CH (4)

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Integration

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 CH ( 4 ) Integration Management 1

Introduction
For any management knowledge area, it's important to
understand the process involved.
The integration knowledge area includes seven processes, as
described in the book PMP® exam prep: Develop project charter,
Develop project management plan, Direct and manage project
work, manage project knowledge, monitor and control project
work, perform integrated change control, and close project or
phase.
It's important to know that integration management is about
pulling all the pieces of a project together into a cohesive whole.

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What is the process of integration management?

Develop project charter
Develop project management plan
Direct and manage project work
Manage project knowledge
Monitor and control project work
Perform integrated change control
Close project or phase

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What is the Develop project charter process?

What are its outputs?
- Creating the project charter, which involves planning the project
at a high level to assess whether it is feasible within the given
constraints
- Outputs:
Project charter
Assumption log

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What is the develop project management plan process?

What is its output?
-The process of creating a project management plan
that is bought into, approved, realistic, and formal
- Output: project management plan

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What are the key output of the direct and manage work process?
Issue log
Deliverables
Work performance data
Change requests
Updates to the project management plan and project documents
Updates to organizational process assets

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What is the key output of the manage

project knowledge process?

The lessons learned register

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What are the key output of the monitor and

control project work process?
Change requests
Work performance reports
Updates to the project management plan and
project documents

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What are the key outputs of the close project or phase process?
A project manager must get formal acceptance of the project and
its deliverables, issue a final report that shows the project has
been successful, issue the final lessons learned, and index and
archive all the project records
Explain the project manager's role as an integrator.
Pulling all of the pieces o the project into a cohesive whole that
gets the project done faster, cheaper, and with fewer resources,
while meeting project objectives

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What are the two major categories of project

selection methods?
Benefit measurement methods (comparative)
Constrained optimization methods
(mathematical)

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What are the economic measures for selecting a project?

Return on investment
Present value
Net present value
Internal rate of return
Payback period
Cost-benefit analysis

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Define present value ?

Define net present value (NPV).How is it interpreted?
- Present value: the value today of future cash flows
- Net present value: the present value of total benefits (income or
revenue) minus costs over many time periods
Generally, if the net present value of a project is positive, the
investment is a good choice-unless an even better investment
opportunity exists

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Define internal rate of return (IRR)?

How is it interpreted?
- The rate at which a project's inflows and outflows are
equal (i.e., the rate of return of an investment in a
project)
- The higher the IRR, the better

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Define payback period ?

How is it interpreted ?
The length of time it takes for the organization to recover its
investment in the project before it starts accumulating profit
Payback period is likely to be one of only several financial
factors used in selecting a project; in some case, the best
choice might be a project that has a longer payback period

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Define cost-benefit analysis ?

What is the result of this analysis ?
How is it interpreted ?
- Comparing the expected costs of a project to the potential
benefits it could bring the organization
- The benefit-cost ratio (BCR)
- The higher the BCR, the better

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What concept is concerned with whether the

project returns to the company more value
than the initiative costs?
Economic value added (EVA)

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Define opportunity cost.

Define sunk costs.
- Opportunity cost: the opportunity given up by selecting one
project over another (i.e., the value of the project not selected)
- Sunk costs: expended costs
Sunk costs should not be considered when deciding whether
to continue with a troubled project

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Define the law of diminishing returns.

Define working capital.
Law of diminishing returns: after a certain point, adding more input
will not result in a proportional increase in productivity
Working capital: organization's current assets minus its current
liabilities (e.g. the amount of money the company has available to
invest, including investing in project)

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What are the two types of depreciation?

Straight-line depreciation: depreciate the same
amount each period
Accelerated depreciation: depreciates faster
than straight-line depreciation

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What is a business case?

The justification for a project or initiative

Explain why the project was selected, how it fits into
the organization's strategic goals, and how it will
bring business value to the organization

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What is the purpose of a benefits management plan?

