Name of Project: LAWC PARK RESIDENCES STP Date: Sept.

25, 2019
Location: Brgy. Tagapo, Sta. Rosa, Laguna Conducted by: Carlos A. Fabillar

Electrical Safety Awareness

Electrical Terms
Electricity – A form of energy that comes in positive and negative forms, that occur naturally
(as in lightning), or is produced (as in generator). A form of energy which we used to power
machines and electrical devices.
- The energy created by electrons moving through an electrical conductor
- All matter contains atoms that contain electrons are always moving. When electrons
are forced down a conductive path, such as a wire, the movement produces
electricity, or electric energy
Current – Flow of electric charge
Amps – base unit of electric current
Conductor – an object or materials that allows the flow of an electric in one or more
directions.
Ex.
1. Metal – Aluminum, iron, lead, brass, gold
2. Water
3. Air
Insulator – An object whose internal electric charges do not flow freely
Ex. Glass, rubber, porcelain, asbestos, thermoplastic,
Alternating Current – Periodically reverse direction ex. Power distribution lines, generator
Direct Current – unidirectional flow of electric charge ex. Power tools
Resistance – measure of difficulty of electric current to pass through that conductor
Share some conceptual parallel with the notion of mechanical friction
Ohms – base unit of electrical resistance
Voltage – derived unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive
force
How current enters the body
- The body, composed of water, is a good conductor of electricity
- Typical point of entry are the hands and feet as they come in contact with electrical
current

Resistance of the human body

- The inner resistance of a human body is about 500 to 1000 Ohms, but the skin
resistance greatly depends on the moisture content
- When sweaty, the skin resistance can decrease down by 12 times

Severity of shock
- Severity of shock is not determined by voltage alone but depends on:
1. Amount of current
2. Path/passage of current
3. Length of time of exposure
4. Type of current
5. Physical condition of victim
Electrical Risks
1. Burn by electrocution
2. Cardiac arrest by shock
3. Fire through sparks
4. Explosion by ignition
5. Burn by arc flashes

Hazard of electricity
- Electrical energy causing direct tissue damage, altering cell membrane resting
potential, and muscle paralysis tetany
- Conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, causing massive tissue
destruction, and coagulative necrosis
- Mechanical injury with direct trauma resulting from falls and violent muscle
contraction

DC Electricity Hazards
- High voltage DC tends to cause a single muscle contraction, often throwing the
victim away from the source
- This result in a shorter duration of exposure but brief contact with a DC source can
also result in disturbances in the cardiac rhythm
AC Electricity Hazard
- AC exposure to the same voltage tends to be three times more dangerous than DC
current
- The repetitive nature of AC increases the likelihood of current delivery to the heart
during the vulnerable recovery period of the cardiac cycle, which can result to
ventricular fibrillation

Current to the Human body to 220V electricity

220 volts / 1000 Ohms = 220 ma current flow
- If a human body with 100 Ohms resistance is exposed to household electricity at
220v a current of 220 ma will flow though the body
Resistance of the human body to different amperages
8-15 ma – pain
15-20 ma – pain, loss muscular control
20-100 ma – intense pain, paralysis of breathing muscles, possible suffocation
100-200 ma – ventricular fibrillation which will cause death
Over 200 ma, from 220 v household electricity
- Health movement stops
- Possible recovery if treated within 3 minutes
- Burns also occur
-

Electrical Accidents and Injuries

Electrocution Triangle = Electricity, Time, Path
- Electricity is the no.1 source of fire
Strict implementation of electrical safety at home
- Electrical Shock
Alive but severely burned
Alive but tissue severely damaged
Severely burned and dead

Causes of Accident by Electric Shock

1. Faults in facilities such as exposed charged part of electrical machines and
equipment – breaker, welding machine, outlet/plug, no cover or panel board
2. Damaged insulation of electrical wirings
3. Short – circuit – device is inadequate and is exceeded by a short – circuit
Short circuit occur when a voltage source has a low resistance path to ground
The result is a very large current flow and the wires can overheat
1. Wires eaten by rat/vermin
2. arcing short-circuit
a. Caused by unworkmanlike installations – nails or screws penetrating into
mechanically unprotected wires and cables beneath walls and ceiling
 b. An electrical switch sparks and heats up as voltage flows through a short
circuit. The current spikes and begins to arc, burning away plastic and
metals parts. Surging electricity overloads the wiring and starts a building
fire
c. Electrical short circuit in a fluorescent light in the office. The spark from
the electrical short circuit ignited the rubber insulator, which caught fire
d. Electrical short circuit are common in air-conditioning
e. Electrical short circuit that overloaded the battery

