You are on page 1of 19

!"#$%& '(!)*%& +!,- (.%(/01 2!

*"3%&
!,"#4%& '5!6 7!8 '(!)*%&1 !"#$%& 9!,: '(!)*%&1

!"#$% &#'() .
516$3*+ 4+&*1/ 2$)1('*+ ,-$./ 0)1('*+

0H ,EIJ*+ =>17 +41J:K+ "LBM+ =>17&*+ 2)> G,789:) ,;41<7 =>17 ,?@''*+ AB1() CB D"EF
=>17&*+ 2) S9T*+ +QU> .N$I(:*+ 48O 0H &P8; !Q*+ 41<E*+ +QB> NI('*+ "$R 41<E*+> NI('*+ 41<E*+
X>&_":;> ,.P 2) A.E) 039PM+ V;"J*+ W8%&/ X8@3<; Y Z1$J*+ [@7 2$?*1'*+ X\ [@7 +"]^) "3:E;
,.P 2) 51B"J*+ 2) 2?') &7 C`\ 2$/ aT(*+ b'P> 51B"J*+ &7 2) a$@<:@* ,9?') ,_"H CB
,Tc d;8IF e3K A.'@7 [*f C_> 1'@B ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') 0U V*i CB 0H j&$c8*+ A.:@$h>> G="%\
.CPM+ k+8H C3` b$3'*+ g(*+ Z1P":h+ l@O [*f X8741m;> X>4 13; n$c ,71J)
1.* b6oF 0:*+ ,'pKM+ Z89:* +"pK g$3q:*+ 0H CB1J)> k1/8E_ ,EIJ*+ ,h41') r"qF>
r"q* Z8t8'*+ +QU n(/ [*f 19/ +&c 1) +QU> G1.9) Z8K CB [@7 ,<3q'*+ W1Ps+ Z89:*> k+41<E*+
: 2$$m$v4 2;48('* 1<H> w*>19:9h Z8t8'*+ +QU ,x*1E'*> .,EIJ*+ CP\ 1.c"q; 0:*+ kY1?]u+
.2*"3=% 2>(*%& ?(@A<& :;1<& '5#$%&
.2*"3%& ;(/0 :7B(C%& '5#$%&

1
:2,%(4%& D)E=% ()81 ;1<& '5#$%& ;1(EF G4,H :;1<& '5#$%&
.1U4 1T)> ,EIJ*+ y8.I) -1
.,EIJ*+ ,h41') z>"] -2
.51EIJ*+ Ac+{F -3
.w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ 0H !":J'*+ k1H"TF -4
.,EIJ*+ k1q<m) -5
:1U4 1T)> ,EIJ*+ y8.I) - 1
Z1P":h+ 0H V;"J*+ gc 0U 51.<I*+ lmc> 1c}q_+> Gw@L) [*f 50J*+ At 0U ,|* ,EIJ*+
."v1T*+ b) 2'L*+ I9/ w97 +"3P 8*> 039PM+ !":J'*+ 2) b$3'*+ ~":J'*+ 5{x*+
y1pK g$3qF C$_1I:* &('*+ 1915 8$K8; 2"$.€ 2) 25 CTI*+ 0H ,EIJ@* S;"EF 4> &`>
: w$H 51P !41<E*+ N$I(:*+
0H ,;41<7 ,$9$7 1`8<c >\ k+41<7 Z1$J*+ [@7 2;"% b) V@'; 2) C?* d/1L*+ g(*+ 0U ,EIJ*+"
1.$@7 C% \ 1) ‚@3) +QB> 1.v+"] 0H = ^'*+ ‚@3'*+ 5+ \ &E/ 1.;":J) 2) Y&/ ,E$3'*+ ,T(*+ Q%e; X\
."&<E@* ,)ƒY S;41T) 2) 1.97 = \ 1)> k19$m(F 2)
0H Z8P"*+ lx; wK\ V*i 1I)> ,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+ 2) &':m) 0m$v"*+ „4&T) y1pK ,EIJ*+>
„QU y1?c\ [*f 0Et8*+ X8K1<*+ 0H …1% aK 1.$H "; A* 0:*+ ,EIJ*+ y1?c\ k1$v{P> C$_1IF ,H"E)
,$Et8*+ …8T9*+ >\ ,$.<I*+ &7+8<*+ 0H w$@7 a9*+ A:; A* 1) CB X\ 413:7Y+ 2$E/ Q%M+ b) ,E;"J*+
y1)u+ lUQ) 0H C'E*+ w/ ="P 1)> 48.J'*+ >\ †P+"*+ [*f w$H bP"; ,EIJ*+ y1?c\ ‡E3* ,'p9'*+
.V*1)
")M+ g@EF 5+8h G0)}hu+ w<I*+ 2) 1.@B j&':m) 41<E*+ 0H ,EIJ*+ y1?c\ X\ 8U V*i ")>
,pI('*+ k+41<E*+ k1$_8T% 413:7Y+ 2$E/ Q%M+ b) ,pI('*+ "$R k+41<E*+ >\ ,pI('*+ k+41<E*1/
,h41') CP\ ˆ}qK+ n$c 2) ,_1% ,pI('*+ "$R k+41<E*+ 27 S@:o; …1% y1p9* b6oF 1.KM
,3m9*1/ Z.W.ˆ 2) 981 [*f 973 W8TI*+ 0H ,EIJ*+ y1?c\ 0/"|'*+ Z"J'*+ W>19F &<H .,EIJ*+
k+41<E@* ,3m9*1/ 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 34 [*f 25 W8TI*+ 0H 1.*>19F 1'B ,pI('*+ "$R k+41<E@*
.,pI('*+
: 1.9$/ 2) ‰13hM ,EIJ*+ k4"` &`>
.w$H ‰8R"'*+ "$R 039PM+ !":J'*+ 2) b`8:'*+ 4"6*+ bH -1
.,$?@'*+ ,v{x:* &c bt> -2
.51B"J*+ &7 2) a$@<:*+ -3
50J*1/ W}|:hY+> Z1I:KY+ 0H 51B"J*+ 2$/ b<F 0:*+ k17+{9@* &c bt> -4
.~":J'*+

2
b$/ g;"O 27 1)f Z8$J*+ 2) Š>"o*+ l@q; X\ V;"] C?* 2?'; n$(/ ,v41O ,*1c Z8$J*+>
,'m` g;"O 27 1)f> ,'m<@* }/1` 50J*+ X1B +if ,$9$E*+ ,'m<*+ g;"O 27 1)f> "$|*+ [*f w:Tc
[@7 w9'‹ b;ƒ8F> ~":J'*+ 50J*+ b$/ A:; n$(/ ,$9$E*+ ,'m<*+ C3<; Y 50J*+ X1B +if ,$IT:*+
,$<3* ,3m9*1/ ,EIJ*+ gc 51JKf w97 lF":; ,71J) ,Tc b$/> Gb$3*+ S;41T'* A.@'(F b) 51B"J*+
.51B"J*+
:,EIJ*+ ,h41') z>"] - 2
X1B 5+8h 413:7Y+ 2$E/ 1UQ%\ 1.3*1O [@7 2$E:; j &() z>"] "H8F l@q:F ,EIJ*+ ,h41') Xf
:1.9$/ 2)> NI() "$R >\ 1pI() 41<E*+
0H j{v1P "$R 41x*+ ,EI] X\ if 41P "x) Y w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ 0H 1?;"] b$IJ*+ X8?; X\ -1
.0I9(*+ lUQ'*1B ="%M+ ,$.<I*+ lU+Q'*+ ‡E3* 1H}% ‰"|'*+ 0H 1./ W8'E) "$R> V*1) y1)u+ lUQ)
,3`"*+ 0H V;"J*1H .w:EI9) 0H 1?;"] Y w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ ,3`4 0H 1?;"] b$IJ*+ X8?; X\ -2
.,EIJ*+ g(:m; Y wKŒH <H ,EI9'*+ V*1) D}o/ ,EI9'*+ V@'; Y X1B 8*> ,EIJ*+ g(:m;
2$/ D}% w$IH W8<9'*+ 1)\ .Ž+"R\> 519/ 2) w/ CT:; 1) >\ +41<7 w$H Z8IJ'*+ X8?; X\ -3
.51.<I*+
+QB> a$To:*1/ 41<E*+ 1)\ G,E$3q*1/ 41<E*+ 0H Yf 1$v&3) d3LF Y ,EIJ*+ Xe/ z"J*+ +QU &$I;>
D}% X>&/ ,:/1‹ Xif ,EIJ*1H .51.<I*+ 48.'P gIF+ +QU [@7> V*QB 51.<I*+ 2$/ D}% w$IH W8<9'*+
.ˆ1T:*Y+ g;"O 27 w/ CT:; 1) CB> 41<E*+ 0H
l@O ƒ8x; }H 87 X>&/ d;8I:*+ AF +if 1)\ .b$3*1B 8E/ ,B":J'*+ ,T(*+ d;8IF A:; X\ -4
>\ 4u+ >\ ,$_8*+ >\ ,3.*+ l3m/ ,B":J'*+ ,T(*+ W1<:K+ 0H ")M+ 8U 1'B 1.:h41') >\ ,EIJ*+
.S`8*+
X+&`1E:'*+ C/1<F 8* 1'B b$3*+ 27 bP+":*+ !\ ,*1`u+ w97 lF":F !Q*+ b$3*+ Xe/ w$39:*+ lx;>
,EIJ*+ wE) ƒ8xF &;&P b$/ ,/1L'/ ,*1`u+ "3:E; 2) 51.<I*+ 2) ~19.H ."%‘* 8E*+ 1'.9) CB bP4\>
.[@7M+ @x'*+ w$H "$m; !Q*+ „1xFY+ 8U>
2) ,9h CP\ C%+ &c &E/\ [@7> b$3*1/ w'@7 "x'/ ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') b$IJ*+ l@q; X\ -5
lm(/ ,EIJ*+ ,h41') W1P S@:o:H NI('*+ 41<E*+ 1)\ NI('*+ "$R 41<E@* ,3m9*1/ b$3*1/ A@E*+ ’;41F
.W1Ps+ ‰1m:cY g@q9'*+ 8U D"T:*+ C$xmF ’;41F "3:E;> kY1(*+
,3F":'*+ S;41T'*+ b) }xE) b$3*+ w/ AF !Q*+ 2'L*+ 039PM+ !":J'*+ [@7 b$IJ*+ "E; X\ -6
0|39; Y> ,EIJ*1/ Q%M+ 0H ,3R"*+ 27 X}7u+ ’;41F 2) y1;\ ,‹}‹ ƒ>1x:; Y CP\ W}% V*i> V*i 27
y1;\ ,‹}‹ CP\ W}% 2'L*+ bH&/ C$xE:*+ l3h> .2'L*+ "7 CP\> ,EIJ*+ ,h41') CP\ 2$/ 19U @o*+
.b$3'*+ 50J*+ w9) Z{9$h !Q*+ !":J'*+ ,$Et> j17+") 8U