To capture the organization's desired benefits from a

project, whether economic or intangible, and how those
benefits will be maximized and sustained

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What are constraints?

What are assumptions?

Constraints: factors that limit the team's options, such as

limits on resources, budget, schedule, and scope
Assumptions: things that are assumed to be true but that
may not be true

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What is included in a project charter?

Project title and description

Project manager assigned and authority level

Business case

Preassigned resources

Key stakeholder list

Stakeholder requirements as known

High-level product description and key deliverables

High-level assumptions

High-level constraints

Links the project to the ongoing work of the organization

Project approval requirements

Overall project risks

Project exit criteria

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What is included in an assumption log?

An assumption log contains a list of all
assumptions and constraints that relate to
the project

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What is included in a project management plan?

Project life cycle

Project management process that will be used on the project

Development approach

Management reviews

Knowledge area management plans

Scope, schedule, and cost baselines

Requirements management plan

Change management plan

Change control system

Configuration management plan

Configuration management system

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What are baselines?

What three elements make up the performance
measurement baseline?
-The parts of the project management plan that are used to
compare the projects actual performance against planned
performance

-Schedule baseline
Scope baseline
Cost baseline

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What is a change management plan?

The change management plan describes how
changes will be managed and controlled

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What is a configuration management system?

What is the purpose of a change control system?
- Configuration management system:
Contains the organization̕ s standardized configuration
management tools,
Processes and procedures that can be used to track and control the
evolution of the project documentation
- Change control system: to track and control changes and includes
standardized forms, reports, processes, procedures, and software
Both of these are part of the project management information
system (PMIS)

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What is a configuration management plan?

A plan to make sure everyone knows what version of the
scope, schedule, and other components of the project
management plan are the latest versions
It defines the naming conventions, the version control
system, document storage and retrieval system, and how
you will manage the changes to the documentation

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What are project documents?
Any project-related documents that aren't part of the project
management plan, including:
Assumption log
Issue log
Cost and duration estimates
Lessons learned register
Project schedule and resource calendars
Quality reports
Resource requirements and requirements documentation
Any other such documentation

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What is a kick off meeting?

When does it occur?
- A meeting of the key parties involved in the project (customers,
sellers, the project team, senior management, functional management,
and the sponsor)to make sure everyone is‟ on the same page ˮ
- Before the develop project management plan process is completed

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What is a work authorization system?

The project manager̕ s system for authorizing
the start of work packages or activities
It ensures work is only started when a formal
authorization is given

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What is required for successful knowledge management?

What are the types of knowledge?
An organizational culture of trust in which the project manager
and stakeholders exchange knowledge without fear of judgment
Types of knowledge:
Explicit knowledge: fact-based, and can be easily communicated
through words and symbols
Tacit knowledge: includes emotions, experience, and ability, which
are more difficult to communicate clearly

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What do lessons learned describe?

What went right, what went wrong, and
what would be done differently if the
project could redone.

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What are change requests?

What are the three main categories of change requests?
Formal requests to change parts of the project after the
project management plan is approved
Corrective action, preventive action, defect repair

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What are corrective actions?

What are preventive actions?
Corrective: action taken to bring expected future project
performance in line with the project management plan
Preventive: actions taken to deal with anticipated or possible
deviations from the performance measurement baseline and
other metrics

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What is defect repair?

Rework required when a component of the
project does not meet specifications

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What is a change control board?

Who might be on a change control board?
- The group responsible for reviewing and analyzing change
requests in accordance with the change management plan for the
project
May include the project manager, customer, experts, sponsor,
functional managers, and others
-For the exam, assume that most projects have change control
boards, with the exception of change –driven projects

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What steps are involved in the process for making changes to a
project?
 Evaluate the impact: Evaluate
(Assess) the impact of the change on all aspects of the project
 Identify options: this can include
Cutting other activities, compressing the schedule by crashing
or fast tracking, or looking at other options
 Get the change request approved internally
 Get customer buy-in (if required)

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 The End
Thank You

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