Ishl, /zhl 97
Recognition Practice EXAMPLES
Four sentences are recorded on the CD. Below, azure measure Asia garage
circle the ones you hear, then check your work on usual vision beige
page 97. Persian prestige
regime
EXERCISE
equation garages
1. Charles hurt his chin. Charles hurt his shin.
2. This is your chair. This is your share. This sound does not occur at the beginning of
3. His witches are evil. His wishes are evil. words.
4. Will you watch Will you wash
the baby? the baby? Practice for Mastery
sound /zh/, then repeat them after the speaker.
Introducing the Sound Izhl
To make the sound /zh/, touch your palate with EXAMPLES
the sides of your tongue, and release the air slowly They usually watch television for pleasure.
through the passageway formed down the center of She occasionally wears her beige blouse.
the tongue. Do not stop the air. Make a sound with Take the usual measurements.
your voice. (See Figure 30.)
They found the treasure in Asia.
Answers to Exercise
Recognition Practice, p. 96 Charles hurt his shin. This is your
chair. His wishes are evil. Will you watch the baby?
Figure 30.
The sound Izhl

after the speaker.
------------------------------
UNiT TWENTy ...FoUR
TIlE SouNds Isl, Izl

--- EXAMPLES
UNiT TWENTY-FoUR: TItE SOUNds Isl, Izl 99
ax expect fix fox tuxedo

relaxed extra
Introducing the Sound /s/
saxophone exercise
To make the sound /s/, place the center of your
tongue against the palate and release the air slowly, Be careful not to add a vowel sound before the /s/
but do not stop the air, and do not make a sound with
your voice. (See Figure 31.) at the beginning of a word. To avoid this, try pro-
nouncing the /s/ at the end of the previous word.
speaker.
EXAMPLES
Is/peak S/panish. ("Ice peaks panish.")

Steve s/pends his pennies on s/tamps.
Scott s/kates at a s/pecial s/kating link.
Stacy s/tays in the S/tates with her s/tepsister.
Usage Tips
Figure 31.
The sound Isl • The final -s of plurals and third person (he, she,
it) present tense verb forms is pronounced /s/
when it follows the voiceless consonant sounds
Listen to the following examples and repeat the
words after the speaker. /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, and /8/.
• The's indicating possession or a contraction of~
EXAMPLES or us is also pronounced /s/ when it follows the
kiss
bosses
scenecell
missed
facid
ace
waltzed recent voiceless consonants.
say psychology waltz
fast Listen to the following examples, repeat the words
after the speaker, then listen for the confirmation.
The letter K is often pronounced as /k/ + /s/.
98
- - -------
100 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TWENTy-FoUR: TIlE SOUNds Isl, /zl 101
EXAMPLES
Noun tastes
asks
tapes
grasps
cooks
looks
hits Pat's
it's
and (itcertain
is)
Possessives
contractions
Ruth's
that's
Miss
what's
3rd-person
singular
laughs (that
(whatis)
Crist's is) (let us)
let's corps
verbs baths
beliefs Jack's aisle

To compare the sound Ishl, from Unit Twenty-
three, with I sl, repeat the following words.
self
lease
mess
seal
Isl
save
sock shave
shelf
shine
leash
she'll
mesh
said
suit
sueshock
IslIshl
same
seat
seed
sour
ship
sew, sow, so
EXAMPLESsip
sign
sheet
show
shoe
she'd
shower
shed
shame
shoot, chute Ish!

sound Isl, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Let's sew some snowsuits, said Sally. Recognition Practice

The sly fox sits in the forest and waits. Four sentences that feature these two sounds are
Let's ask the guests for a list of requests.
Miss Smith cooks the best feasts. recorded on the CD. Below, circle the ones you hear,
then check your answers on page 108.
Send Sue to the store on Saturday.
Small Stephen still smiles sweetly. EXERCISE
Stephanie slowly spins her sled in the snow.
The Spanish speak Spanish in Spain. 1. It was a big shock. It was a big sock.
It's the worst snowstorm I've seen. 2. Can you ship it? Can you sip it?
3. Can you shave Can you save
my face? my face?
About the Letter ~ 4. They got good sheets. They got good seats.
The letter.§. is silent in the following words. Listen,
~~
r- 102 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLislf
- UNiT TWENTy-FoUR: TIlE SOUNds Isl, Izl 103
Introducing the Sound hI

To make the Izl sound, place the
center of the tongue against the palate;
release the air slowly, without stopping.
Make a sound with your voice.
e Contrasting Sound Practice
Compare the sound Isl with the sound Izl by
repeating the following words after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
sees
zoo
rise cease
Isl hI
raised Isl
lose
/zI
zip
plays raced
place
loose
rice
Sue
sip
Usage Tip
• The sounds Isl and Izl can indicate the differ-
ence between a noun and a verb. Repeat the fol-
lowing examples after the speaker.
Figure 32.
The sound IzJ
EXAMPLES
Listen to the following examples and repeat the Nouns-/sl Verbs-/zI

words after the speaker. the abuse to abuse
the advice to advise
EXAMPLES the excuse to excuse
zero xerox easy the grease to grease
cousin the house to house
lazy xylophone
freeze cheese the use to use
anxiety
• The letter X is sometimes pronounced as Igl +

Iz/.
"-----
r. 104 P,o,o.", h P,,'ml, i, "G"'" - U". Tw",.,-Fo." n, So"d, I'", ".I 105
Practice for Mastery Possessives Contractions with !§.

Now repeat these sentences after the speaker. Bob's he's
Peg's she's
EXAMPLES
Martha's
vVe can house five of your guests at our beach his
house. hers
There is no use for that gadget. I can't use it. yours
Victims of abuse sometimes learn to abuse others. ours
When I asked him for advice, he advised me to theirs
keep quiet.
vVeexcused him that time, but there was no excuse
for his behavior. Listen to the following sentences featuring the
sound /z/, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Usage Tips
She's my fliend's cousin.
• Noun plurals, third person present tense verb
He reads newspapers and magazines on Thursdays.
forms, possessives, and contractions after vowels
He loves his new toys.
and the voiced consonants fbi, /d/, /g/, lvi,
Susan's cousin leaves on vVednesday.
/m/, /n/, /ng/, /1/, /r/, and /d/ are spelled:§
or -es,' and pronounced /z/. Be very careful not
to pronounce the vowel ~ between the voiced • After the sounds /s/, /sh/, /z/, /zh/, /ch/ and
consonant and.§.
/j/, add the unstressed vowel /a/ before the
Listen to the following examples and repeat them grammatical -so The combined sound / dZ/ adds
after the speaker. one syllable to the word.
Listen to the following examples, repeat them after
EXAMPLES the speaker, then listen for the confirmation.
Noun plurals 3rd-person singular verbs
EXAMPLES
potatoes cries
labs sees Rose'sGooch's
kisses
Possessives
Bruce's
brushes
massages
matches
stages
Trish's
Solange's
Mrs.
Page's
praises
3rd-person
singular verbs
heads does \vishes
bruises
churches
garages
pages Noun plurals
glasse s
dogs rides
leaves leaves
rooms breathes
cans comes
things runs
prisms
-------------:'--------------------------------------------
106 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNiT TWENTy-FoUR: TkE SOUNds Isl, Izl 107
Practice for Mastery /az/

Lettuces, radishes,
sound / ;lZ/ and repeat them after the speaker. Packages, juices,
Peaches, matches,
Good things for all uses,
EXAMPLES
Spices, low prices,
He washes his cars in Charles's garages. Some surprises,
She teaches Bruce's niece's friend. No abuses.
Rose'sdaughter wishes she had new glasses.
Mrs. Jones faxes pages of messages to our offices. The Doll
All of Mrs. \Vatkins's watches are Rolexes. (Third-person Singular Verbs)
What does she do?
Practice in Context /s/
She laughs, talks,
Listen to the following poems which feature the Wets, walks,
sounds /s/, /z/, and /az/, and repeat them line by
Sleeps, drinks,
line during the pauses.
Eats, blinks,
And asks for nothing.
The Supermarket /z/
(Plural Nouns) She soothes, cries,
What's in the store? Lies in the crib,
/s/ Smiles, s~ngs,
Carrots, beets, Comfort brings.
Grapes, meats, /az/
Drinks, cakes, She dances, entrances,
Soups, sweets, AInuses, amazes,
And causes no trouble.
Leeks, soaps,
Lots of treats.
/z/
Onions, potatoes,
Cans of tomatoes,
Breads, medicines,
Vegetables, like peas,
Non-food items,
All kinds of cheese.
,....
The Lost and Found

(Possessives and Contractions)
Isl
Whose coat is this?
It's Jack's or Rick's.
And that one?
•
Introducing
TIlE SOUNds
UNiT TWENTy...FivE
the Sound 11/

To pronounce 11/, curl your tongue up; put the
under side of the tongue firmly on the back of your
III, Irl _
That's either Pat's or Mick's.