3
[@7 lx; w$@7> .bv13*+> !":J'*+> b$IJ*+ AU ,‹}‹ D+"O\ 2$/ 1$v&3) y8<F ,EIJ*+ =87 >
!":J'*+ Xe] V*i 0H wKe] ,EIJ*+ 0H 0<$<c AT% bv13*1H G1E) bv13*+> !":J'*+ AT:o; X\ b$IJ*+
X>":J'*+ >\ X8Ev13*+ &EF +if> w$@7 1)> w* 1'$H !":J'*+ C() b$IJ*+ W8@c [*f ! ^F ,EIJ*+ X\ V*i
.1E$'P A.'T:o; X\ b$IJ*+ [@7 lP>
:,EIJ*+ ,v{xF> 51EIJ*+ Ac+{F - 3
X8?F> X> &E:) w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ 0H 51B"J*+ X1B> ,71J'*+ w:Tc b$3/ 51B"J*+ &c\ y1` +if
['mF ,*1c eJ9F> ,EIJ*1/ Q%M+ l@O [*f X8</1m:; n$c b$3'*+ Z1P":h+ 0H ,$71'P ,3R4 A.*
“ ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') 0H ,$<3hM+ [qEF 2'@H 51EIJ*+ Ac+{:/
kY1(*+ C?* 1)1?c\ +>&P>\> 51EIJ*+ 1.$H Ac+{:; 0:*+ kY1(*+ S@:o) C$@(F 0H 51.<I*+ 1H\ &<*
.51.<I*+ l:B 0H 1.$*f Z8P"*+ 2?'; n$c
:51EIJ*+ &EF ,*1c 0H ,9?''*+ k1$t"I@* {P8) a$o@F 51q7Œ/ 0I:?K>
2$To] 2$/ 1B":J) 41<E*+ X1B 8* 1'B w* 0.H 1.3@O> &c+> ao] ,EIJ@* g(:m'*+ X1B +if -1
!\ w'c+{; Y n$(/ „&c> ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') "%s+ V;"J@* g($H 039P\ !":J'* w3$TK AU&c\ Z1/>
.1.$H &c\
X> 1.3@O 2'* 0.H A.6E/ Yf 1.3@q; A*> &c+> ao] 2) "LB\ ,EIJ@* X8<(:m'*+ X1B +if -2
.~":; >\ C?*+ bIJ; X\ ‡E3*+ +QU [@7 2$E:; n$c „"$R
XŒH 1E$'P A.$H j"H8:) 1.O>"] dK1B> ,EIJ*+ l@q/ b$'x*+ y1`> 2; &E:) 51B"J*+ X1B +if -3
.~":J'*+ 50J*+ 0H w3$TK 4&</ CB ,$3h19F ,'m` A.9$/ Am<; w$H Z8IJ'*+
1) ,$K1L*+ wF"<H 0H 51P !Q*+ Z.W.ˆ 2) 974 CTI*+ 0H „1xFY+ I9/ 0/"|'*+ Z"J'*+ Q%\ &`>
:0@;
bIJ; X\ w){* 1./ Q%M+ 2) „"$R b9:)+ +iŒH w:Tc ,3m9/ bIJ; X\ Z1$J*+ [@7 2$?*1'*+ 2) C?*"
."C?*+
N$I(:*+ y1pK C$_1IF g$3q:/ g@E:'*+ 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 26 CTI*+ 0H 4> 50J*+ IK>
: !41<E*+
‡E3*+ Wƒ19F XŒH w3$TK 4&</ CB 51B"J*+ b$'P D"O 2) 41<E*+ IK [@7 g(*+ +QU Ž41';"
."A.TTc 4&</ X8`13*+ wh41'; g(*+ +QU XŒH A.9)
‰1:B 0H 51P &`> .(!":J'*+) w9) Z8IJ'*+ [t"/ Yf \{x:F Y ,EIJ*+ X\ g3h 1') [@x:;>
: ={P 2/Y ,$.<I*+ 2$K+8<*+
Q%\ "%‘@H A.6E/ A@h Xf> A.TTc 4&` [@7 Z8IJ'*+ +8'm:`+ ,71'x* ,EIJ*+ d3P> +if"
."!":J'*+ wc1/\ +if Yf w3$TK Q%e; X\ w* $*> wB"F >\ b$'x*+

4
:w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ 0H !":J'*+ k1H"TF - 4
.V*1'B w:IT/ ,$K8K1<*+ >\ ,; 1'*+ k1H"T:*+ Z+8Ke/ w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ 0H !":J'*+ D"T:; &`
z>"J*+ gH>> CPM+ C%+ ,EIJ*+ 0H w<c Ž41) +if b$IJ@* ,3m9*1/ k1H"T:*+ „QU A?c 1'H
“ j4"<'*+
: ,$K8K1<*+ k1H"T:*+> ,; 1'*+ k1H"T:*+ 2$/ {$'; 19U>
:,; 1'*+ k1H"T:@* ,3m9*1/ -1
Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ [@7 k+"$$|F >\ k19$m(F W1% f >\ Ž+"R\ >\ j&;&P k+519/ +&cf 0H CL':F>
: 2$:*1c 2$/ {$'$H 41<E*+ ,'$` 0H j 1;ƒ 1.97 d3F"F> w$H
: [*>M+ ,*1(*+ -
Ž41|*+ >\ 0K13*+ CL) "3:E; wKŒH ,EIJ*+ l@O C3` Ž+"R\ >\ k+519/ +&cŒ/ !":J'*+ y1` +if
:2;")\ 2$/ ,*1(*+ „QU CL) 0H b$IJ*+ "$o;> ,$9*+ 2mc
.Z1IJ:hY+ 2'‹ [*f ,H1tf Ž+"RM+ >\ 5193*+ ,'$` bH 1)f
.,EIJ*+ ~"F 1)f>
:,$K1L*+ ,*1(*+ -
Ž41|*+ >\ 0K13*+ A?c 0H "3:E; wKŒH ,EIJ*+ l@O &E/ Ž+"R\ >\ k+519/ +&cŒ/ !":J'*+ y1` +if
:V*QB 2;")\ 2$/ b$IJ*+ "$o; n$c ,$9*+ 50h
.‡;8EF !\ X> > w:<IK [@7 Ž"R 1) b@` >\ [9/ 1) y&./ !":J'*+ ,3*1q) 1)f
.V*i 0H lR4 +if 1.:'$</ Ž+"RM+ >\ k+5193*+ b$IJ*+ V@':; X\ 1)f
:,$K8K1<*+ k1H"T:@* ,3m9*1/ - 2
"$|*+ [*f w$H Z8IJ'*+ 50J*+ ,$?@) C<K [*f ! ^F 0:*+ k1H"T:*1/ y1$<*+ 0H CL':F>
V;"J*+ XŒH Z8$3*+ d*+8F +if> "$|*+ +QU &t Ž41'F ,EIJ*+ XŒH 1.:h41') W}% >\ ,EIJ*+ CP\ W}%
&;&P CP\ b) &;&P gc wE) nE39; 5+"] CB XM &;"; ":J) !\ &t ,EIJ*+ ,h41''/ +"$o) X8?;
.,EIJ@*
:,EIJ*+ k1q<m) - 5
,$v1t"*+ j&71` S*1oF 0U> 039PM+ !":J'*+ &; 2) ,$?@'@* !"3P Z{K ,/1L'/ "3:EF ,EIJ*+ Xf
2) b$3'*+ bP":m; b$IJ*+ XM C_M+ +QU S*1oF ,EIJ*+> 0t+":*+ 8<E*+ 0H C_M1H . 8<E*+ 0H
.w97 +"3P w;":J)
z>"J*+ „Q./ W}%u+ ! ^;> j &() z>"J/ ,EIJ*+ ,h41') gc ,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+ k&$` +Q.*>
.,EIJ*+ 0H g(*+ z8<h [*f

5
:0@; 1) ,EIJ*+ 0H g(*+ z8<h [*f ! ^F 0:*+ kY1(*+ 2$/ 2)>
"LB\ 2) l3m*+ +QU "3:E;> 1./ ,3*1q'*+ X> 1.* 4"<'*+ CPM+ 4>"'/ ,EIJ*+ gc <m; -1
lm(/ S@:oF> ,789:) W1Ps+ „QU X\> ,_1% ,EIJ*+ =87 ,3h19'/ AB1('*+ y1)\ 41LF 0:*+ ‰13hM+
>\ NI() "$R +41<7 >\ 1pI() 41<E*+ X1B +if 1) lm(/ w* b6o; !Q*+ 0K8K1<*+ y1p9*+> 41<E*+ ,$78K
.V*i X1$/ g3h 1'B N$I(:*+ 48O 0H +41<7
C3` Wƒ19:*+ 1)\ .b$3*+ y1'Ff &E/ ,c+"_ g(*+ +QU ,h41') 27 b$IJ*+ Wƒ19:/ ,EIJ*+ gc <m; -2
.&E/ &P8; A* 1.$H g(*+ XM ,EIJ*+ gc z8<m* 13P8) X8?; }H b$3*+ y1'F
w9?'; Y> V;"J*+ ,I_ &<I; n$c b$3*+ C3` V;"J*+ &; 2) V@'*+ Š>"o/ ,EIJ*+ gc <m; -3
.C3` 1'$H 1?;"] X1B wKe/ Z4Q:*+
C<:m; n$c Z8$J*+ 516<K+ [*f k \ ,$v1.K ,'m` Z1J'*+ 50J*+ ,'m</ ,EIJ*+ gc 06<9; -4
y1)u+ lUQ) 0H j{v1P "$R 41x*+ ,EI]> 51B"] Y X+"$P "x) 51B"J*+ †3T;> w3$T9/ V;"] CB
.„"Bi g3h 1'B V*1)
2*"3%& ;(/0 :7B(C%& '5#$%&
:0*1:*+ A$m<:*+ lmc 0K1L*+ 48('*+ W>19F A:$h
.NI('*+ "$R 41<E*+ ,EI] CP\ -1
.NI('*+ 41<E*+ ,EI] CP\ -2
.N$I(:*+ 48O 0H 41<7 ,EI] CP\ -3

