1 | Mathematics in the Modern World

UNIT 1. MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD

1.O Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of this unit you are expected to:
a. Identify pattern in nature and describe
b. Explain the importance of mathematics in one’s life
c. Express appreciation the beauty of mathematics and
d. Solve problems involving pattern in nature
e. Define sequence
f. Find the next few terms of a sequence
g. Define Fibonacci sequence
h. Find the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence
i. Determine the sum of the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence
j. Solve problems involving Fibonacci sequence

1.1 Introduction

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

God made us. He made us so especial, our life is not fluke of nature. Our
parents may not have planned us, but God did. Long before we were conceived
by our parents, we were conceived in the mind of God. He thought we first. It is
not fate nor® chance,
Microsoft nor
Encarta ® luck,©nor
2009. coincidences,
1993-2008 Microsoft we are aliveAllbecause
Corporation. of Gods
rights reserved.
want. God prescribe every single detail of our body. He deliberately chose what
color of our skin to be, our hair and every other feature. He custom – made our
body just the way he wanted it. He also determines the natural talents we would
possess and the uniqueness of our personality. He also decided when we would
be born and how long we would live on earth. God’s creation is so amazing and
beautiful that must be cared for. Everything on earth starts from God. and as you
can notice all things done by God can be intimately connected with mathematics,
because God is an architect and mathematician. We created by God through
pattern, and all parts of human body can be calculated and explained in terms
of mathematics. Mathematics also helps predict the behavior of nature and the
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certain phenomena on earth. And because of mathematics we are now facing in

the modern technologies, many scientists discovered some sophisticated
weapon to destroy things in a few minutes, we have now a lots gadget like
cellphone use for calling and texting to anybody. Everything can be operating
and manipulating based on mathematical logic. So in these instances, just like
the above scenario, we can say that Mathematics can be seen everywhere,
anywhere, anyone and anybody.
1.2 Mathematics in our world and Pattern in nature

Everything was made by a pattern, most actions in our daily lives is

an example of a pattern because it keeps repeating.
Patterns are regular, repeated or recurring forms or designs. It is also a set of
objects and numbers with related to each other and has a specific rule to be
followed.

Example 1. What do you think will be the next figure?

Answer.

Example 2. What number comes next?

5, 10 15, 20, __.

Answer. Each succeeding term is multiple of 5.

Thus the next number of 20 is 25.

Example 3. Using the pattern, write the next two terms of the following:

a. 3, 4, 5, 6, ___, ____.

b. ½, 1/3, ¼, ___, ____.

c. 5a, 10b, 20c, ___, ____.

d. 4, 9,16,____, ____.

e. y, y+ x, y + 2x, ____, ______.

f. 3, 12, 48 ,____, ____.

Answers.

a. 7 and 8 d. 25 and 36

b. 1/5 and 1/6 e. Y + 3x and Y + 4x

c. 40d and 80e f. 192 and 768

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 It’s your turn.

Determine what comes next in the given patterns.
a. 10, 15, 12, 17,14,___

b. 3, 6, 12, 24, _____.

e. ⇐ , ⇒, ⇑, ⇓, ⇔,____

1.3 The Fibonacci Sequence

The word sequence is too much familiar to us, a lot of events in our
daily lives that the concept of sequence may come in. like for example
counting of numbers from 1 to 10 and vice versa, fall in line according to
their heights, use of numbers for identifying locations and points and
sometimes we really notice that the streets of the different cities start from
1, 2 , 3 and so on.
Sequence is a function whose domain is the finite and infinite set, each
number in a sequence is called a term. A sequence is said to be finite if and
only if it has first term and a last term

Examples I.
a. 2,4,6,8
b. 3,5,7,9 Finite sequences
c. 1,2,4,8
d. 1,2,3,4,5......
e. 4, 10, 16, 32, .... infinite sequences
f. 1,1,2,3,5,8,....

The above examples, specially example letter f is a special sequence

called the Fibonacci sequence. It is named after the Italian mathematician
Leonardo Pisa, who was better known by his nickname Fibonacci. He is
said to have discovered this sequence as he looked at how a hypothesized
group of rabbits bred and reproduced. The activity that you have done
before illustrates a Fibonacci Sequence.

Example 2. Let’s go back to your activity.

No. of Months 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(n)
No. of Pairs 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
F(n)
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Starting with 0 and 1, each succeeding term can be obtained by

adding the two numbers that came before the term. That is

0+1= 1
1+1= 2
1+2= 3
2+3= 5
3+5= 8
5 + 8 = 13
8 + 13 = 21
13 + 21 = 34

In general, Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2

So, if we want to find the 10th term, then the concept must be this way

F10 = F9 + F8
F10 = 34 + 21
F10 = 55

 It’s your turn

1.Let Fib (n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence with Fib(1) = 2, Fib(2) = 1,
and so on. Find the Fibonacci sequence of the following.

a. Fib (11).
b. Fib (12)
c. Fib (15)
d. Fib (19)
e. Fib (20)
2.True or false

1. Every 3rd Fibonacci number is a multiple of 2.

2. Every 4th Fibonacci umber is a multiple of 3.
3. Every 5th Fibonacci number is a multiple of 5.
4. Every 4th Fibonacci number is an odd number.
5. 7 is a factor F8.
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Name______________________________________ Score ___________

Course/sec ________ Professor ______________________Date ________

Exercises 1
I. What completes the following pattern?
1. AC, AB, AE, AD, ___, ____,
2. 3, 6, 9, 12, ___, _____,
3. 1, 4, 9, 16, ___, _____.
4. AB, ABA, ABAAB, ABAABABA,________.
5. ↚, ↛, ↮, ⇍, ⇏, _____
6. 4,10,16,_____, ______.
7. 5, 8, 13, 21,_____, ______.
8. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, _______, ______.
9. A, D, G, _____, _____.
10. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ______, _____.

II. Answer what is Asked?

a. 1,0,0,9,1,0,0,9,1,0,0,9, What is the 23rd number?

b. 4 – 4 + 4 – 4 + 4, what is its sum?

c. What is the sum of the first seven terms of 4 – 4 + 4 – 4 + 4?

d. What is the sum of the first ten terms of 4 – 4 + 4 – 4 + 4?

III. Answer the following

1. Mr. X professor observe that the number of students graduates in
Statistics Program at CAS department increase by 3 students every year. If
11 students were graduated in year 2018, how many number of students will
graduate in 2022? What is the total number of students will graduate from
2019 – 2022?

2. Jessa gets a salary of P20,000 a month and an increase of P500.00

annually. What will be her salary during the 5th year?

3. Find the 15Th term in the sequence 17, 13, 9,....?

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1.4 References
Sobecki, D. (2018). Math in our World. Fourth Edition.

Baltazar, E. C., et al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. C and E

Publishing Inc.

Tolentino, A. P. ,et. Al (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Mutya

Publishing House.INC,Malabon City,Philippines.

Hagos L.C., Ymas Jr S. E., Agalabia, C. E.,& Coligado, P.B. (2004). College
Algebra with Recreational mathematics

Aufmann, R., Lockwood, J., Nation, R., Clegg, D., & Epp, Su. (2018).
Mathematics in the modern world. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Ymas, S. E. ,(2016). Abstract algebra and modern algebra. Manila, Philippines:

Ymas Publishing House.

1.5 Acknowledgment

The images, tables, figures and information contained in this module

were taken from the references cited above.