top teeth and make a sound with your voice. (See
This hat's pretty, Figure 33.)
Is it Miss Smith's?
It looks like the kind
She always picks.
Izl
These shoes are big
They might be John's.
But they could be
His brother Tom's.
Who knows whose things
Are in these rooms?
Those sweaters are probably
Old Ms. Blume's.
Igzl
Figure 33.
Galoshes, britches, The sound III
sashes, watches,
Are they Rose's, Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
Or Mrs. Dodge's? speaker.
They could be Charles's
Or Mrs. Welsh's,
EXAMPLES~. ]$<-",,,,. ·~oc., "c~~c>'" '.:: ... ;".,,~<,'..~'#:f·,.~,:i.
But they're more likely
lake will
solve
male
animal
alcohol
clean
filled
daily
glass
place
yellow
Someone else's.
love film
shelf
Answers to Exercise
Recognition Practice, p. 101 It was a big shock. Can you sip it?
Can you save my face? They got good seats.
Usage Tip
• The subject pronouns plus -'ll form contractions
with the final 11/ sound of will, indicating some
instances of future time.
109
r
-------------------------------------------------------------~-~
110 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisli UNiT TWENTy-FivE: TilE SouNds III, Irl 111

speaker.
EXAMPLES
I'll she'll we'll

you'll it'll (it-gl) they'll
he'll

sound 11/, and repeat them after the speaker. Figure 34.
The sound Ir/
EXAMPLES Listen to the examples and repeat them after the

Lola likes to laugh a lot. speaker.
That fellow, Luke, loves the bowling alley.
She'll like the lovely landscape. EXAMPLES
We'll help you fill the glasses. race fires

around
fears
cry
draw
carol
more
pair
green fired
cared
write , martyr
bird
colonel
ride
surprise from
orphan price
through
try
mirror
About the Letter 1
The letter 1is silent in the following words. Listen,
EXAMPLES
half could Lincoln

halves should
salve would
Introducing the Sound Irl

To make the sound Irl, keep the tongue back; do Usage Tips
not let your tongue touch inside your mouth; round • The grammar markers -s and -ed are voiced after
your lips and push them forward. Make a voiced Ir/.
sound. (See Figures 34A and 34B.)
------------------------------------------------------------------
112 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisll UNiT TWENTy-FivE: TilE SouNds III, Irl 113
Listen to the following examples and repeat them EXAMPLES

after the speaker.
taller slower
cozier
friendlier
sillier
faster
dearer
older
shorter
newer
happier
poorer
younger
EXAMPLES
richer
nicer
sweeter
Irl + hi cared
lured
feared
frred
Irl + Idl
implored
lures
cares
frres
implores
fears
• -r at the end of a pronoun can indicate possession.

speaker.
• Irl plus f. is a prefix that indicates "to do again."

speaker. ~ our their
• 're indicates a contraction of the verb are.

speaker.
• f. or Q (both pronounced 1;)/) plus Ir I is a noun

marker meaning "a person who does something."
speaker.
EXAMPLES
teacher sinner actor executor Listen to the following sentences featuring the
preacher reader doctor sound Ir I and repeat them after the speaker.
lawyer speeder tutor
EXAMPLES
• f. plus Ir I at the end of an adjective indicates its Rita read three very short stories.
comparative form. Roger, the writer, brought thirty red roses.
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the Remember to write to your friends.
Robert ran to the store for his mother.
speaker.
There're prettier flowers at the florist's.
We're here to remember our father.
-
114 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT TWENTy-FiVE: ThE SouNds 11/, Irl 115
Contrasting Sound Practice Recognition Practice

To compare the sound /1/ with the sound /r /, You will hear five sentences on the CD. Circle the
repeat the following words after the speaker. ones you hear, then check your answers below.
EXERCISE
EXAMPLES
IU rift
river
arrive
bereave
crime
labor
raft
row
cram
Irl
red,
right,read
berry
prays,
fright
pare, praisepear
write
pair, 1. Laura prays all day. Laura plays all day.
alive
believepail
clam
climb
lift
liver
low
flight
label
laughed 2. Please get me a pear. Please get me a pail.
belly
plays
light
pale,
led, lead
3. Is it right yet? Is it light yet?
4. Can you read them? Can you lead them?
5. The teacher corrected The teacher
the tests. collected the tests.
Practice in Context
Now repeat this poem, one line at a time, to prac-
tice /1/ and Ir/.
What'll you have?

I'll have lemon pie, with lots of meringue on the top.
You'll get fat; you'll get sick; you'll be sorry tomorrow.
Never mind. I'll have diet pop.
Recognition Practice Recognition Practice, p. 114 arrive; red; climb; laughed; right;
Ten words featuring /1/ and /r / sounds are flight; plays; pair, pare, or pear; river; belly
Recognition Practice, Laura plays all day. Please get me a pear. Is
recorded next on the CD. Below, circle the words you it right yet? Can you lead them? The teacher collected the tests.
hear, then check your answers on page 115.
EXERCISE
1. alive river
6.
9.
8. red
arnve
raft
flight
liver
cnme
pail
fright
10.
7.berry
right
paIrbelly
plays
prays
•
--------------------------- .•_--------------------------------
UNiT TWENTy..Six
TilE SouNds
Introducing the Sound ImJ

Iml,
Inl, Irjl
= UNiT TWENTy-Six:

TIle SouNds Iml, Inl, /rJI
Listen to the following sentences featuring

sound /m/, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
117
the
To produce the sound /m/, press your lips together My name is Emily.
and make a voiced, humming sound; release the air Maybe my mother will make something.
through your nose. (See Figure 35.) I'm coming home with them tomorrow.
My roommate's from Maine.
I'm from Alabama.
Introducing the Sound In!

To pronounce /n/, place your tongue against your
palate and hold it there; make a voiced sound and
release the air through your nose. (See Figure 36.)
Figure 35.
The sound Iml

after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
comb
games
tamedname
tomorrow
climb
famous
them
maybe camp
him from
Figure 36.
The sound Inl

speaker.
Usage Tip
• I'm = I am. The sound /m/ is the contracted verb
in the sentence.
116
--------------------------------------------------------------------
118 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisit UNiT TWENTy-Six: TIlE SouNds 1mI, Inl, IUI 119 "
"I
EXAMPLES However, the letter h is silent in a few words that

and
thin
money
any
then begin with a vowel sound. An is used before these
name plains
trained
angel
sane
envy
funny
erest words. Listen to the following examples.
EXAMPLES
an honor
an honest answer
Usage Tips an honorable discharge
• -n is added to the indefinite article ;! before
words that begin with vowels. The names for the following consonant letters
The sound /n/ makes the difference between the actually begin with vowel sounds.
articles;! and an. The article;! is used before words
that begin with a consonant sound, while an is used H (eiych) 1, (ell) M (em) tl (en)
before those that begin with a vowel sound. Listen to R (ar) ~ (ess) X (eks)
the following examples.
Use the article an when using these letters by
EXAMPLES name. Listen to the examples, and repeat them after
Words that begin Words that begin [he speaker.
with a consonant sound with a vowel sound
a hat an apple
a lock an orange an HOVlane an NBC program an x-ray
a man an extra copy an R.S.Y.P.
an LSAT test
a nice man an inch
an MBA degree an S.O.S.
a rose an elevator
a sentence an umbrella
a xerox copy • -n't is addedto the verb to be and to auxiliary
an apartment
verbs to make contractions of those verbs and
not.
Most words that begin with the letter h are pro-
nounced with the consonant sound/hi, and are pre-
When the n't follows the sounds /d/ /t! /v/ /s/
ceded by ~. Listen to the following examples.
/z/, the vowel sound /a/ and the /n/ are pro-
EXAMPLES
nounced together, adding a syllable to the word.
Listen to the examples, and repeat them after the
a happy child speaker.
a hysterical child
a history lesson
a historic house
a historical novel
II'
120 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLislt UNiT TWENTy,Six: TltE SouNds Iml, Inl, IUI 121 "
"~I
EXAMPLES About the Letter n

One syllable Two syllables The letter!! is silent in the following words. Listen,
aren't (arnt) wouldn't (wud-;mt)
weren't (wernt) shouldn't (shud-ant)
don't (dont) couldn't (cud-ant)
can't (cant) didn't (did-ant)
hadn't (had-ant)
mightn't (maiyt-ant)
haven't (have-ant) Contrasting Sound Practice
isn't (is-ant) To compare /m/ with /n/, repeat the following
hasn't (has-ant) words after the speaker.
wasn't (was-ant)
mustn't (mus-ant)
EXAMPLES
ImI near
Ilame
dinesinner
In!hem
In!
mI
simmer
lane
hen
night
• -en is the past participlemere
marker for many verbs.
dime
might
speaker.
EXAMPLES
taken . given frozen Recognition Practice

eaten gotten proven Four sentences featuring the sounds /m/ and /n/
driven
are recorded next on the CD. Circle the ones you
hear, then check your answers on page 126.
Listen to the following sentences featuring the 1. I'm doing the same I'm doing the sane
sound /n/, and repeat them after the speaker. thing. thing
2. We would love a We would love a
EXAMPLES little sum. little son.
The sun shines. 3. She brought a hem She brought a hen
The thin man is an African dancer. for me to fix. for me to fix.
Mine is fine. 4. The dimmer's on The dinner's on
the table. the table.
Tony has taken the train.
Nancy has many new friends.
They haven't eaten the tuna.
,,1
122 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisll 123
e
UNiT TWENTY-Six: TilE SouNds Iml, Inl, IfJl II"
,,\
• EXAMPLES
To make the sound /fJ/, bring the back ., finger stronger thanking sinking
Introducing
of your tongue upthe Sound
against the velum,
IUI close longer tangle thinking dlinking
the air off completely, and release it
through the nose. (See Figure 37.)
There are three consonant sounds together in the
following words. Listen, and repeat them after the
speaker.
(fJ + k + sh)
Usage Tip
• -ing is added to the verb to form the present
participle.
Figure 37. Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
The sound /fJl
speaker.
speaker. EXAMPLES
I'm going.
EXAMPLES, She's looking.
They were shopping.
long hanger tongue
'''1e have been looking.
strong singer
The book is interesting.
singing belonged
The movie was fascinating.
going belongings
A double consonant sound is formed when /og/ is Practice for Mastery

followed by the sounds /g/ or /k/.
sound /fJ/ and repeat them after the speaker.
speaker.
The singer sang too many long songs.