>\ S`> 1.$@7 "; Y> y+":cY+ ,3P+> W1P 0U> ,EIJ*+ ,h41''* j &() Y1P Z"J'*+ &c &<*
.,EIJ*+ 0H g(*+ z8<h V*i 27 lF"F Yf> Z1q<K+
.41<E*+ w* b6o; !Q*+ 0K8K1<*+ y1p9*+ lm(/ ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') W1P S@:oF

6
:NI('*+ "$R 41<E*+ 0H ,EIJ*+ CP\ - 1
b$3*+ &<7 y+"/f ’;41F 2) Y b$3*1/ A@E*+ ’;41F 2) ,9h 8U y17 CPM b6o; NI('*+ "$R 41<E*1H
W}% ";&<F &E/\ [@7> b$3*1/ w'@7 48H w$H Z8IJ'*+ 0H w:3R4 27 †TI; X\ b$IJ*+ [@7 lx; n$c
.""6(; [:c w:EI] [@7 lv1|*+ " W8<F 0:*+ j&71<*+ [*f + 19:h+ NI() "$R 41<E*+ X1B +if ,9h CP\
&(; +4+"` 4&_\ n$c A@E*+ 1.$H CT(; X\ lx; 0:*+ j":I*+ &c X\ [@7M+ @x'@* g3h &<*>
„QU W}% ,EIJ*+ Ž41'F A* +if n$(/ k+89h b/4\ >\ }‹ 0H A@E*+ 1.$H b<; X\ lx; 0:*+ j":I*+ w$H
"$R> ,<@E) ,$Et> 0H> b$IJ*+ A@7 ,'c4 d(F w9) Z8IJ'*+ [<3; Y [:c V*i> 1.$H w<c <h j&'*+
y\ !"x.*+ A;8<:*+ CU ,9m*+ CP\ ‰1m:cY &':E'*+ A;8<:*+ W8c V*QB W”1m:*+ b`> &`> .,H>"E)
CB 0H +>&9:h+ &<H 1.*1P> ,EIJ*+ y1?c\ +8Et> 1'9$c 2$'@m'*+ 51.<I*+ Xe/ 1'@7 ! }$'*+ A;8<:*+
.!"x.*+ A;8<:*+ &':EF 0:*+ ,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+ [*f V*i
A;8<:*+ &':7+> C$3<*+ +QU 2) ,*em) 0H d/ X\ wF+4+"` =&cf 0H V*QB [@7M+ @x'@* g3h &<*>
,$H1tf 1)8; 13 2) &$I:m; n$c b$IJ@* †@_\ 8U A;8<:*+ +QU X\ y+ 1) ,9m*+ CP\ ‰1m:cY ! }$'*+
,EIJ*+ " :51.<I*+ W8<; 1'B> V@':*+ ‰13hM 519L:h+ 0U ,EIJ*+ X8?* 1K"pK 0H A$<:m; Y „1xF+ 8U>
‰1mc [@7 CPM+ n$c 2) b$IJ*+ [@7 ,Eh8:*+ 2?'; }H +Q.*> ."‰13hM+ wIFM <mF W1<E*+ C(B
.w9) Z8IJ'*+
:NI('*+ 41<E*+ 0H ,EIJ*+ W1P - 2
gc ,h41''* ,x(B ‡.9; !41<E*+ Ah"*1/ Cxm'*+ "$R b$3*+ X1B +if 1'$H 5+4s+ dI@:%+ &<*
d3P> ,($(_ ,$I$?/ b$3*+ &<EK+ [:'H Cxm; A* &<E*+ X\ 8*> ,EIJ*1/ Q%M+ ƒ+8P g;"H =\"H ,EIJ*+
g;"H =\4> !41<E*+ Ah"*1/ ,$?@'*+ C<K ,$@?] 0H „"‹\ "T(9; !Q*+ C$xm:*+ 27 "p9*+ D"T/ ,EIJ*+
1<H> !":J'*+ [*f ,$?@'*+ C<K> !41<E*+ Ah"*1/ b$3*+ &$$<F ’;41F 2) Yf ,EIJ*1/ Q%M+ ƒ+8P y&7 "%
.!41<E*+ N$I(:*1/ g@E:'*+ 1913 dJR 12 "$.€ 2) 67> 66> 65 W8TI*+ 0H w$@7 …8T9) 8U 1'*
1<cY w*>19:9h 1) 8U> ,EIJ*+ ,h41') XeJ/ …1% bt> w@H N$I(:*+ 48O 0H &P8; !Q*+ 41<E*+ 1)\
.1.c"q; 0:*+ kY1?]u+ S@:o) 2$t"E:m)
,9$E) z>"J/ CP\ CB /4> GNI('*+ 41<E*+ 0H ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''* W1P ,‹}‹ Z"J'*+ 4"` &`>
:0Fs1B 1.(t8K
:y1;\ ,‹}‹ W}% ,EIJ*+ ,h41') -1-2
!":J'*+ X\ [@7 aK n$c 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 31 CTI*+ [6:<'/ &() y1;\ ,‹}L*+ CP\ Xf
C%+ wh41'; A* Xf "$%M+ +QU gc <m;> G,EIJ*+ gc w* 2) C?* w|@3; X\ wv+"] &$$<F &E/ w9?';
.,H1m'*+ W1P 1.$*f D16F ‚$@3:*+ +QU ’;41F 2) y1;\ ,‹}‹
,*1(*+ „QU 0H g3qF b$IJ*+ ,'?() "<) 27 Š41% 2O8) w* w9) Z8IJ'*+ X1B +if n$(/
.,$K&'*+ j"qm'*+ X8K1` 2) 41> 40 2$F 1'*+ k1$6:<)

7
•P1I'*+> "$T<*+ CPM+ +Q./ b$IJ*+ gc &$$<:* ,9$E) z>"] "H+8F z":J; w$*f 41J'*+ 31 CTI*+>
:0@; 1'$H z>"J*+ „QU [@x:F>
1<H> ,$?@'*+ w$*f C<9F> 1?*1) !":J'*+ †3T; [:c !41<E*+ Ah"*+ 0H 5+"J*+ &<7 &$$<F A:; X\ -1
.!41<E*+ N$I(:*+ "$.€ 2) 65 CTI@*
1|$@3F ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') 0H g(*+ w* 2) C?* 5+"J*+ &<7 2) ,omK ‚$@3:/ V*i &E/ y8<; X\ -2
,'?('*1/ k1|$@3:*+ l:?) g;"O 27 >\ GC_8:*1/ 41E]u+ b) X8'6'*+ &;"3*+ ,qh+8/ 1)f 1$'h4
y1;\ ,‹}L*+ CP\ !"m$* 51B"J*+ b$'P [*f ‚$@3:*+ +QU A:; X\ lx;> 1.F"v+&/ 41<E*+ b<; 0:*+ ,$v+&:/Y+
‚$@3:*+> .A.:$</ ,.P+8) 0H 48BQ'*+ CPM+ X1;"m* 0I?; Y <H 51B"J*+ &c\ ‚$@3F X\ n$(/ GA.<c 0H
&`> .41‹s+ 2) CPM+ "T` 27 lF":; 1'* +"pK V*i> „"$R X> w9) Z8IJ'@* 1$To] X8?; X\ lx;
y1;\ ,‹}L*+ CP\ !"m; Y n$c 0ToJ*+ ‚$@3:*+ j4>"t [@7 j&;&7 k+4+"` 0H [@7M+ @x'*+ &B\
[*f ‚$@3:*+ b`> +if Yf ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''* 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 31 CTI*+ 0H w$@7 …8T9'*+
0%4^'*+ 1763 &7 4+"`) w)&% >\ w/41`M w9O8) 0H b<; !Q*+ ‚$@3:*+ 0I?; }H G1$To] b$IJ*+
.(1999 ,9h 54> 53 &7 [@7M+ @x'*+ 516` ,@x'/ 48J9) 96/4077 0K&) S@) 99/04/14
–:9; Y C$xm:*+ C3` b`+8*+ ‚$@3:*1H w* 1</1h Y b$3*+ C$xm:* 1<cY X8?; X\ lx; ‚$@3:*+ Xf -3
.C$xm:*+ ,E`+> [@7 1I`8:) [<3; n$c „"‹\
j"]13) ,$K1?)u+ „QU W1'E:h+ !":J'*+ gc 2'H ‚$@3:*+ +Q./ y1$<@* 19$E) }P\ Z"J'*+ &(; A*>
51B"J@* [<3; n$c ‚$@3:*+ 27 519|:hY+ w9?'; 1'B .A.<c ,h41') 0H 51B"J*+ ,:R13'* C$xm:*+ &E/
.,9h CP\ 8U> W8O\ CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ 0H A.<c W1'E:h+
&:E; Y bv13*+ D"O 2) C_1(*+ ‚$@3:*1H G„"$R X> !":J'*+ D"O 2) A:; X\ lx; ‚$@3:*+ Xf -4
,IT/ 1</1h w$*f 41J'*+ 31 CTI*+ aK &<*> .w@$xmF> b$3*+ &<7 y+"/f Q9) V*1'B w:I_ &<H wKM Gw/
.„"$R X> !":J'*+ D"O 2) ‚$@3:*+ W8Tc ‰8P> [@7 ,(;"_
Ž41'; X\ w|$@3F AF !Q*+> ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H g(*+ w* 2) XŒH ‚$@3:*+ +Q./ !":J'*+ y1` +if> -5
"x) 0H "T(9F Y g(*+ +QU ,h41')> .w<c <h Yf> ‚$@3:@* ,$*+8'*+ y1;\ ,‹}‹ W}% g(*+ +QU
b$3*+ 2'L* 09$E*+ "E*1/ ,/8(T) ,3R"*+ „QU X8?F X\ 0|39; C/ ,E$3'*+ ,T(*+ + ":h1/ ,3R"*+
.w97 ,3F":'*+ S$*1?:@*> &<E*+ 0H 48BQ'*+
†3T; b$IJ*+ X8?* +"pK> ,.P 2) „"T<* +"pK 516<*+ y1)\ j"$LB CB1J) r"q; y1;\ ,‹}L*+ CP\>
+&P "$T` d`> W}% ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') w$@7 lP8:; n$c ‚$@3:*1/ „eP1H 1) +if !":J'*+ ,'c4 d(F
[*f &9:mK 19Kf> ."%—/ >\ g;"q/ j&'*+ „QU S`8* X8K1<*+ [@7 C;1(:*+ [*f 51EIJ*+ 2) +"$LB bH&; 1')
+QU 0H 51P &<*> ."$T<*+ CPM+ +QU 27 –:9F 0:*+ Q%—'*+ 2$3; Z8t8'*+ 0H A?c [@7 4> g$@EF
:0@; 1) g$@E:*+
gc ,h41''* 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 31 CTI*+ 0H w$@7 …8T9'*+ y1;\ ,‹}L*+ CP\ "3:E;"
j"$LB 0U> Gw*}% 1./ y8<; X\ b$IJ*+ [@7 lx; 0:*+ k+5+"Pu+ b) lh19:; Y +"$T` }P\ ,EIJ*+