4. Accidental contact with a live wire

5. Overloading – octopus connection
6. Worker’s attitude such as working without appropriate PPE’s
7. Improper working method – inappropriate tools, unstable ladder, leaving
uninsulated exposed wire, no plug, no cable management
8. Wearing metal object as watches, rings, and necklaces
9. Wet and/or damp locations

- Electrical burns
First Degree – mild and injure only the outer layer of skin. The skin becomes red, but
turns white when touch. The area may also be painful to touch
Second Degree – deeper, more severe, and very painful. Blister may form on the
burned area. This type of burns takes 2 weeks to heal
Third Degree – deepest and most serious kind. The skin becomes white and leathery,
but it does not feel very tender when touched.

- Electrical Arc Flash

1. Affect personnel working on electrical distribution equipment that are likely
requiring services or maintenance while energized
2. Temperatures at terminal points can reach 49, 726deg c
3. Temperatures in the arc/flash zone can reach 19,726deg c
Electrical Hazard to watch out for
1. Loose electrical connections
2. Cord with frayed insulation
3. Plugs that do not match their outlets – 3 prong plug to 2 plug outlet
4. Non-waterproof cords, plugs, and outlet used outdoors
5. Equipment running over capacity
6. Tools that smell, smoke, spark, or shock
7. Wires running across the floor
8. Electrical cords in contact with hot appliances or soaked in water
9. Extension cords instead of permanent wiring
10. Octopus connections
11. Open wiring
12. Dust explosion
 Preventive Measures on Electric Shock
Keep Away, GFCI, Grounding
Protective Triangle

American Wire Gauge

Wire Size Handles up to
#10 30 amps
#12 25 amps
#14 18 amps
#16 13 amps
The larger the gauge number, the smaller the wire

Electrical Cable Protection

1. PP/PE Flexible Conduit (Polyethylene)
2. UPVC Conduit (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride)
3. PVC Conduit (Polyvinyl Choloride)
4. Flexible Metallic Conduit
5. IMC Steel Pre-Galvanized Conduit (Intermediate Metallic Conduit)
6. Rigid Aluminium Conduit
7. EMT Conduit (Electrical Metal Tubing)
Preventive Measure of Electric Shock
1. Use Grounding System
- Rod and pipe grounding electrodes must have 8 ft of length in contact with soil
- Galvanized pipe or conduit, stainless, iron or steel equal or more than 8 ft
2. Install GFCI
- Fast active device that senses small leakage current to ground and, in a fraction of
second, shuts off the electrical supply, thereby interrupting the fault current flow to
ground
3. Isolation of electrical conductors (High Voltage)
- Vaults and boxes
- Warning signs
4. Safe Clearance
- Elevation ( at least 10ft minimum ) of electrical cable specifically at construction site
- Minimum safe approach distance
- Strict implementation of safe approach distance at switch gear, and at switch yard
Clearance requirements from working in Power Transmission Lines and Transfromer
1. The employee is insulated and guarded from energized part (gloves or gloves with
sleeves rated for the voltage involved shall be considered insulation)
2. Flame resistant suit
3. No rings on finger, necklaces, and watches
4. Insulated mats
 5. Warning tape
6. Gloves rated

- Energized substation
Only qualified employee shall work on or adjacent to energized control panel
- Safe working distance from Power Lines
1. When operating near High Voltage Power Lines
Normal Voltage Minimum Required
Phase to Phase Clearance
50KV 10ft (3.1 m)
50KV – 200KV 15ft (4.3 m)
200 KV – 350 KV 20 ft (6.1 m)

2. While in transit with no load and boom, and mast lowered

0.75 KV 4ft (1.2 m)
.75 KV – 50 KV 6ft (1.3 m)
50 KV – 345 KV 10ft (3.1 m)

5. Insulation
- Use double insulated Royal Cord for tools
- Provide good insulation for appliances
- Ensure insulation between feet and moist ground
6. Use appropriate PPE
7. Use LOTO
8. JHA
9. Only certified/authorize electrician is allowed to conduct activity
Best practices is regular inspection
1. Check that wiring, movable wires, switches and all electrical machines and
equipment are provided with complete insulation cover and enclosures
2. If faulty, they must be repaired immediately
3. Before using electrical equipment, check that the earth conductor is connected and
not damaged, and the earth pole is not floating
4. Before using welding machines, check the electrode holder, safety devices, and tools
such as Automatic Voltage Reducing devices for AC welding machines and GFCI are
complete

Photo of Actual Electrical Safety awareness