Your fingers are longer and stronger than mine.
The lings belong on the singer's finger.
124 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisli UNiT TWENTy,Six: TilE SouNds Iml, Inl, 11]1 125
Contrasting Sound Practice EXAMPLES
Now compare the sound Iml with the sound II]I In! rung
11]1 thin
sin
stun
In!
stung
sing
11]1
long
fang
thing
run
by repeating the following words.
fan
lawn
EXAMPLES
1m! Sam
simmer
swimmer
sung
rung
1m!
singer
swinger
ring
sang
swing
11]1
11]1
Below, circle the four sentences you hear on the
CD, then check your work on page 126.
EXERCISE
Dictation Practice
1. It was a lawn party. It was a long party.
Listen to the four sentences recorded on the CD 2. It hurts him to sin. It hurts him to sing.
and write the ones you hear. Check your answers are 3. I think she has fans. I think she has fangs.
on page 126. 4. He has run four He has rung four
times. times.
EXERCISE
1. He gave me a rim He gave me a ring

last week. last week. Contrasting Sound Practice
2. She's dating a She's dating a Compare Iml, Inl, and II]I by repeating the fol-
swimmer. swinger. lowing words after the speaker.
3. She said she could She said she could
swim it. swing it. EXAMPLES
4. Mama has some Mama has sung run
Iml son,
sinner
San
win
In! sun
rung
sung
w ing
singer
sang
11]1
good songs. good songs simmer
Sam
whim
some
rum

Compare Inl and IIJI by repeating the following
words after the speaker.
126 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish
Practice in Context
Listen to the following dialogue featuring the
sounds /m/, /n/, and /IJ/, and repeat each line after
the speakers.
-Sam, how is your son?

• UNiT TWENTy",SEVEN
ThE SOUNds 18/, IfJl
Introducing the Sound leI

To make the sound /8/, hold the tip of your
tongue between your top and bottom teeth; force the
_
-He's fine, thanks! You know, he's air out with a voiceless sound. (See Figure 38.)
nineteen now.
-What's he doing?
-He's going to the University of
New Mexico and he's planning
to be an engineer.
-v\Then is he coming home?
-He's coming soon, on the ninth of
June.
Recognition Practice, p. 121 I'm doing the sane thing. We would
love a little sum. She brought a hem for me to fix. The dimmer's
on the table.
Dictation Practice, p. 124 He gave me a rim last week. She's Figure 38.
dating a swimmer. She said she could swing it. Mama has sung The sound 191
good songs.
Recognition Practice, p. 125 It was a lawn party. It hurts him to Listen to the following examples and repeat them
sing. 1 think she has fans. He has rung four times.
after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
thank births
deaths
health
teeth
month
truthful
wealthy
nothing
thirsty
thing something
Usage Tips
• -th, pronounced /8/, can indicate the noun form
of an adjective.
Listen to the next examples and repeat them after
the speaker.
127
--
128 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisll UNiT TWENTy-SEVEN: TilE SouNds /8/, ro/ 129
EXAMPLES
Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday of the
width month of November.
(wide) strength (strong)
depth (deep) breadth (broad) Mathematics is one of her strengths.
length (long) He may be wealthy, but he's ruthless and uncouth.
• -th , pronounced /0/, indicates all the ordinal

numbers except for first, second, and third, and
combinations that end with first, second, and Compare the sound /s/, from Unit Twenty-four,
third. It also indicates all fractions except for half with the sound /0/ by repeating the following words
and third. after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
after the speaker.
Is/ math
mouth
truth
path
forth, thumb
theme
thin
miss
thank
mouse
mass
truce
force
/81 passthink
Is/
/81
thing
fourth
myth thought
EXAMPLES sink
sank
sum
seem,
sought
sing
sin seam
fourth fifteenth eightieth
fifth sixteenth ninetieth
sixth seventeenth hundredth
seventh eighteenth thousandth
eighth nineteenth millionth
ninth twentieth
tenth thirtieth one-fourth
eleventh fortieth three-fifths
twelfth fi ftie th seven-eighths Recognition Practice
thirteenth sixtieth
Four sentences featuring the sounds /s/ and /0/
fourteenth seventieth
are recorded next on the CD. Below, circle the ones
you hear, then check your answers on page 132.
Listen to the following sentences featuring the 1. The truce is The truth is
sound /0/ and repeat them after the speaker. important. important.
2. I sought it out. I thought it out.
EXAMPLES 3. He can't find He can't find
vVeboth need something for our throats. the pass. the path.
4. Show the teacher Show the teacher
He thought thirty thousand dollars was nothing.
She took an oath to tell the truth. your seam. your theme.
130 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT TWENTy,SEVEN: ThE SOUNds 18/, lijl 131
Introducing the Sound JrJI

About the Letters th
To pronounce /0/, hold the tip of your tongue The letters th are silent in the following words.
between your top and bottom teeth; release the air Listen, and repeat each word after the speaker.
with a voiced sound. (See Figure 39.)

Now compare the sound /d/, from Unit Nineteen,
with the sound /0/. Repeat the words after the
speaker.
EXAMPLES
Idl 101
Figure 39. dare

The sound lijl there, their, they're
dough though
Listen to the following examples and repeat them den then
after the speaker. ladder lather
wette r weather, whether
lette r leather
EXAMPLES
utter, udder other
lather bathe bathes
they fodde r father
these together clothe clothes mother
mutter
those breathing breathe soothed
writing, tiding writhing
the rhythm breed breathe
sued soothe
seed seethe
skating scathing
Listen to the following sentences featuring the con-
sonant /0/, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Listen carefully to the following four sentences on
The mother soothed the teething baby. the CD, and circle below the ones you hear. Check
My brother loathes this weather. your work on page 132.
Father seethed when he saw these leather pants.
132
EXERCISE
PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisli
1. Did you see the

letter?
2. He made a big
ladder.
3. Yes,they sued him.
Did you see the
leather?
He made a big
lather.
Yes,they soothe him.
• UNiT TWENTy ...EiGl:n
Tin SouNd Ihl
Introducing the Sound Ihf

To make the sound /h/, keep your tongue free and
force air from the throat with a voiceless sound. (See
_
4. It was his mutter It was his mother Figure 40.)

that bothered her. that bothered her.
Recognition Practice, p. 129 The truce is important. I sought it
out. He can't find the path. Show the teacher your seam.
Recognition Practice, Did you see the letter? He made a big ladder.
Yes, they soothe him. It was his mutter that bothered her.
Figure 40.
The sound /h/

speaker.
EXAMPLES
hay mahogany who

hill Ohio whole
hope alcohol
huge preheat
hurry
When the words he, her, his, him, and has are
unstressed, the /h/ sound is often not pronounced.
Listen to the examples, and repeat them after the
speaker.
133
134
-----,
PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt
UNiT TWENTy ...NiNE -----
I don't know where (h)e is.

.ThE SOUNds Iw/, Iyl _
He gave it to (h)er yesterday.

I haven't seen (h)im. Introducing the Sound Iwl
To make the sound jwj, relax your tongue, then
Practice for Mastery round your lips and press them back against the front
of your teeth. Make a sound as you release your lips.
(See Figure 41.)
after the speaker.
Does (h)e have any hope?