8
A‹ GX1$cM+ ‡E/ 0H k19$m(:*+ ,'$` +QB> S;41T'*+> Gb$3*+ 2'‹ ,$q|:* yƒ}*+ W1'*+ +&7f 1.9)
+if ,'?('*+ ˆ>&9_ 0H V*i &E/ w7+&;f> w9) Z8IJ'*+ [@7 V*i "7 l@q/ ,'?('*+ [*f 51x:*Y+
."E*+ W83` ‡H4
’;41F 2) X+".] &<E*+ @x) "6c !Q*+ b$IJ@* r89''*+ CPM+ b) lh19:; Y 1'B
.&<E*+ ";"(F
w$@7 "I; A* ,EIJ*+ CP\ w<c 0H !"m$* &<E*+ @x) "6c !Q*+ b$IJ*+ X\ 2$c 0H
&` b$3*+ Z8`8/ A@7\ !Q*+ b$IJ*+ X\ 1'9$/ .w9) j4 13) ,x$:K X1B 1'Kf> w/ eP1I; A*> 1t"H S`8'*+ +QU
X\ 1)ŒH w* 41$% }H V*i b)> + 8T<) b$3*1/ w)}7f d$`8F X8?; &`> G1t"H S`8'*+ w$@7 "H
.j"'*1/ 1.h41'; Y>\ w* &('*+ CPM+ 0H ,EIJ*+ gc Ž41';
w$@7 "H !Q*+ b$IJ*+ XŒH ,EIJ*+ CP\ n$c 2) 2$:*1(*+ 2$/ {$$':*+ 2) &/Y X1B +if wKŒH +Q.*>
g$@EF) ".„"$R 2) ,;17"*1/ [*>\ X8?; G„"$R w* „ +4\ !Q*+ d`8*+ 0H ,EIJ*+ gc Ž41'; X\
.(1980 "/8:B\ 26 &7 [@7M+ @x'*+ ,@x'/ 48J9)
,h41') W1P 2$/ +8q@% 1915 8$K8; 2 X8K1` 2) 31 CTI*+ 0Et+> X\ +QU CB 2) Nc};>
.2'L@* 09$E*+ "E*+ CP\ 2$/> ,EIJ*+
:C$@% "T:o) 0H 4> +Q./> .2'L@* 09$E*+ "E@* C/ ,EIJ*+ ,h41''* }P\ $* y1;\ ,‹}‹ CPeH
w){* (Q% 1K\>) ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H w:3R4 27 b$IJ*+ 2@7\ +iŒH ".&<9@* 1‹}‹ CP\ Q% 1K\ W1` Xf>"
.y1;\ ,‹}‹ W}% +&<K 2'L*+ bH
:Z.W.ˆ 2) 974 CTI*+ 2) j"$%M+ j"<I*+ 0H CPM+ +QU &$BeF AF &`>
."y1;\ ,‹}‹ W}% "LBM+ [@7> }xE) w$@7 1) bH&; X\ w){@;>"
0H 4"<) 8U 1'* •O1% C;>eF 8U w$*f 41J'*+ 31 CTI*+ 0H 4+8*+ y1;\ ,‹}L*+ CP\ XŒH +Q.*>
.w($(TF 0*1:*1/ 2$E:;> ,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+
:2;".] CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ ,h41') - 2- 2
1) ,*1c 0H wK\ [@7 aK n$c 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 32 CTI*+ [6:<'/ &() 2;".J*+ CP\ Xf
4"c Xf &<E*+ ’;41F 2) 5+&:/+ 2;".] 06'/ y 1<:; ,EIJ*+ gc XŒH G‚$@3:*+ +Q./ !":J'*+ A<; A* +if
.C$@% "T:o) 2) &':m) CP\ 8U> 51B"J*+ "6('/
.",9mH Yf> &<E*+ "6c Xf 2;".] >\ 519/ >\ y&./ ,EIJ*+ <mF"
:1.9) ,9$E) z>"J/ 3F") 2;".] CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') X\ +QU 2) –:9:mK>
8U W1x'*+ +QU 0H &<E*+ y+"/f 486c [9E)> .&<E*+ y+"/f 519‹\ Z8$J*+ [@7 51B"J*+ "6(; X\ -1
.w$H ,B41J'*+

9
y+{:*+ ,/1L'/ A.E$`8F X8?$* 1$H"7 &<E*+ X1B +if A.E$`8F l@q:F &<E*+ 0H AU486c [*f j41]u+ Xf
.0H"E*+ &<E*+ ,*1c 0H 486(*+ +QU 41?Kf A.K1?)Œ3H Yf> 486(*+ [@7
X8?F 0'h"*+ &<E*+ 0H AU486c [*f j41]u+ XŒH W>&7 >\ g‹8) y1)\ &<E*+ y+"/f ,*1c 0H 1)\
"6() 0H b$`8:*1/ 2;"t1(*+ ,3*1q) 2$*&E*+ >\ g‹8'*+ [@7 0|39$H V*i b)> AU486c [@7 ,$H1B
.z1$:cY+ 0H j 1;ƒ …1%
A@E*+ "x) Xf> .A.<c 0H 1;41h 2;".J*+ CP\ †3T$* AU486c [*f &<E*+ 0H j41]u+ A:F X\ -2
0:*+ k1K1$3*+ [6:<'/ Xif A:; X\ 0|39; 486(*+ k13‹ŒH CPM+ k+8I/ Š1x:c}* 0I?; Y &<E*+ y+"/Œ/
.&<E*+ 1.9'6:;
2) 5+&:/+ 2;".] CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ 0H A.<c &<E*+ y+"/f +>"6c 2;Q*+ 51B"J*+ Ž41'; X\ -3
0:*+ 0U 1.KM k1pc}'*+ ‡E/ r"O ,*1(*+ „QU 07&:mF> C$xm:*+ ’;41F 2) Y &<E*+ y+"/f ’;41F
.516<*+> w<I*+ 0H D}% 41L) dK1B
2$B41J) A.:IT/ 5+8h &<E*+ @x) AU486c w/ &T<; &<E*+ y+"/f 519‹\ 51B"J*+ 486c Xf
8T<'*+ $@H .&<E*+ 0H AU486c [*f j41]u+ d'F +if Yf w/ &:E; Y wK\> .2$pc}) >\ 2$t>1I)
XŒH +Q.*> .&<E*+ 0H d/1L*+ 0'h"*+ 486(*+ C/ 0@EI*+ 486(*+ "x) 8U W1x'*+ +QU 0H 486(*1/
X\ 1'B .CPM+ k+8I/ ,EIJ*+ gc 2) 2;&$I:m'*+ [@7 Š1x:c}* 0I?; Y &<E*+ y+"/Œ/ A@E*+ "x)
,h41''* 2;".J*+ CP\ 2) X8@@(:; A.@Ex; 486(*+ +QU d3L; 1) [*f &<E*+ 0H j41]u+ X> AU486c
.,EIJ*+ 0H A.<c
b$3*1/ A@E*+ "x) Xe/ 06<; z1/"*1/ D19-:hY+ ,'?() 27 4 1_ 4+"` [*f &T*+ +QU 0H "$JK>
X1B +if 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 32 CTI*+ 0H &('*+ 2;".] CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''* 0I?; Y
.&<E*+ y+"/f 519‹\ ,EIJ*+ 0H g(*+ w* 2) 486c [*f "$J; Y b$3*+ &<7
0H g(*+ A.* 2;Q*+ 51B"J*+ 486c [*f b$3*+ &<7 0H j41]u+ A:F A* +if wK\ 4+"<*+ +QU 2) 1I:m;>
.="%\ ,@$h> ,;e/ >\ 8.J*+ j 1.J/ AU486c [@7 WY&:hY+ 2?'; Y wKŒH ,EIJ*+ ,h41')
&<E*+ y+"/f ’;41F 2) 5+&:/+ 2;".J/ ,*1(*+ „QU 0H ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') CP\ Z"J'*+ &c &`>
"3:E; !Q*+> 4"<'*+ \&3'*+ 27 1P>"% ,*1(*+ „QU "3:EF> G,;41<E*+ ,pH1('*1/ w@$xmF ’;41F 2) $*>
gc ,h41''* j4"<'*+ W1Ps+ ‰1m:cY j&$c8*+ ˆ}qKY+ ,q<K !41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 b$3*+ &<7 C$xmF
Y wKe/ w$H 51P n$c ,c+"_ V*i &$I; 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 33 CTI*1H .1.97 Wƒ19:*+ >\ ,EIJ*+
X1B Yf> !41<E*+ ˜19?*1/ 5+"J*+ C$xmF C3` ,EIJ*+ 0H A.<c 27 +8*ƒ19:; X\ V@'*+ 0H 51B"J@* 2?';
.}O1/ A.*ƒ19F
j16<*+ 2$/ "p9*+ k1.P> D}:%+ [*f k \ j"$LB k1J`19) j41‹f 0H 133h ,*1(*+ „QU dK1B &<*>
.,6`19:'*+ y1?cM+ ‡E/ W}% 2) D}:%Y+ +QU [@x:;> G!41<E*+ X8K1<*+ &7+8` bt> Q9) 2$;41<E*+
!\ ,h41''* C$xm:*+ ,$xc \&3'/ 1.:3JF &$IF j&;&7 k+4+"` 1';&` D19-:hY+ ,'?() k4&_\ &<@H
1944 8$K8; 22 ’;41:/ 4 1T*+ 4+"<*+ k+4+"<*+ „QU ,@'P 2)> .,EIJ*+ gc w$H 1'/ .ˆ8<(*+ 2) gc

10
C$xmF C3` b`> +if 32 CTI*+ ,.P+8) 0H }O1/ "3:E; ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''/ †;"TF CB Xe/ 0t1<*+>
D19-:hY+ ,'?() 27 1950 "39P 23 ’;41:/ 4 1_ "% 4+"` 0H 51P> G!41<E*+ Cxm*1/ b$3*+ &<7
&<7 C$xmF C3` dE`> ,EIJ*+ g(* ,h41') CB "3:E; 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 33 CTI*+ Xe/ 16;\
,qh+8/ Yf ,$?@'*+ W1<:K+ [@7 WY&:hY+ 2?'; Y> G1<@q) 1K}q/ }O1/ !41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 D"T:*+
C$xm:*+ y1pK 0H j4"<'*+ ™ 13'*+ [@7 A.)1?c\ 0H j16<*+ 2) &7 &9:h+ &`> .„&c> !41<E*+ Cxm*+
1) CB> 1'v1`> + 8P8) "3:E; !41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 Cxm) gc C?H G!41<E*+ C$xm:*+ ,$xc [@7> 09$E*+
C%&F „1xFY+ +QU 0H y1?cM+ 4+8F b)> . 8P8) "$R> 1)&E9) "3:E; !41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 Cxm; A*
‰13hš* "E:; X\ X> a9*+ "U1€ [@7 + 1':7+ wI`8) †t8$* wF+4+"` =&cf 0H [@7M+ @x'*+
: 0@; 1) 4+"<*+ +QU 0H 51P &`> G,$v19L:hY+ ,*1(*+ „QU ";"<:* Z"J'*+ 1.$*f &9:h+ 0:*+
b$IJ*+ gc X\ [@7 1.$H 8'R Y k+413E/> ,c+"_ a9; 19158$K8; 2"$.€ 2) 32 CTI*+ Xf"
2?'; Y> G"% z"] !\ ,H1tf X> &<E*+ ’;41F 2) 5+&:/+ 2;".] 06'/ <m; b$3*+ &<7 "6(; !Q*+
\&3) 27 k1$v{x*+ ‡E/ 0H &$(; &` !Q*+ Z"J'*+ 1.* +4\ 1) "$R wF1$6:<) C$'(F> w@;>eF
."413:7Y+> ,;17"*1/ gc\ 1U+"; k+413:7Y „"`\
gc X1;"m* \&3) C$xm:*+ 2) jQo:) G„1xFY+ IK 0H AB1('*+ ‡E/ k"':h+ &<@H V*i AR4>
[@7 1.@$(; >\ ,@‹1''*+ 1;16<*+ 2) "$L?* =&T:; [@7M+ @x'*+ CEP 1') GW+8cM+ dK1B 1'.) ,EIJ*+
.&;&P 2) 1.$H "p9@* D19-:hY+ AB1() ‡E/
C;"/\ 20 ’;41:/ 516$3*1/ D19-:hY+ ,'?() 27 4 1_ "% 4+"` k1$L$c =&cf 0H 4> +Q?U>
: 0@; 1) [@7M+ @x'*+ D"O 2) 1.$@7 ,$6<*+ ,*1cf &E/ 1978
y8; 2) Yf ™&:3F Y !41<E*+ X8K1<*+ 2) 32 G31 2$@TI*+ 0H 1.$@7 …8T9'*+ W1Ps+ X\ n$c>"
&<E*+ 4"c +if 1) ,*1c 0H X8?; 2;".] 06'/ ,EIJ*+ z8<h Xf> G!41<E*+ Cxm*1/ 5+"J*+ &$$<F
wK\> G="%\ ,@$h> ,;e/ wF13‹f 2?'; Y> 486(*+ +QU [@7 a$T9:*+ lx; wK\> G51B"J*+ "6('/
j 1.J/ 486(*+ +QU k13‹f X\> G&<E*+ @x'/ +"t1c 2?; A* b$IJ*+ X\ ,;"]M+ 8<7 2) 2$3:;
V*Q/> 0)}hu+ w<I*+ &7+8` b) gH+8:; a9*+ +QU G0K8K1<*+ a9@* V*i ,I*1o'* W83<) "$R S$I@*+
[@7 ,EIJ*+ l@O 0H d3*+ 2$E:; wK\> Gw@v1h> b$'P W83` y&E/> GŽ1h\ [@7 {?F") "$R bH&*+ X8?;
."="%M+ W+8cM+ 0H ,9h 06'/ <mF ,EIJ*+ X\ 413:7+
32 CTI*+ lmc ,*1(*+ „QU 0H b$3*+ &<7 C$xmF l@q:; A* Z"J'*+ X8B 0H W 1xK Y 19B +if>
gc 2) 2;&$I:m'*+ 51q7f [*f w/ dEH 0:*+ ‰13hM+ 0U 1) !4&K Y 19KŒH .413:7Y1/ [*>\ ‰13hM
A.'@7 d3‹> !":J'*+> bv13*+ lK1P [*f &<E*+ y+"/f 519‹\ +>"6c &` +8)+ 1) W8O\ ,@.) ,EIJ*+
>\ &<E*+ y+"/f 519‹\ ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') 0H A.F +4f 27 "$3E:*1/ A.)+{*f X1?)u1/ X1B n$c Gb$3*1/
V;"J*+ Xe/ A@E*+ b) +QU .W8O\ j&) A.v1q7u 4"3) !\ ~19U $@H .w)+"/u ,$*+8'*+ y1;\ ,‹}L*+ W}%
lE@; n$c !":J'*+ ,qh+8/ w|$@3F AF +if Gy1;\ ,‹}‹ ,@.'/ Z"J'*+ „&$` &<E*+ y+"/f "6(; Y !Q*+
j"$T<*+ ,@.'*1/ eP1I;> w/ w|$@3F 519‹\ b$3*1/ eP1I; aoJ*1H .,*1(*+ „QU 0H „4> jeP1I'*+ "T97

11
wt"7> ‰8@q'*+ ‚@3'*+ b'x* ,_1% 1K"pK 0H ,$H1B "$R 0U> y1;\ ,‹}‹ 0U> Z"J'*+ 1./ „&$` 0:*+
.!":J'*+ [@7
‰13h\ 0U> C$xm:*+ z+":]+ y&7 [*f w:EH 0:*+ ‰13hM+ 27 W51m:K X\ V*i b) 19* g(; wKf>
W&:mK> G09$E*+ C$xm:*+ y1pK 0H j4"<'*+ ™ 13'*+ 27 1P>"% "3:EF> 1K"pK 0H ,R1m:m) "$R [<3F
:,$*1:*+ k+4"3'*1/ V*i [@7
54&* k&P> ,EIJ*+ XM .wK+>M g/1h l@O 8U w@$xmF A:; A* b$/ 0H ,EIJ*1/ Q%M+ l@O Xf -1
>\ Gw$H ‰8R") "$R &;&P V;"] W8@c 1.$@7 0939; k1H"TF 5+"P 2) b$IJ*+ g(@; !Q*+ 4"6*+
,$?@'*+ 0H XeJ*+ 8U 1'B ,$?@'*+ &$c8F 1.E) 2m(; b$IJ*+> bv13*+ 2) C?* ,$9$7 ˆ8<c 8P8*
[:c Gw9) Z8IJ'*+ [*f bv13*+ 2) ,$?@'*+ C<9; y1F b$/ 8P> 1':c y{@:mF ,$7>"J'*+ „QU> .,B":J'*+
.b$IJ*+ gc &P8;
…8T9) 8U 1) b) [H19:F Y ,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+ y1?c\ C€ 0H ,EIJ@* ,3P8'*+ ‰13hM+ Xf -2
0H j4"<'*+ ™ 13'*+ 2)> 29 CTI*+ W}% 2) V*i †6:; n$c !41<E*+ C$xm:*+ X8K1` 0H w$@7
Y ,EIJ*+ Xe/ &$I; +QU> .41$o*1/ ’mI@* }/1` b$3*+ X1B +if &P8F Y ,EIJ*+ X\ 8U> .,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+
A* b$/ 8.H X8K1<*+ 1.$@7 aK k+5+"Pf y1'Ff [@7 g@E'*+> 3F"'*+ b$3*+ 1)\ k13*+ b$3*+ 0H Yf ƒ8xF
„QU> ,$K8K1` ,$I$?/ 41<E@* 1?*1) !":J'*+ "$T; X\ ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''* z":J; wKe/ &$I; +QU> &E/ A:;
.!41<E*+ Cxm*1/ 16;\ w@$xm:/> C/ „&c> &<E*+ y+"/f 0H CL':F Y ,$I$?*+
&<H Cxm; A* b$3*+ y+ 1'H "O1o'*+ ‡E3* b$IJ*+ "EF b$3*+ C$xmF C3` ,EIJ*+ ,h41') Xf -3
2?'; Y ,EIJ*+ X\ y8@E)> G +{'*+ &$<;> 09@E*+ +{'*1/ Z13; >\ C$xm:*+ 27 ,</1m*+ j":I*+ W}% {x(;
0H ,B41J'*+> 486(*+ 2) +89?':$* V*Q/ 51B"J*+ ‚$@3F b`>> 09@E*+ +{'*1/ b$3*+ AF +if 1.:h41')
. +{'*+
Xf kY1(*+ CL) 0H b$IJ*+ [@7 b9:';> Ž}Hu+ A?c &$$<F A:;> V*1'*+ Ž}HŒ/ r"T; X\ 2?'; 1'B
.!41<E*+ Cxm*1/ Z8IJ'*+ w<c C$xmF [*f C_8:*+ ,EIJ*+ gc Ž41) 8U
41<E@* 1?*1) „4>&/ †3T; X\ b$IJ@* 2?'; C.H C$xm:*+ C3` ,EIJ*+ ,h41''/ †'h 8* wKf -4
,$?@'*+ W1<:K+ X\ 1'?H b$'x*+ [@7 g3q; X\ 0|39; C$xm:*+ ,$xc \&3) Xf “ C$xmF X> w$H Z8IJ'*+
d3L; X\ lx; Y ,EIJ*+ gc V*Q?H C$xm:*+ ’;41F 2) 5+&:/+ Yf !":J'*+ ,.P+8) 0H !"m; Y
.C$xm:*+ &E/ Yf 51B"J@*
27 +8*ƒ19:; X\ V@'*+ 0H 51B"J@* 2?'; Y wK\ [@7 a9; 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 33 CTI*+ Xf -5
,(;"_ ,IT/ &$I; +QU> .}O1/ A.*ƒ19F X1B Yf> !41<E*+ Cxm*1/ 5+"J*+ C$xmF C3` ,EIJ*+ 0H A.<c
V*i [@7 1h1$`> ,EIJ*+ w/ g@E:F !Q*+ 09$E*+ g(*+ 58JK &E/ Yf eJ9; Y ,EIJ*+ gc 27 Wƒ19:*+ Xe/
,EIJ*+ gc 27 Wƒ19:*+ X1B +iŒH w$H Z8IJ'*+ 09$E*+ g(*+ 58JK &E/ Yf eJ9; Y „4>&/ ,EIJ*+ gc XŒH
}O1/ "3:E; X\ 0|39; 5+"J*+ C$xmF C3` g(*+ +QU ,h41') V*Q?H }O1/ "3:E; 5+"J*+ C$xmF C3`
.&<E*+ y+"/f 519‹\ 51B"J*+ 486c 2) AR"*1/