Hi! What's your hurry?
Howard is hiding in Ohio.
They have a huge hotel at Lake Tahoe.
Her husband brought home a huge mahogany
hutch.
About the Letter h

The letter h is silent in the following examples. Figure 41.
Listen, and repeat each word after the speaker. The sound /w/
EXAMPLES Listen to the examples and repeat them after the

speaker.
honor, honest vehement
herb exhaust
EXAMPLES
heir exhort
hour exhume way queen
one
away
awhile once
was
where
whistle
why (;:>1) twenty sweet
shepherd
John what
oh, ah when
night, fight, etc. where
though, through, etc. why
caught, bought, etc. khaki
rhythm
thyme
L __ . 135 _
"
136 PRONOUNCE h PERFECTLy iN ENGLish UNiT TWENTy-NiNE: TIlE SouNds Iwl, Iyl 137 "
\
Practice for Mastery Contrasting Sound Practice

Listen to the following sentences featuring the Compare the sound Iv I, from Unit Twenty-one,
sound Iw I, and repeat them after the speaker. w'ith the sound Iw I, by repeating the following words
after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
When will we go away?
The wind whistled in the woods. IvlIvl wow
we're
Iwl went
west
while IwlI vile
wine
wary
ways,vow
vest
veer
wheel, weighs
we'll
vase
very,
vine vary
vent
veal
Dwight and Duane went to Guam.
Why was there a war?
One of the twins walked twenty miles.
Wanda wore her white dress on Wednesday.
I went for a walk with Walter McGuire.
About the Letter w Recognition Practice

The letter ~ is silent in the following words. Listen, Four sentences featuring the previous sounds Iv I
and repeat each word after the speaker. and Iw I are recorded next on the CD. Below, circle the
ones you hear, then check your answers on page 140.
EXAMPLES
EXERCISE
who, whom, whose, whole two
wren, write, wrong toward 1. He took the veal. He took the wheel.
sword knowledge 2. It's in the vest. It's in the west.
3. Vv'hat's the vine like? What's the wine like?
4. Veer to the left. We're to the left.
Practice in Context
Repeat this poem after the speaker, one line at a
time, to practice Iw I. Introducing the Sound Iyl
To pronounce Iy I, spread your tongue flat and
Why do we have an h in why, toward the back of your mouth; do not let your
and where, when, what, and white? tongue touch the palate. Next, make a wide smile
Well, there's a ~ in who, whose, and whole, with your lips and bring your tongue forward with a
and write when the meaning is right. voiced sound. (See Figure 42.)
138 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TWENTY-NiNE: TIlE SOUNds Iwl, Iyl 139
EXAMPLES
May I use your iron?

Yes, you may use it any time.
He's a popular hockey player at the university
this year.
The Miami lawyer was triumphant yesterday.
About the Letter y-
The letter X is silent in the following words. Listen,

Figure 42. and repeat each word after the speaker.
The sound /y/

after the speaker.

Compare the sound Ijl from Unit Twenty-two,
with the sound Iy I by repeating the following words.
When the sound IYI is followed by the vowel EXAMPLES

sound lu/, the combination is exactly the same as the
vowel sound liuw I. Ijl year jot
Iyl
yet
mayor
yam
Iyl
yell
yacht
yoke joke
jgIjl
yellow etel
major
jam
jello
jeer them after the
Listen to the examples and repeat
speaker.
Practice for Mastery Four sentences using the sounds Ijl and IYI are
recorded next on the CD. Circle the ones you hear
Listen to the following sentences featuring the and check your answers on page 140.
sound Iy I, and repeat them after the speakers.
EXERCISE
• ., DoublE CONSONANTS
UNiT TltiRTY ========= ,~
1. There's no juice. There's no use.
2. My uncle is the My uncle is the
Sometimes a word ending in a consonant sound is
major. mayor.
3. Has he come Has he come followed by a word beginning with the same conso-
nant sound, or one formed in the same position. To
by jet? by yet?
pronounce these "double consonants," do not release
4. Are you going Are you going
to Yale? the sound between words. Emphasize the sound by
to jail?
holding it a little longer.
Listen to the following examples, and repeat them
Practice in Context after the speaker.
Now, repeat the following poem after the speaker, EXAMPLES

one line at a time, to practice /j/
and /y/.
~+~ Keep practicing
N+N Grab Brian's hand.
Jeremy bought a yellow jet, ~+N That pup belongs to her.
And then he got a yacht.
"Why did you get the yacht," asked Brett, N+N It's not too much.
"When you haven't used the yellow jet yet?"
W+W Dad didn't tell me.
N+W Don't do that.
Answers to Exercises /kJ+/kJ I like candy.
Recognition Practice, p. 137 He took the wheel. It's in the vest.
What's the wine like? We're to the left. Igl + Igl That rug goes here.
Recognition Practice, There's no use. My uncle is the major. IkI + Igl They like green apples.
Has he come by yet? Are you going to jail?
If I + If I Keep off Freddie's flowers.
Ivl + Ivl I love Vermont.
Ivl + If I He has lots of friends.
Isl + Isl That's scary.

Izl + Izl His zeroes are in the wrong place.
Izl + Isl His science class is interesting.
IU + /II He'll like it.
Irl + Irl They are wrong.
Iml + 1m! We named him Mike.
Inl + In! Dan knows the truth.
leI + leI Are you going with three bags?

leI + 1i'J1 He left with the dog.
141
142 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTly iN ENGlislt
There are two exceptions to this pattern. The

sounds /ch/ and /j/
must be released before pro-
PART TItREE
nouncing another word.
speaker.
STRESS PATTERNS
EXAMPLES
fchl + fchl I can't reach Charles.

fjf + fjf Willyou judge Jack's team?
fchl + fjf She's goingto teach geometry.
English words can be divided into syllables. Each
spoken vowel sound makes one syllable. A syllable
can be
• a vowel sound alone, Listen to these examples of one-syllable words and
repeat them after the speaker.
• a vowel before a consonant,
• a vowel after a consonant, or EXAMPLES
• a vowel betvveenconsonants. ice
be
Vowel alone
I cute
you
tough to
oh
on
big
Consonant-vowel-
Vowel-consonant
Consonant-vowel consonant
Each syllable in a word has a degree of emphasis,

called stress. There are three stress levels in English,
primary (/), secondary (I), and unstressed (-).
Each word of two or more syllableshas one syllable
that is longer and louder than the others. It has pri-
mary stress. In the examples that follow, these
syllables are represented in extra bold letters.
Some words and syllables have secondary stress,
which is slightly weaker than the primary one, but
louder and longer than an unstressed one. These syl-
lables are represented in bold letters in the examples.
There are many unstressed syllables in English.
They have a short, soft vowel sound and may be diffi-
cult to hear at first. They are represented in the exam-
ples in Roman type. Unstressed vowels pronounced
jaj are in light blue italics. Be careful to emphasize
any consonants that occur with unstressed vowels.
145
UNiT ThiRTy-Two: Two-SyLlAbLE WORds 147
• ... T wo ...SUNiT
yLlAbLE WORds
ThiRTY" Two ==--=-~--=--=---= EXAMPLES
row
sic
Stress onlow
bow
my
gue
ew
tist Stress on second
l1-ar-
ue
tyfirst
ing
by
val-
III
ba-
el-
lowl
den-
mu- iyl
build-
liuwl
neph-
fol-
ci- syllable syllable
Introducing Primary Stress 1
A word with two vowel sounds has two syllables.
One syllable has primary stress. Say it a little louder re- mit
nique
bey
kay
duct
peat
gin
and longer than the other. Pronounce the vowel with de-
o-
be-
importance. o-
u-
The vowel of the unstressed syllable is usually pro-
nounced I-;JI, no matter how it is spelled. Make the
vowel sound short. Pronounce the consonant sounds
clearly and distinctly.
after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
-
1citeed
tor
viceure
prised
Primary dier
es
mate
-con-
sur-
stress ex-
ad- fused
on posePrimary stress on
sup- second syllable instead
lable watch-
fold-
seat- in- sist
im- mune
Usage Tip
• The stress patterns 1- and -I indicate the differ-
ence between certain nouns and verbs.
after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
1
bel
cord
sent
Nounsject -
ress
ord pre-
ent
el
gress ob-
pro-
re-
- Verbs
The sounds liy/, low I, liuw/, and III often keep ject
rec-
reb-
ob-
their normal pronunciations in unstressed 1
prog-syllables.
pres-
after the speaker.
146
148 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTLy iN ENGLislt UNiT TliiRTy-Two: Two-SyLLAbLE WORds 149
To practice the difference in stress between nouns Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
and verbs, repeat the following sentences after the speaker.
speaker.
EXAMPLES
Iblack-
I
free
born
new-
Nouns store
most
lord
road
note
foot-
kid-
clean
foot
house
I bare- Verbs
fore-
care-
EXAMPLES
dog
napdown-
plane brain-
dry- home-
mail wash
grade sick
Adjectives
land- Ihot- make- up rail-
We're going to present bird-
black-
him withboard
drug-
air- a present at
the reception.
His brother is a rebel. He rebels against all the
established rules.
•
If you don't object, I "rill put several objects on
the table.
"vVhendid you record your last record?," the
boy asked the singer.
Introducing Secondary Stress

• The stress patterns II and - I indicate the differ-
Some two-syllablewords have primary ences between some nouns and verbs.
stress on the first syllable and secondary Listen to the examples and repeat them after the
stress on the second syllable. Say the first speaker.
syllable strongly. Emphasize the second syllable a little
less, but say it with a clear vowel. EXAMPLES
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the flict
tract
trast
vert
duct
bine
mit dpro-
test
count
pact
Nounspect con-
sus- com-
is- Verbs
per-
speaker. dis-
sus- pact
con- I
per-
com-
pro- bine
EXAMPLES
ac- cent
come
sect
male
lete
in-
ath-
trans-
in-
fe- fer
Usage Tips
• The stress pattern II is common for compound Now repeat these sentences to practice the noun-
words. verb differences in stress.
150 PRONOUNCE IT PERfECTLy iN ENGLislt UNiT TltiRTY-Two: Two-SyLLAbLE WORds 151
EXAMPLES
The student's conduct was unacceptable. Have you seen my teen?