12
:,9h W}% ,EIJ*+ ,h41') - 3- 2
,*1(*+ Y> G[*>M+ ,*1(*+ z>"] "H8:F A* +if ,EIJ*+ w$H Ž41'F 1)17 }P\ ,9m*+ CP\ "3:E;
n$c 1915 8$K8; 2"$.€ 2) 32 CTI*+ 2) j"$%M+ k+413E*+ 0H CPM+ +QU [@7 a9*+ 4> &`> G,$K1L*+
:w$H 51P
."51B"J*+ „"6(; A* Xf b$3*+ &$$<F ’;41F 2) 5+&:/+ j&c+> ,9h 06'/ W+8cM+ b$'P 0H>"
"H8:F Y 1)&97 1)17 }P\ "3:E; ,EIJ*+ ,h41''* 4"<'*+ ,9m*+ CP\ X\ k+413E*+ „QU 2) –:9:mK>
"$|/ b$3*+ &<7 y+"/f AF +if ,9h CP\ W}% Ž41'; ,EIJ*+ gc X\ !\ G2$F4"<'*+ 2$:*1(*+ z>"]
’;41F 2) +413:7+ ,9m*+ CP\ lm:(;> !":J'*+ D"O 2) V*Q/ A.)}7f A:; X\ X> > 51B"J*+ 486c
AB1('*+ ‡E/ XŒH ,*1(*+ „QU [@7 a9*+ ,c+"_ AR4> .w@3` Y !41<E*+ Ah"*1/ b$3*+ &<7 C$xmF
CP\ ˆ}qK+ ,q<K 2$/ X8q@o; n$c ,9m*+ CP\ ‰1m:cY ,;+&3B &<E*+ y+"/f ’;41:/ Q%M+ [*f lUQF
4+&_f [*f [@7M+ @x'*1/ @o*+ +QU bH &`> .,pI('*+ "$R k+41<E*+> ,pI('*+ k+41<E*+ 0H ,EIJ*+
&E/ ,EIJ*+ l@O 0H w<c <m; Y „"6('/ b$3*+ b<; A* !Q*+ b$IJ*+ Xe/ &$I; Z8t8'*+ 0H w* 4+"`
Y ,;41<E*+ ,pH1('*+ 0H b$3*+ C$xmF ’;41F 2) ™&:3; +QU ,9m*+ &)\ X\> ,9h 516<K+ &E/ C/ 2;".]
.w78`> ’;41F 2)
…8T9*+ r8t> AR4 ,*em'*+ „QU 0H &c+> !\4 [@7 +"<:m) $* [@7M+ @x'*+ X\ Nc}'*+>
:2$$*1:*+ 2;4+"<*+ W}% 2) ‡`19:*+ +QU ƒ"3K X\ 0I?;> !41<E*+ N$I(:*1/ ,<@E:'*+
:0@; 1'/ 1976 "39:] 20 ’;41:/ 4 1_ 588 A`4 d(F 4+"` 0H [6` &<H
."!41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 5+"J*+ &<7 C$xmF C3` 8*> ,EIJ*+ gc Ž41'; X\ b$IJ@* ƒ8x;"
,I_ ,EIJ*+ l*1q* d3LF Y V*i D}o/ 1977 ";+"3H 23 ’;41:/ 127 A`4 d(F "% 4+"` 0H [6`>
.,EIJ*+ w9) ‰8@q'*+ V@'F &$$<F C3` !41<E*+ Cxm*1/ +&$<) w?@'F &<7 X1B +if Yf 1.<(:m; 0:*+ V;"J*+
A:; X\ C3` ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H w<c [@7 ›1I(@* 0O1$:c+ &$$<F 5+"Pf [*f 1K1$c\ b$IJ*+ •x:@; &`>
’;41F "3:E; CU> 0O1$:cY+ &$$<:*+ +QU ,$xc 27 W”1m:*+ ‡E/ "$LF ,*1(*+ „QU> b$3*+ &<7 &$$<F
“ ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''*> ,9m*+ CP\ X1;"m* 1$H1B wv+"Pf
,'?() wF&;\> ,$6<*+ „QU CL'* A;&` A?c 0H 516$3*+ 4+&*1/ ,$v+&:/Y+ ,'?('*+ dt"EF &<*
:0@; 1'/ j48BQ'*+ ,'?('*+ d6` n$c z1/"*1/ D19-:hY+
2) ,9m*+ CP\ ‰1m:cY j&$c8*+ ˆ}qKY+ ,q<K "3:E; !41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 b$3*+ &<7 C$xmF Xf"
2) b$3*+ &<7 C$xmF C3` !41<E*+ Ah"*+ [@7 Cxm'*+ 0O1$:cY+ &$$<:*+ Xf> ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') CP\
A*> &E/ d3L; A* wKeJ/ [7&'*+ y+ 1) ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') †$3; Y ,71J'*+ ˆ8<(*+ 2) gc ,;1'c CP\
."!":J'*+ j&v1I* Cxm;
";"<F 0H> w<c ,;1'c 0H w3c1_ &$I; X1B Xf 0O1$:cY+ &$$<:*+ X\ A?(*+ +QU W}% 2) [@x:;>
0v16` A?c ,qh+8/ w$H 07&'*+ g(*+ d3L; X\ &E/ Yf ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''* w/ &:E; Y wKŒH ,;8*>M+

13
CP\ wKeJ/ !"m;> ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H g(*+ eJ9; ~+QK> w@$xmF A:;> Gw/ 06<'*+ 50J*+ j8` lm:?;
.,9m*+
+"pK> ,pH1('*1/ b$3*+ C$xmF ’;41F 2) ,9h "':m; ,EIJ*1/ ,3*1q'*+ 0H V;"J*+ gc X1B +if
„Q%e$h y\ „&$/ [<3; CU w$*f C<:K+ !Q*+ l$T9*+ "$T) D"E; XM 06:<F !":J'*+ ,(@T) X8?*
.,EIJ*1/ V;"J*+
wI`8) 27 +48H ‰+"7u+ 1.$H w9) l@q; V;"J*+ [@7 =87 bH"; X\ !":J'*+ gc 2) XŒH V*Q*
.,EIJ*+ 2)
Yf> y1;\ ,‹}‹ =&E:; Y CP\ 0H S;41T'*+> 2'L*+ ! ^; X\ w$@7 lP> ,EIJ*1/ Q%M+ 4"` XŒH
,9m*+ W}% w;\4 27 ‰"E$h wK\> ,9h 8U ,EIJ*+ CP\ X\ =87&/ Z4Q:; X\ w9?'; Y> 1.$H w<c <h
.,9m*+ ,@.'* +&c b6F !":J'*+ =87 X\ n$(/
,q<K !41<E*+ Cxm*1/ b$3*+ C$xmF 2) QoF+ Z"J'*+ X\ }L*+ kY1(*+ „QU W}% 2) †6:;>
0H> !":J'*+ ,.P+8) 0H ,xc C$xm:*+ +QU ‡.9;> .1.*1P ‰1m:cY> ,EIJ*+ gc ,h41''* ˆ}qK+
+486c 51B"J*+ 1.$H "6(; 0:*+ 0U> j&c+> ,*1c Yf V*i 2) 2L:m; A*> ,EIJ*+ gc ‰1(_\ ,.P+8)
.Q%—) 2) ,*1(*+ „QU w/ Am:F 1) AR4 wmIK &<E*+ 0H AU486c [*f j41]u+ A:F> &<E*+ ";"(F 1$@EH
,R1$_ j 17f 06:<F j4>"6*+ XŒH g$3q:*+ 0H CB1J) 2) wc"qF 1)> ,EIJ*+ W1P &EF y1)\>
,'c4 1U&$c8F 0H X8?$h> C_1(*+ 8'|*+> y1./u+ C;{F ,$I$?/ W1Ps+ „Q.* ,'p9'*+ …8T9*+
.w9) Z8IJ'*+> b$IJ@*
N$I(:*+ 48O 0H 41<7 ,EI] W1P - 3
„QU 0H 41<E*+ [<3; n$c wKeJ/ g3qF Y 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ k1$6:<) XŒH NI(; A* 41<E*+ y+ 1)
W1Ps+ …8To*1/> Z.W.ˆ k1$6:<'*> ,$)}hu+ ,E;"J*+ y1?cM 1<3O ,EIJ*+ &7+8<* 1Et1% ,*1(*+
.k17+{9*+ 2) +"$LB "$L; 1) 8U> (b$3*1/ A@E*+ ’;41F 2) ,9h 8U> Y\) 1.:h41''* j4"<'*+
:2$:*1c 2$/ {$$':*+ 2$E:; +Q.*>
.N$I(:*+ l@q) bt> 27 g/1m*+ b$3*+ -1
.N$I(:*+ l@q) bt8* gc}*+ b$3*+ -2
6()'*!$ +,-. /01! 23&4!$ /(5!$ : !"#$ %!&'!$
:XY1':c+ ~19.H N$I(:*+ l@q) bt> 27 1</1h b$3*+ X1B +if
.N$I(:*+ 03*1O 2$/ 2) !":J'*+ X8?; X\ 1)f -1
.N$I(:*+ l@q) 27 1$39P\ 1To] !":J'*+ X8?; X\ 1)f -2
+QU &t ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 2;"%s+ 51B"J@* g($H N$I(:*+ 03*1O 2$/ 2) !":J'*+ X1B +iŒH -\
wKM N$I(:*+ l@q) bt> ’;41F 2) ,9h CP\ W}% N$I(:*+ 03*1O 2't w'h+ Š4&'*+ !":J'*+

14
b$3*1/ A@E*+ k13‹f A.9?'; C/ N$I(:*+ l@q) 0H A.E) 039PM+ W8%&/ 51B"J*+ ,$</ A@7 W8Tc ":I;
".519/ >\ y&./ A@E*+ d3L; " N$I(:*+ l@q) bt> C3` [:c
.,9m*+ CP\ g@q9; w9) A@E*+ W8Tc ’;41F 8U N$I(:*+ l@q) bt> "3:E$H W+8cM+ b$'P 0H>
1$39P\ 1To] "3:E; aoJ*+ +QU XŒH N$I(:*+ l@q) 27 1$39P\ 1To] !":J'*+ X1B +if 1)\ -‰
W8Tc ’;41F 2) ,9h CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 51B"J@* 2?';> bv13*+ Ah+ 0H ,;41x*+ j"qm'*+ 27
.N$I(:*+ l@q) bt> ’;41F [@7 "p9*+ ‡|/ b$3*1/ A.'@7
2?'; n$c ,$c}_f ,_}o/ y1$<*+ b) N$I(:*+ l@q'/ wv+"] 2$'6:/ ,3*1q'*+ !":J'@* 2?';>
.,$c}_u+ ,_}o*+ "JK ’;41F 2) ,9h CP\ W}% ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 2;"%s+ 51B"J@*
,$c}_f ,_}o/ y1$<*+ y&7> N$I(:*+ l@q'/ w'h+ 2$'6F y&7 =eF4+ >\ !":J'*+ 4"` +if>
Ah"*+ $heF ,$@'7 XM w$*f ,3m9*1/ j"O1o) V*i 0H XŒH ,;41x*+ N$I(:*+ j"qm) 27 +&$E/ [<3$*
.N$I(:*+ l@q'/ ,9@E'*+ "$R> ,9'6'*+ "$R ˆ8<(*+ 2) 41<E*+ ".q:h !41<E*+
6()'*!$ +,-. /01! 29:!$ /(5!$ :%(7&8!$ %!&'!$
&c\ [*f w3$TK b$3/ y1` &` N$I(:*+ 03*1O &c\ X\ ":I; N$I(:*+ l@q) bt8* gc}*+ b$3*+ Xf
."$|*+ [*f >\ wv1B"]
"$R ˆ8<(*+ b$'P 2) 41<E*+ ".q; wK\ n$c N$I(:@* 0v1.9*+ "‹M1/ !":J'*+ "‹e:; Y [:c>
=&cŒ/ w<c 41.]f [*f [Em; X\ !":J'*+ [@7 lP+8*+ 2) wKŒH N$I(:*+ j"qm) W}% ,9@E'*+
:2$:@$h>
8$K8; 3 !";ƒ8*+ 4+"<*+ 2) 8 j 1'@* 1<H> N$I(:*+ l@q'* ,$c}_f ,_}% 5+"Pf l@q/ y1$<*+ -1
j&;"x*1/ &;&P 41.]Œ/ y1$<*+ &T</ ,;41<E*+ ,pH1('*1/ 5+"J*+ &<7 2) ,omK bt> 2$E:; n$c 1915
.N$I(:*+ 03*1O 2't w'h+ 2$'6F> ,$'h"*+
Cxm/ &$<; n$c 1913 dJR 12 "$.€ 2) 84 CTI*+ k1$6:<'* 1<H> 5+"J*+ &<7 Z+&;Œ/ y1$<*+ -2
.–v1:K 2) 2$:@$h8*+ 2$F1U 27 lF":; 1) b) k1t"E:*+
\&3'* g$3qF +QU 0H> ,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ 41.]u1/ y1$<*+ lP8:mF ,$c}_f ,_}o/ y1$<*1H *
.,$9@E*+
03*1O [*f „")\ CT; X\ 2?''*+ 2)> ,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ 41.]u+ l@q:; }H Z+&;u1/ y1$<*+ 1)\ *
N$I(:*+ 03*1O A@7 [*f Z+&;u+ +QU CT; Y X\ V*QB 2?''*+ 2)> ,EIJ*+ ,h41') A.9?';> N$I(:*+
.Z+&;u+ +QU A.<c 0H !"m$mH V*i b)>
:2$:@$h8*+ 2$F1U ,h+4&/ y8<9h>
:1915 1(71F 3 DEFG1!$ @$E>!$ H. 8 ;<&=,! &>?" /(5!$ @&ABC -1-2
:(1954 dJR 18 4+"</ W&E'*+) 1915 8$K8; 30 !";ƒ8*+ 4+"<*+ 2) 8 CTI*+

15
lc1T* ƒ8x; 1913 dJR 12 "$.€ 2) 84 j 1'*+ 0H j4"<'*+ j"qm'*+ 27 "p9*+ D"T/"
2) &7 ‰"`\ 0H g(*+ +QU "JK l@q; X\ GN$I(:*+ j"qm) X1;"P 519‹\ W&E'*+ >\ eJ9'*+ g(*+
.48BQ'*+ g(@* ,:3L'*+ gv1‹8*1/ ,;41<E*+ ,pH1('*+ =&* 1$*&) ,$'h"*+ j&;"x*+
.g(@* C;&EF >\ 51JKf 2) &P 1) j17+") b) 2?*> G0K8K1<*+ 1U"$h N$I(:*+ j"qm) "$mF>
&;&P 2) „"JK lx; wKŒH ,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ „"JK y&<F &` &;&(:*+ 51.:K+ 27 X}7u+ X1B +if>
"$R .W&E'*+ >\ eJ9'*+ g(*+ 27 X}7u+ 2) 5+&:/+ C`M+ [@7 2$9‹+ 2;".] CP\ 0H "E:*+ [Fe:$*
.W&E'*+ >\ eJ9'*+ g(*1/ j"]13) g@E:F 0:*+ k1t"E:*+ Yf ,*1(*+ „QU C3<F Y wK\
."j"qm'*+ X1;"P 519‹\ W&E'*+ >\ eJ9'*+ g(*+ j17+") b) N$I(:*+ A:;>
Ah+ W1% Œ/ NH1('*+ y8<; n$c N$I(:*+ l@q'* ,$c}_f ,_}% 5+"PŒ/ ,3*1q'*+ !":J'*+ X1?)Œ/
!":J'*+ Q%e; n$c ,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ &;&P 41.]Œ/ y1$<*+> N$I(:*+ 03*1O 2't &;&x*+ !":J'*+
.(bv13*+) g/1m*+ V*1'*+ Ah+ V*Q* 1E3F 0I:o;> N$I(:*+ 03*1O 2't ,;41x*+ j"qm'*+ 0H w:K1?)
51.:KY &;&P 5+"PŒ/ y1$<*+ 2$E:$H ,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ 1U41.]f AF &` &;&(:*+ ,$@'7 dK1B +if>
.!":J'*+ Ah+ [*f 1.$H j41]u+ b) &;&(:*+ ,$@'7
A@7 [@7 +8(3_\ 51B"J*+ 0`1/ Xe/ ":I; n$c X+".] 8U> "E:@* &;&P CP\ V*i "‹f †:I;>
.V*i +> +4\ Xf ,EIJ*+ ,h41') A.K1?)Œ/ †3_\> A.E) !":J'*+ W8%&/
.(,9h CP\) ,$c}_u+ ,_}o*+ 41.]f ’;41F 2) 5+&:/+ g@q9; ,EIJ*+ ,h41') CPeH
X\ 2) AR"*1/ 1915 8$K8; 2 "$.€ 2) 32 j 1'*+ 0H 1.$@7 …8T9'*+ ="%M+ W1Ps+ !"mF C.H
“N$I(:*+ 48O 0H W+{; Y 41<E*+
.,pI('*+ k+41<E*+ aoF19158$K8; 2 "$.€ k1$6:<) XM W1Ps+ V@F !"mF Y 1$v&3)
:1913 MNO 12E(AL H. 84 ;<&=,! &>?" /(5!$ I>J K$IFC -2-2
:1913 dJR 12 "$.€ 2) 84 j 1'*+
0H w3$F"F CP\ 2) w3c1T* 2?)\ 41.]œ* bt1% gc N$I(:*+ 48O 0H 41<7 [@7 eJK +if"
&$<;> C$xm:@* ,)ƒ}*+ gv1‹8*+ ,pH1('*1/ Z 8; X\ "$|*+ ,.P+8) 0H 48BQ'*+ g(*1/ Vm':*+> C$xm:*+
&$$<:*1/ w* d9$7 0:*+ ,3F"*1/ !41<E*+ Ah"*+ 0H g(*+ +QU Cxm;> Gk1t"E:*+ Cxm/ Z+&;u+ +QU
. "j"qm'*+ 5+"Pf w/ w* †'m; X\ z"J/> N$I(:*+ y8; 0H V*i> Gg/1m*+
41L) †3T; ")M+ XŒH 84 j 1'@* 1<3O k1t"E:*+ Cxm/ wv+"] &<7 Z+&;Œ/ !":J'*+ [I:B+ +if
.,EIJ*+ gc ,h41') ˆ}qK+ CP\ ,H"E'* ˜1<K
Cxh 2't 5+"J*+ &<7 [*f j41]u1/ y1$<*+ 0U 84 j 1'*+ 0H w$@7 …8T9'*+ Z+&;u+ 2) ,;1|*1H
C'E; wKŒH !41<E*+ Ah"*+ $heF 4+"` NH1('*+ Qo:; 1)&97> 1t"EF V*i "3:E; X\ "$R 2) k1t"E:*+
.V*Q/ †'mF N$I(:*+ j"qm) dK1B +if 5+"J*+ &<7 &$$<F [@7 d`8*+ IK 0H
03*1q* Y> "$|*+ X1?)Œ/ $*> G,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ „41.]f A:; Y Z 8'*+ &<E*+ Xe/ j41]u+ 4&xF
k1t"EF 2) w9'6:; 1)> A.3@q) S@) [@7 "]13'*+ Z}OY+ ,qh+8/ Yf Z+&;u+ +Q./ A@E*+ N$I(:*+