The teacher had to conduct him to the principal. She's a high school queen
vVesigned a contract to buy the house. Between sixteen and seventeen.
Now we have to contract an architect to She can be flirty, act like thirty,
remodel it. Or a baby, then a lady,
The young boy's father wouldn't permit him to She makes her mother feel like eighty,
get a driver's permit. Or eighteen.
I suspect he is one of the suspects .
• The stress patterns I I and I I distinguish com-
• The stress patterns I I and I - are important for pound words from other modified nouns.
distinguishing the "teen" numbers from the Listen to the examples that follow and repeat them
"tens." Note also that they have different pronun- after the speaker.
ciations of the letter 1.
Listen to the next examples and repeat them after EXAMPLES
the speaker. IIroom

Compounddog
I
bird word Modifier
hot
blue
dark
black
green board+ noun
house
hotdog I
darkroombluebird
blackboard
greenhouse
Teens Tens
I
thir- teen thirty
fourteen forty
fifteen fif- ty
sixteen six- ty Listen to these sentences, which compare com-
eighteen eighty pound nouns with other modified nouns, and repeat
nineteen nine- ty them after the speaker.
Seventeen and seventy have an additional
unstressed syllable:
seven teen seven ty
The kitchen was a dark room.
There was a darkroom in the basement for
Say the following poem, one line at a time, after the
photos.
speaker, to practice the tens and· teens. I saw a blue bird in the yard.
I don't think it was a bluebird.
They bought a new house with a greenhouse
and a birdbath in the back.
152 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TkiRT}'-Two: Two-SyllAblE WORds 153
EXAMPLES
I live in a white house, but it's not The White
House. on
back
in
off
up
down
out
off take
Idownfind
hand
take
sput out
low wind
hand
put take
in
use
leaveupout
up give
calm
He said a few cross words
call when
dream
back
clean up he couldn't
dress back
finish the crossword puzzle.
It was 100°, and Rover was one hot dog.
Hot dogs are great at baseball games.
• Some words have secondary stress on the first

syllable, and primary on the second.
speaker.
EXAMPLES Practice for Mastery

date un-
toon
do with- Idraw Now repeat the following sentences featuring ~he
er
- pack un-
up-
I stress pattern.
ese
pone I
EXAMPLES
After we unpack, we'll play Chinese checkers.

I'm going to the cashier to withdraw the money.
She will rewind the cartoon for you.
• Verbs with the prefix re, when it means "to do
We'll retest your blood and postpone your
again," also have II as a stress pattern. routine exam.
Listen to the examples and repeat them after the Please slow down, or we'll wind up on the side
speaker. of the road.
Let's find out if we can take off next week.
EXAMPLES
I'll call off the next party if you don't clean up
II re- word
set
tell
I re- think
write
wind
play after this one.
• Some verbs followed by prepositions have special

meanings, and are called two-word verbs or
phrasal verbs. They too have the II stress pattern.
speaker.
• UNiT
WORds whit
OR MORE SyLLAbLEs
~------._-------------
TltiRTY'" TItREE
TItREE
Words with three or more syllables have one sylla-

ble with primary stress. The other syllables are
UNiT TltiRTY' TItREE: WORds
Introducing Stress Pattern 2

WiTIt "} OR MORE SyllAblEs
Primary stress is on the second syllable and all

other syllables are unstressed.
Listen to the following examples of three-syllable
words and repeat them after the speaker.
155
either all unstressed, or one has secondary stress EXAMPLES

and the rest are unstressed.
-
Iam-
hi-
Iei-
ther
na pIe
part-
na-
sion
bit
ge-
-
ment
pro-
to-
tion ex-
Introducing Stress con- 1di-

de-
Pattern ba-
a-
Primary stress is on the first syllable and all other
syllables are unstressed.
Listen to these examples of three-syllable words
Next, listen to examples of four-syllable words with
EXAMPLES
pattern 2, and repeat them after the speaker.
I Jute
er
tor
tal
mal ni-
tedni-
ti-
i-ang
tureit-
ish- eshlevis-
dir- ful-
bus-
-esrm- i- ly
ing pi- est
00- eare-
EXAMPLES
a-
eu-
ri-
ence
l-ri-0-
fer-
mer-
per-
or
mu-
i- se- ni- cy me- ehan- i-
com- ty
ty gin- gen-
al cal
in-
ex- e-
Following are some five-syllable words with pattern

Listen to the following examples of four-syllable 2. Repeat them after the speaker.
words with pattern 1, and repeat them after the
speaker. EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES hIe
tive
ble
er-
it-
a- der-
af- ev-
op-
a-
fee- tion-
ly
tion- al-
ate- ly
I in-
pro- fes- sion- al- si-
co-
con- di- con-
for- tu- nate- ly per- man- ent- ly
in- no- amt- ly ser- i- ous- ly
154
156 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNiT TkiRTy-TkREE: WORds wiTk } OR MORE SyLLAbLEs 157 '
Introducing Stress Pattern 3 EXAMPLES
Primary stress is on the first syllable and secondary - I

stress is on the third syllable. All other syllables are
unstressed, a- pol- 0- gize con- grat- u- late
ap- pre- ci- ate par- ti- ci- pate
Listen to some examples of three-syllable words
with pattern 3, and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
I day-
Icise
er-
ve-
ble-
a-
phone
lope
ball
logue
cog-
to- nize
e-
i-
ket-
graph
pha- cloth
ate Itel.
re-
ta-
thun-
bet (verb
fy der- storm
qual-form)
i-
pho-
Secondary stress is on the first syllable and primary
stress is on the second syllable.The other syllablesare
unstressed.
Listen to the following examples of words with pat-
tern 5 and repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
ath- let- ic trans- par- ent

beau- ti- cian urn- brel- la
Following are examples of four-syllablewords with va- ca- tion
out- stand- ing
pattern 3. Repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
va- torca-
I-dic-
or-din-
tion-
e- a- a-sion
tel-tede-
ryvi-
ry
I Secondary stress is on the first syllable and primary
stress is on the third syllable, All other syllables are
unstressed.
Listen to the following examples of three-syllable
words with pattern 6 and repeat them after the
speaker.
Primary stress is on the second syllable and second- EXAMPLES
ary stress is on the fourth syllable. All other syllables
are unstressed.
af- der-
neer
pear line
noon
0-
stand
neer
ter-
gi- neseun-
eerpi-
Jap-
gas- 0-
a-
Listen to the next examples of words with pattern ap-
auc-
dis- tion-
en-
4, and repeat them after the speaker.
158 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisk
Now listen to these four-syllable words that have

pattern 6. Repeat them after the speaker.
EXAMPLES Prefixes are one- or two-syllable additions that

ti-
le-
ra-
ca-tion
denceIfac-
co-
ni-
nom-
sal
tise-
u-
de-
ment
o-
tion
ver-
bra-
ca-
pli-
ver-
fi-cial
ture ics occur at the beginning of some words. They carry cer-
pen-
n- ed-
- u-
ad- tain meanings that modiry the words.
The following examples contain one-syllable pre-
fixes that are usually unstressed. Listen to the words
EXAMPLES
PrefIx General
meaning
of prefIx
co- co- op- er- ate with

con- con- tinue with
com- com- mit- tee with
de- de- liver down, from
dis- dis- cuss negative
ex- ex- hib- it out, from
mis- mis- take wrong
prepare before
pre-
pro- test for
pro-
re- re- ward back
Other one-syllable prefixes usually have secondary

stress. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
159
160 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisk
EXAMPLES •' . Two.-SyLlAbLE PREfixES

UNiT TltiRTy ..FivE
ra-un-
o-
ma in-
re-
non-
write
lo-
PrefIXous all
two
not si- not
pyvice-
letir-
trans-
pan-
hap-
0-
nour-
bi-
mal-
sub-
poi-
res-
pon-
son-
eptpost-
pres-
gy ishfer
dent
deputy not
ble
i- pone not after
again across
under
badly General
bi- of prefIX
meaning
As mentioned in the preceding unit, there are pre-
fixes that have two syllables. Here are some examples:
EXAMPLES
PrefIX one
before
self
one
around
between
more
less
tiny than
extremethanto
normal
normal
against
opposite
General
many meaning
multi-
ultra
anti- - -
uni-
auto-
mono-
counter-
circum
micro-
poly-
inter-
hyper-
hypo-
ante-
When these prefixes form a three-syllable word,

there is usually primary stress on the first syllable, fol-
lowed by an unstressed syllable and secondary stress
on the third syllable.
Repeat the following examples after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
I -
Imat
te-
ti-
to-
ni-
sound
date
freeze
verse
plycum-
ti-
tra- Imul-
rail
ul-
cize u-0-
mi-
mon-
point
cro- scope
COUll-an-
au-
cir- ter-
an-
161
When two-syllable prefixes form a word of four or

more syllables, there is usually secondary stress on the
first syllable, no stress on the second, and primary
stress on the third. The remaining syllables are
unstressed.
Listen carefully and repeat the next examples after
-•• UNiT TltiRTy--Six
SuffixES
Suffixes are additions of one or more syllables that

may be attached to the end of words. They usually
have a grammatical function. For example, they can
the speaker. change the part of speech of a basic word, change the
tense of a verb, and change the form of an adjective.
EXAMPLES
It is important to pronounce suffixes clearly, with
the proper stress. They are almost always unstressed:
ante-
o-
ni
lin-
ti-
to-
let
der-
sco-
vi-
ce-
ma-
ac-
na-
so- ter
sal
tion-
dent
cial
tic
tive
tion
ter-
cum-
cro-
ver-
al
es- 0-
tti-
ra-
ly-
mic
pic tion
clock-
ven- wise Say the vowel sound quickly and with your mouth
per-
po-
gual
ter-
hy- almost closed, but pronounce the consonant sounds
in these syllables distinctly.
After the speaker, repeat the following words that
end in unstressed one-syllable suffixes.
EXAMPLES
hand-
rent
rence
oc-cur-
driv-
sion
ment
cur-
at-ten-
tion
tant
tance
so-cial-
er
em-ploy-
Noun suffIxes
some
ate
ist
ee
grad-u-
gov-em-
ex-pan-
im-por-
-tion
-ist
-ence
-ent
-ee
-sian
-er
-ant
-ate
-some
-ment
-ance
Some exceptions to this pattern are as follows.

Listen, then repeat after the speaker.
I - - /
~ au- to- mo- bile
anti-
ty
pate mo-
lli-
ci-
0- ny
mo-
pa- not-
sis
thy
mo- 0- lya- mOllS
nop- nog- I 163
164 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TltiRTY,Six: SuffiXES 165
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
rent
sive
brav-
cur-
ex-ces-
au-to-mat-
ic
mu-si-
est
mul-ti- Noun suffIXes
Adjectivejeal-
cal
ate
er
ful
grad-u-
OtiS
suffIXes
pIe
help-
-
-day hol- i- day
-graph phot- o- graph
-tude at- ti- tude
EXAMPLES
-ize
-ate --
Verbcizei- crit-
suffIXes
ate
grad-
qual-
I
fy u-
i-
-fy
EXAMPLES
Verb suffIXes The noun suffix -eer has primary stress.

Repeat the next example after the speaker.
-ed wanted
EXAMPLES
-es uses
-ing reading I
pi- 0- neer auc- tio- neer
rac- ke- teer
EXAMPLES
Adverb suffIXes
The adjective suffix -ese has primary stress.
Repeat the example after the speaker.
-ly slowly rap id ly
hap pi ly EXAMPLES
I
The following one-syllable suffixes are exceptions
Jap- a- nese Le- ba- nese
to the unstressed pattern. They have secondary stress.
Su- 00- nese
Repeat them after the speaker.
Some suffixes have two syllables. Both are

unstressed.
166 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlisli UNiT TliiRTy-Six: SuffiXES 167
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
Nounter
torsuffIxes
gy
ty
n;-
a-
bi-0-
sen-
u- son
ther-mom-
na-tion-al-
lo-
i- pher
e-
ra-
ste-nog-
(noun suffix) for-ma-tion
-ator
(adverb suffix) e-vi-dent-ly
Now repeat the following nouns that have second-

ary stress on the first syllable of the suffix.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
ble
ar
er
ry
ble so-
li-
si-
cal pa-
est i-
Ii- sen-
ti- suffIxes
sil-an
Ca-na-
rad-
ca-
sen-
su-pe-
pret- di-
Adjective
rycia-
di-
to- mta-
in- tor
lis-
a-
ven-
dic-
so-
me-
-able
Some suffixes may cause the stress of the basic

word form to shift to another syllable. Repeat the
examples after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
I - - I
EXAMPLES
Adverb suffIxes a-pol-o-gy a -pol-o -get- ie

I - - I - -
-ally ly
ly ous-
cal- ly
ser-i-
nent-
per-ma- ly
com-pe-ti-
prac-ti-
vate-
pri- tive- cu-li-ous eu -li -os-;-ty
I
e-con-o-my ee-o-nom-ies
1-- I -
i-ro-ny i-ron-ie
The following two examples are exceptions to the
pattern. They have primary stress on the first syllable - I I -
of the suffix. Listen and repeat the words after the ne-go-ti-ate ne-go-ti-a-tion
speaker.
...-'" ----.---
168
I
PRONOUNCE
pho-to-graph
-- --
IT PERFECTLy
pho-tog-ra-pher
iN ENGLislt
pho-tog-ra-phy
•'.. , UNiT TliiRTy ...SEVEN
SENTENCE STRESS
I I- II - I- I
scho-Ias-tic
pub-li-ca-tion
pol-i-ti-cian
pub-lic-i-ty
Introducing the Patterns
r 'When several words are spoken together in a
I - phrase or sentence, certain words are stressed and
others are spoken more softly and quickly.
Stressed Words
Four types of words are stressed in a sentence or
phrase. Say them a little louder than the unstressed
words. Following are examples of sentences contain-
ing only stressed words.
1. Most content words-nouns, verbs, adjectives,
and adverbs.
Listen to the following examples of sentences
formed with only content words. Repeat each sen-
tence, imitating the speaker's stress pattern.
EXAMPLES
Charles Jones taught English.

Shirley reads aloud every day.
Aunt Janet always makes long-distance calls.
Jason plays basketball.
2. Interrogative words-who, whose, when, where,

whv, what, and how-when they begin questions.
Repeat these examples after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
Where's Mary's school?

Why's Charlie leaving?
When's Sally's party?
Who's coming?
169
170 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlish UNiT ThiRTy-SEVEN: SENTENCE STRESS 171
3. Demonstrative pronouns-this, that, these, and

those-when not followed by a noun.
Listen to the next examples and repeat the exam-
ples after the speaker.
2. Prepositions, such as to, from, with, in, on,
throu~h, for, Qx, over, under, etc.
EXAMPLES
4. Possessive pronouns-mine, ~, his, hers, for a dog to the hospital

ours, theirs. with an apple around the room
on the chair over the hill
in the house after the concert
after the speaker.
through the door before the show
EXAMPLES
of a family
That ticket's mine. David sold his.

3. The subject pronouns 1, ):'Q!!, he, she, i!, we, and
This is yours. \Ve bought ours yesterday.
thev.
Barbara got hers. They gave theirs away.
Unstressed Words EXAMPLES
There is no stress on most function words in a I know the lesson.

You found the book on the shelf.
phrase or sentence. Here, you will find these words
broken down into 13 groups. Say them quickly, but be She tells secrets to everybody.
sure to pronounce the consonants clearly. The He talks on the phone too much.
unstressed words are printed in italics. We eat fish on Fridays.
Do not stress: They travel to Europe a lot.
1. The articles £, an, the.
4. The possessive pronouns !!.!.X,
vour, his, her, our,
Listen to your CD and repeat these examples after
their.
the speaker, trying to imitate the speaker's stress pat-
tern. Repeat these examples after the speaker.
172 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLisk UNiT TkiRTy-SEVEN: SENTENCE STRESS 173
5. The object pronouns me, ~, her, him, us, them. 9. The to before a verb.
Repeat the following examples after the speaker. Say the following examples after the speaker.
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
I saw him. They warned you. He needs to work.

They told me. My dad helped us. I like to eat
early.
We asked her. Put them on the table. My mother loves to cook.
IVe want to see the whole movie.
6. The demonstrative adjectives-this, that, these,
and those-when followed by a noun. 10. Auxiliary verbs, such as am, i.§., are, was, were,
Repeat the next examples after the speaker. do, does, did, have, has, had, isn't, wasn't, didn't, ete.
EXAMPLES
after the speaker.
This book is interesting.
She bought that house. EXAMPLES
We like these shoes.
I am working in the house.
Those boys talk too loud. She is talking on the phone.
He was helping them.
7. Forms of the verb be-am, are, !§, was, were, When do we start school?
aren't, isn't, wasn't, weren't. Why does he travel so much?
Say the following examples after the speaker. Have you done your work?
We have been working all day.
EXAMPLES He had always told the truth.
I am here. They had had a bad day.
We were in the garden.
He is a tall man. He wasn't late.
11. Modal auxiliaries, such as can, must, have to,
They are all sick.
should, could, would, ete.
8. The expressions there is and there are.
Repeat the examples after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES John can come.