16
8P> &97 ")M+ w$@7 1'* 1H}% Z+&;u+ +Q./ N$I(:*+ 03*1O 413%Œ/ NH1('*+ y8<; Y> k17+&;f>
+>Qo:$* A.3@q) XeJ/ ,)&<'*+ k1t"E:*1/ N$I(:*+ 03*1O ‚$@3F NH1('*+ [@7 2$E:; n$c k1t"EF
.lh19'*+ S`8'*+
.k1t"EF wKeJ/ y&<F X\ 2?';> bv13*+ Ah+ 0H "':mF ,*1(*+ „QU 0H N$I(:*+ j"qm'H
Y> N$I(:*+ l@q'/ ,9$U4 [<3F> bv13*+ 2) j&':m'*+ w`8<c XM Nc}'*+ 4> Qo:$H !":J'*+ 1)\
.wKeJ/ k1t"EF y&<F X\ 2?';
.Z+&;u+ 8U> 1.$*f 41J'*+ [*>M+ ,@$h8*+ 2$/ !"U8x*+ D}:%Y+ g3h 1) CB W}% 2) ".p;>
“ 41.]f ,/1L'/ Z+&;u+ +QU 413:7+ 2?'; CU
“ ,EIJ*+ CP\ ˆ}qKY ,;+&/ Z+&;u+ +QU ’;41F 413:7+ 2?'; CU
.,*em'*+ „QU 0H 516<*+ "pK k1.P> dI@:%+ &<*
: W>M+ „1xFY+ -\
,h41''* ,9m*+ CP\ ˆ}qK+ ,q<K X8?; 84 j 1'*+ k1$6:<'* 1<H> b$3*+ &<7 Z+&;f Xe/ "3:E;
$heF 4+"`> .1.:h41') 0H 51B"J*+ gc <h CPM+ C%+ ,EIJ*+ =87 Ž41'F A* +if> ,EIJ*+
.g(*+ +Q./ ,3*1q'*+ 2) 41<E*+ ".q; !41<E*+ Ah"*+
“ "$R Y ,EIJ*+ =87 C?] 0H y\ "EF C?] 0H ,EIJ*+ 51B"J*+ Ž41'; CU
:,$*1:*+ ‰13hš* "EF C?] 0H ,EIJ*+ ,h41') A.9?'; Y
b)> .…1% bt> w@H "E:'*+ ,I_ [:c w* dm$*> N$I(:*+ l*1O ,I_ w* dm$* !":J'*+ XM
.w<c 0H w@() W8@(@* ,EIJ*+ ,h41') [*f X8Em;> ,pH1('*1/ Z 8'*+ 5+"J*+ 0H X87ƒ19; A.H V*i
12 "$.€ 2) 10 j 1'*+ XM N$I(:*+ l@q) C%+ ,EIJ*+ =87 ,h41''/ 51B"J*+ y8<; +Q.*>
Cxm/ w@$xmF NH1('*+ [@7 2$E:$H Z+{9/ g@E:; ")M+ y+ 1)> g(*+ +Q./ A.* NI:(F 1913 dJR
.k1t"E:*+
Ž41) wK8?* b$IJ*+ gc z8<m/ [6` 1932 !1) 20 0H z1/"*+ ,'?() 27 4 1_ A;&` A?c 0IH
4+"</ A?(*+ +QU &$;eF AF &`> 84 j 1'*+ k1$6:<'* 1<H> 5+"J*+ &<7 Z+&;f &E/ 2) ,9m*+ Š41% „+>17
.1935 Ž41) 5 0H 4 1_
2) C/ !41<E*+ Ah"*+ $heF ’;41F 2) \&3; Y ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H b$IJ*+ Xe/ ,'?('*+ k"3:7+>
.,pH1('*1/ 5+"J*+ Z+&;f ’;41F
.d/1‹ "$R S`8) ,'?('*+ w:93F !Q*+ S`8'*+ Xe/ ,pc}) b) *
Ah"*+ $he:/ NH1('*+ 4+"<H N$I(:*+ ,x$:K [@7 1<@E) w<c CEx; !":J'*+ w/ y1` !Q*+ Z+&;u1H
0qE; !Q*+ 8U j"]13) 5+"J*+ &$$<:/ „4+"` A‹ bv13*+ A.9't> N$I(:*+ 03*1O Ah+ 0H !41<E*+
.g(*+ lc1_ ,I_ !":J'@*

17
Xe/ &$I; +Q.H .84 j 1'*+ 0H w$@7 …8T9'*+ Z+&;u+ ’;41F 2) !"m; ,9m*+ CP\ X\ 1K"3:7+ +if -
.’;41:*+ +QU 2) ,9h CP\ C%+ ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H g(*+ A.* 51B"J*+
.,9m*+ „QU C%+ Z 8'*+ 5+"J*+ &$$<F> !41<E*+ Ah"*+ $he:/ „4+"` NH1('*+ Qo:; X\ CT(; &`>
A.<c ,h41') 2) 2;"%s+ 51B"J*+ b9'; 5+"J*+ V*i &$$<F> !41<E*+ Ah"*+ $he:/ NH1('*+ 4+"` C.H
“ V*i 0H g(*+ A.* X\ y\ &E/ 1.@P\ w:9; A* 0:*+ ,EIJ*+ 0H
.X+>M+ C3` <m; ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 0H 51B"J*+ gc CEx$h 48BQ'*+ „1xFY+ 0H "$m*+ Xf
:0K1L*+ „1xFY+ /‰
"‹^; X\ "$R 2) 2?*> 84 j 1'@* 1<H> Z+&;u+ ’;41F 2) \&3; ,EIJ*+ ,h41''* ,9m*+ CP\ Xe/ "3:E;
.CPM+ +QU X1;"h [@7 N$I(:*+ 4+"`
&$$<:*+ +QU X8?; X\ 2?'; 0*1:*1/> wm$he:* 1<cY [F\ !41<E*+ Ah"*1/ 5+"J*+ &$$<F Xe/ "3:E; n$c
.N$I(:*+ j"qm) X1;"h W}% AF w7+&;f Xe/ AR"*1/ 0O1$:c+ &$$<F Z8t8)> Z+{K Z8t8)
.!41<E*+ Ah"*+ $he:/ 2$U4 1:`^) 1$*1':c+ 1<c w3c1T* 0qE; Z+&;u+ +Q.H
.&$$<:*1/ &7> Xif 8.H &$$<:@* }/1` 1<c w@Ex; 1') Ah"*+ $heF &E/ w:3F4 g(*+ +QU Q%e; n$c
Ah"*+ $heF C3`> 84 j 1'@* 1<H> AF !Q*+ Z+&;œ* + 19:h+ ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 51B"J*+ X1?)Œ3H +Q.*>
2) +413:7+ !":J'*+ ,I_ w9) &$I:m'@* [q7\> k1/ &$$<F [*f W8(F &` Z+&;u+ X\ 413:7+ [@7 !41<E*+
.Z+&;u+ ’;41F 2) $*> &$$<:*+ ’;41F
&$$<F> A.'h1/ ,;41P dK1B j"qm'*+ XM bv13*+ A.9't> 51B"J*+ Ah1/ AF !41<E*+ Ah"*+ $he:H
dJR 12 "$.€ 2) 67 [*f 65 +8'*+ 0H 1.$@7 …8T9'*+ k+&$$<:*+ j"qm'* 1<H> AF !":J'*+ Ah+
.1913
32> 31 +8'*+ 0H 1.$@7 …8T9'*+ W1Ps+ W}% ,EIJ*+ ,h41') 51B"J@* 2?'; &T*+ +QU 0H>
.1915 89;8; 2 "$.€ 2)
j"L?/ + &.) !":J'*+ [<3; Y [:c> k};>e:*+ j"L?* 1$H}F> 5+4s+ „QU CB 2) a@o; 1K"pK 0H>
.1915 8$K8; 3 !";ƒ8*+ 4+"<*+ 2) 8 j 1'*+ 0H 1.$@7 …8T9'*+ 41.]u+ j"qm) Z13F+ 2$E:$H W1Ps+
: y1#E*+ Š1#:9:hY+
:0@; 1) wt"7 g3h 1') 2$3:;
:,EIJ@* ,)1E*+ y1?cš* ,3m9*1/ - 1
†3T:* ,$9$E*+ ˆ8<(*+ ,K>&) 2't 1.9$9<F> y1?cM+ „QU 36* Z"J'*+ C%&F [*f Š1:(; ")M+ XŒH
k1H}:%Y+> k};>e:*+ j"L?* +&c &$c8:*+ +QU b6$h> X8K1<*+ W1P4> 2$)1('*+> 516<@* +&c8) 1EP")
.Z8t8'*+ 0H ,$.<I*+ k1I*^'*+ j"L?* +"pK 1.)1)\ wmIK 516<*+ &x; 0:*+
:,EIJ*+ W1Ps ,3m9*1/ - 2
18
"$R >\ dK1B ,pI() k+41<E*+ b$'x* ,3m9*1/ 1U&$c8F> W1Ps+ „QU ,EP+") l@q:; ")M+ XŒH
.N$I(:*+ 48O 0H >\ ,pI()
:2$9‹+ 2$@P\ 0H W1Ps+ „QU "Tc lx; wKŒH 1K"pK 0H>
.!41<E*+ Ah"*1/ b$3*+ &$$<F ’;41F 2) 1`}qK+ ,pI('*+ k+41<E@* ,3m9*1/ ".]\ ,‹}‹ -\
b$'P 0H CT(; X\ lx; A@E*+> ,pI('*+ "$R k+41<E@* ,3m9*1/ A@E*+ ’;41F 2) \&3F ,9h -‰
.k+89h }‹ W}% W+8cM+
"JK ’;41F 2) ,9h W}% ,EIJ*+ Ž41'F N$I(:*+ 48O 0H &P8; !Q*+ 41<E@* ,3m9*1/ - Š
.,$'h"*+ j&;"x*1/ N$I(:*+ l@q) ao@)

19

You might also like