Joe has to work.
There is a car in the driveway. Sam should leave.
There is one apple in the basket.
We would like to help.
There is jewelry in that box.
You mustn't go in the street.
There are too many cars on the road.
Kathy doesn't have to work.
There are five people in the family.
174 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TltiRTy-SEVEN: SENTENCE STRESS 175
12. Who, whose, when, where, Why, what, and how EXAMPLES
in the middle of a sentence.
She can't help him with the cooking.
Listen to these examples and repeat them after the
I'll come to the party if I can.
speaker.
We would lend you the car if UJecould.
Carol has a new car, but Margaret doesn't.
, EXAMPLES He doesn't know I'm unhappy, but I am.
Jenny has a cousin whose name is Smith.
Do you know where she lives?
Only Courtney knows why she said that. Practice for Mastery
He didn't tell me when to come.
Now practice the stress patterns
I can figure out how to do it. discussed in this unit by repeating the
following sentences after the speaker.
13. Other short function words, such as and, but,
or, §Q, not, if, as, because, whether, since, until, EXAMPLES
though, although.
The money is in the bank.
Repeat the following examples after the speaker. He came over to talk to me.
She can help him with the cooking.
EXAMPLES I should buy a new dress for the wedding.
Mary and Bob have plenty of food, such as sand- IVe could lend you our car.
wiches, cakes, and cookies. I will send you a letter tomorrow.
Joe, not John, has been here since noon. They're walking to the store.
Scott was worried because his wife was so late. He didn't work because he was sick.
I'll stay until he calls, then I'll leave so you Karen and Danny stayed until they knew
can study. uJhether or not Val tcas coming.
Although you're sick, you can eat with Carolyn
or Sue. • Any word can be given extra stress to emphasize
I don't know whether he was late or not. or clarify a statement.
If you eat that much, you'll be as sick as a dog. In the examples that follow, emphasis is shown in
boldface. Listen, and repeat each sentence after the
speaker.
Exceptions
• The negative modal, can't, is usually stressed.
• When auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries are
not followed by a verb, they have strong stress.
after the speaker.
176 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt UNiT TltiRTy-SEVEN: SENTENCE STRESS 177
EXAMPLES
Learning to speak
a language
Meaning is a Iittl e like
I wanted to go to (not the movies.) learning to dance.
the circus.
They both take a long time
They didn't go (They went to Paris, to master,
to France. Virginia!) !Jut are fun
I lost my ring on my (not from the store.) from the beginning.
way to the store. Both require interaction
(I didn't give her the with another person,
He gave her the
money. money.) who is saying or doing
He gave her the (He didn't lend her something different.
money. the money.) Fluent speakers
He gave her the (He didn't give the and good dancers
don't have to think
money. money to me.)
about their skills.
He gave her the (He didn't give her
money. the car.) They perform them naturally.
To acquire these skills,
you need a lot of practice
Be careful not to use extra stress if you do not
and patience.
intend special meaning. Encouragement from someone else
Next, listen to the following paragraph, paying helps a great deal.
close attention to the stress patterns.
Read the paragraph aloud again, practicing the
Learning to speak a language is a little like proper stress. Try recording your reading on tape to
learning to dance. They both take a long see if it sounds natural.
time to master, but are fun from the begin- Here is another paragraph. Listen to it on your
ning. Both require interaction with another tape, noting the speaker's stress patterns.
person, who is saying or doing something
different. Fluent speakers and good dancers Last May we had a surprise party at my
don't have to think about their skills. They house for one of my friends. It was his fiftieth
perform them naturally. To acquire these birthday. We invited about thirty people, and
skills, you need a lot of practice and most of them were able to come. One couple
patience. Encouragement from someone even traveled all the way [rom New Jersey.
else helps a great deal. Several people who had been away for a long
time were here. Most of the guests hadn't
met each other before the party, but they
Now, repeat the paragraph, one phrase at a time,
were having a wonderful.time talking during
after the speaker.
the half-hour before the birthday man
arrived. It seemed that a very special person
178 PRONOUNCE IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLish
was a magnet for other special people. When PART FOUR

he got here, he was really surprised, and
happy to see so many friends. It was a good
party. INTONATioN
Now, repeat each phrase after the speaker.
Last May
PATTERNS
we had a surprise party
at my house
for one of my friends.
It was his fiftieth birthday.
We invited about thirty people,
and most of them
were able to come.
One couple even traveled
all the way from New Jersey.
Several people
who had been away
for a long time
were here.
Most of the guests
hadn't met each other
before the party,
but they were having
a wonderful time talking
during the half-hour
before the birthday man arrived.
It seemed
that a very special person
was a magnet
for other special people.
When he got here,
he was really surprised,
and happy to see
so many friends.
It was a good party.
Read the paragraph aloud again, comparing your

stresses with those of the speaker.
Intonation is the "musical score" of a language.
Each "tune" has a special meaning. In the following
units, the intonation patterns are represented graph-
•'o. ,
Pattern ~
UNiT TltiRTy--EiGlfT
.
GREETiNGS
-----
-----
- _
ically:A horizontal line means that the words are all

delivered at approximately the same pitch level; a ris- On your CD, listen to the intonation pattern in
ing line means that the pitch rises; a descending line the following examples, and repeat them after the
means that it falls. speaker.
EXAMPLES
Good morning. Be careful.

Good afternoon. Drive safely.
Good evening. Say hello to your mother.
Good night. Goodbye.
Hello. Bye.
Hi. Thank you.
Excuse me. You're welcome.
Take care. See you later.
"\Thenyou say the name of the person you are talk-

ing to, add a second pattern to the previous greeting:
.-./.
Now, repeat these phrases.
EXAMPLES
Good morning, Bill.

Good evening, Miss Jones.
Be careful, Emily.
Say hello to your mother, John.
181
Pattern 1: ~
UNiT TltiRTy,NiNE
.
STATEMENTS -••
Pattern 1: Tag Questions ~

UNiT FORTY
QUESTioNS
---./ ?
Listen to the speaker's intonation pattern in the This is the same pattern used for a greeting fol-
following examples of one-phrase sentences, then lowed by a name. (See Unit Thirty-eight.)
repeat each sentence after the speaker. Listen to and repeat each of the following sen-
tences after the speaker.
EXAMPLES
I have a dog. EXAMPLES

She's my sister.
They're from Venezuela. It's beautiful.
He's coming, isn't he?
We're going to visit them. vVelove it.
You're a lawyer, aren't you?
He's here.
My sister told you, didn't she?
You'll come to my party, ,von't you?
Pattern 2: ---1' ~.
Listen to the following examples of avo-phrase sen- Pattern 2: Tag Questions Indicating
tences, and repeat them after the speaker. Displeasure ~ ~ ?
A message of displeasure can be conveyed through
EXAMPLES a different intonation pattern. Listen to the same sen-
. He's here, but she isn't. tences, noting the change in the speaker's tone and
I have a dog, and you have a cat. repeat each question after the speaker.
She's my sister, and he's my cousin.
When I see him, I'll tell him. EXAMPLES
After you get here, have a cup of coffee. He's coming, isn't he?
Before you start, take a deep breath. You're a lawyer, aren't you?
My sister told you, didn't she?
You'll come to my party, won't you?
This pattern can also indicate confidence in the

response.
As before, repeat the example.
182 183
=
Pattern 3: Questions with Question Words-1\?

You will note that this is the same pattern as that
used in greetings and one-phrase statements. Try to
UNiT FORT}': QUESTioNS
Pattern 4: Questions Indicating Annoyance \

Next, repeat these questions that show annoyance
through the intonation pattern.
EXAMPLES
Why do you ask?

'When is he coming?
'Where did you hear that?
185
imitate the speaker's tone.

Who did this to you?
Listen to and repeat each sentence after the speaker.
Pattern 5: Questions Without Question

Words -/' ?
Here is the last set of questions. As before, repeat
each one after the speaker.
When an answer to your question is suggested, it is
on a higher tone: -----1'\. ---.I EXAMPLES
As before, repeat these examples after the speaker. \Vas she there?
Are you happy?
Will he win? Were they hurt?
EXAMPLES
Do you like it? Did you see it?
When are you going, Friday?
Who is the teacher, Miss Smith?
Why are you crying, to make me feel bad?
Where did he go, to the movies?
The answers to the preceding questions have their

own pattern: ~ . (pause) ~.
•' . 'COUNTiNG

UNiTANd LisTiNG
FORTy ...ONE •'0, I

UNiT FORTy ...Two
OpTioNS
:1
Fundamentally, the intonation pattern used in Pattern 1: When the Question Requires a
counting and listing is a series of level and rising "Yes" or "No" Answer
tones that end with a final drop in pitch.
Listen to your CD and repeat the questions after
the speaker. Then listen for and repeat the answers.
Counting
Listen to your CD and repeat the following exam- EXAMPLES
ples after the speaker.
Question
'-- - --
Answer
EXAMPLES
--/ --/ ---./ ---/ ~ --- _---/

Wwld you like -
No, I would
---....
rather
One, two, three, four, five.
- -- ------./ - --
potatoes or carrots?
~e you lliiliappy /
have fruit.
---.... ---
No, I feel just fine.
----..
-_---/ - - - ------./
Four hundred and thirty-seven, four hundred or uncomfortable?
-
---.... - -- -------.
- - - -~
and thirty-eight,
four hundred
four hundred and thirty-nine,
and forty.
Will he eat ice cream
--/
or cake?
Yes, he probably will
(but he should be on
a diet).
-----.. --...
Would 1';;; lih ~ / Yes, please, I'm thirsty.
Listing drink or something?
As before, repeat these examples after the speaker.

Pattern 2: When the Question Offers a
EXAMPLES
Limited Choice
- - ---/ ---/ ---/ - ------.
- - - - - --./ -
I need shoes, socks, shirts, and pants.
He ate two hamburgers,

----/ --
french fries, and an ice
------
EXAMPLES
Questions Answers
----...
cream cone. ]' would like carrots.
Would -----...
----/ you like
She likes perfume,
--./ - - --./ -
chocolates, flowers, and
--./ - --~
potatoes or carrots?
- -- --....
------. Are you unhappy or I'm unhappy.
money. lliicomfortable?
will k ;at ___ J/
ice cream He'll have cake.
--...
or~?
186 187
188
1. -
-
-
-
PRONOUNCE
Practice in Context
IT PERFECTly iN ENGlislt
Listen to the following dialogues on your

CD and repeat each line after the speaker.
Can you help me with these boxes, Steve?

No. I can't.
Why not?
-
••
They're too heavy. I hurt my back and I'm not sup-
posed to lift anything heavy.
•' o.
APPENDIX
1. More Words to Practice
lal in first
syllable: /II lul
- Well ... how am I going to get them upstairs? about did bush
- Call John and see if he'll help you! above cushion
fig
2. - Hi, Carol. How are you?
adore gm pudding
- Fine, thanks. How are you Ms. Johnson? agam his cook
- Fine. How's school these days? ahead kids good
- Oh ... it's O.K. but we have too much homework!
ajar lip hood
- Are you going to the game?
- Yes, are you? allow live rook
- No. I have to clean the garage. alone pm stood
- O.K. ... see you later.
annoy sister wool
- Bye, drive carefully!
appear tin wood
3. - Where are you going, Mom? around wm would
- To the movies. Do you want to come?
away ZIp should
- Oh ... I'd love to, but I have to go to the library.
- The library! Wow! I'm really proud of you. Are you
elect building
doing research? emerge guild
- No ... I'm going to pick up my friends. They need a
ride home. enough guilty
essential quick
4. - Come live with me in the city. You'll have lots of fun. exact quilt
- I don't like the city. It's too noisy. There's too much
exactly cymbal
traffic and pollution, and there's no place to park.
Why don't you come live with me in the country? object hymn
- I hate the country. It's too far away, and there's more occasIOn nymph
traffic out there than in the city. Besides, there's noth- offend
ing to do there. Don't you get bored?
- You're looking for an argument, aren't you? I can see
we weren't meant for each other.
- Don't be silly! I think this is a perfect relationship. I
really like living alone.
189
191
-----
stead
send
drew
usual
universe
useful
rest
stone
loan
known
lowl
Jew
true
so
liuwl
luwl
lend
tread
mend
no
zoo
blow
stew
moon
loaf
show
noon
soon
shown
hew
grew
fume
boulder
mute
tune
whose
clue
unity
truce
university
Hugh
coo
huge
although
regret
grow
crept
pew
ready
dough
pleasure
grown sun
ton
above
dove
won
ugh
fun
stuff
shove
bun lei
beg
bend
tough Joe
toe
foe
below
mow
tow
PRONOUNCE phone
jeopardy
utility
jewelry
puny
jewel
Jumor
leapt
municipal
glue !AI
IT PERFECTLy iN ENGLislt leg AppENdix
...
friendly
caught
193
PRONOUNCE
fraught
haughty.
"
-e
hi
wall
remam
fillet
van
buffet
land
daunt
Demoines
Ie al
refrain
loin
call
hand
mall
gone
grey
auction
fall
soy
tall
caucus
weight
pan
long
com
stain
train
grom
ran
fan
can
freight
persuade
feign
Jam
prong
great
whey
wrong
weigh
reIgn
song
JOY
neigh
prey
be
hey
jam
toy
ploy
enJoy
destroy
loiyl
boy
IT PERfECTly cafe
save
state
same
lame
gram
staple
resume haunted
raucous
care
fair
pause
taut
fare
dare
stand
jaundice
stayjaunt
tame
May
late
fate
long iN ENGlislt
gam
play
leiyl
pray
tape
clay
gray
plane
fray
grape stare
pare
gaunt
glare
jaunty crate
frame
crave
---- AppENdix
194
"
195
PRONOUNCE
hire
I've
barn
lard
star
twice
wow
now
tie
dad
fasten
laaow
tried
vowel
fried
loud
carbs
carve
farther
tar
car
fire
denied
black
bride
bar
I'm
kind
far
farmer
invite
brown
dark
trite
owl
starve
larl
dried
shower1
hat
frown
castle
hash
brat
howl
crack
clown
cow
town
flat
mouth
our
bower
flower
flour
dour
lael
dapper
mouse
tower
flag
quite
Jar
cap
park
gash
plow
gouge
flap
jowl
gag
dagger
jack
prowl
e
IT PERFECTly
laiyl
entree
ha
wad
wash bsigh
flophaplight
mop
watch
yacht
clock
office
stock
ennm
bother
top
stop
plot
crop flight
iN ENGlisltmight
light Hawaii
father
lal
garage cry
haiku
slight
fry
buyer
cypress
my
height lye
dye AppENdix
Nat
gap
196
- careTom
mare
came
wme
cane
197
stare
tare
mete
note
Pete
cute
tote
mate
rate
Cate
fare
tome
cope
dude
dame
game
made
rode
dote
node
robe
code
ride dot
barerod
mope
paremop
tube
pmetam
wade
Dane
pIpe
dune
pane
mode
lade
rube tot
side ban
dime
same
fine
shame
time
lame
dine
hate
gnpe
gape
fade
npe
bade
bane
hope
slope
tripe
lowl
leal
PRONOUNCEhop
hidemad
Nate mod
bidebad
rape cam
Dan
can
dam
slop
cop
lam
Sam
liuwlI
luwlsham
gam
pan
laiyl
liyl
leiyl e!
a one-syllable
la~1 word
far
wad not
bar
tar
par
Ia!
IT PERfECTLy
car
mar.
star
robiN ENGLislt
when the letter.§. is added to
~ rub
tub
cod
dun
nod
dud
•.
pet
fAl
fAl
cut
I met
Ia! AppENdix

Pronounce It Perfectly in English (PDFDrive)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pronounce It Perfectly in English (PDFDrive)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

in ENGLISH

by Jean Yates, M.A.

BARRON'S EDUCATIONAL SERIES, INC.

© Copyright 2005,1995 by Barron's Educational Series, Ine.

All rights reserved.

All inquiries should be addressed to:

International Standard Book No.

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 2004050227

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

31 Syllables and Stress -.

recede them, and these

Appendix. Each sound is considered separately, by

lal in Unstressed Syllables

However, it takes a lot of practice to know when to ExAMPLES'

The consonant-vowel sequence k, especially at the

/;}/ in first so-da

vowel sound, the!;. is pronounced liy I. (See Unit

Listen to the examples and repeat them after the

Practice for Mastery EXAMPLES

Listen to the following sentences that feature the if pretty

I heard her journey was worth the worry.

Continue to practice this sound while learning the

Listen to the examples and repeat them after the

put look could woman

Practice for Mastery

Listen to the following examples and repeat them

Usage Tips EXAMPLES

Listen to the examples and repeat them after the

• Adverbs often end in the syllable !y, pronounced EXAMPLES

lliy I. III III seat

nicely quickly slowly

• A final liy I sound after a name can indicate

Now listen to several sentences that feature both

Sixsheep were sick on the ship.

To make the /uw / sound, keep the mouth slightly

1. sin scene·. Figure 5.

Practice for Mastery Recognition Practice

Introducing the Sound

To make this sound, keep the mouth slightly open,

This is a universal truth.

Practice for Mastery

Practice for Mastery

Buffy cut up the shrubs. 1. look luck

Contrasting Sound Practice Dictation Practice

lut IAI lut IAI

Now listen to sentences that feature both vowel Answers to Exercises

Send Ben for his friend.

Listen to the following examples and repeat them

Now repeat the following sentences which feature

Pick a peck of pickled peppers.

Practice for Mastery

Recognition Practice ExAMPLES

Five words featuring these sounds are recorded on liyl seed

Please feed the pets and weed the beds.

TIlE SouNd lowl Practice for Mastery

The low I followed by the consonant Irl is slightly

Listen to the examples and repeat them after the

Your war stories are boring.

Contrasting Sound Practice Dictation Practice

EXAMPLES Spelling Challenge

Bud wrote one note home.

TIlE SouNd loiyl EXAMPLES

Roy'stoys are noisy.