1 Module 1 | NATURE AND CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

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2 Module 1 | NATURE AND CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

The students were able to acquire knowledge at the end.

a) apply knowledge essential to the conduct of criminological research on crimes, crime causation,
victims, and offenders to include deviant behavior;
b) apply knowledge, skills essential to the practice of crime detection and investigation and fields of
criminalistics;
c) apply knowledge, skills in criminal law, evidence and procedure;
d) apply knowledge, skills in law enforcement administration, public safety and criminal justice; and
e) apply knowledge, skills in handling offender’s welfare and development for their re-integration to the
community.

Common to all programs in all types of schools:

a) engage in lifelong learning and understand the need to keep abreast with the developments in the
field of practice;
b) communicate effectively;
c) work effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and cultural teams;
d) practice professional, social and ethical attitudes, values and responsibilities; and
e) appreciate and value “Filipino historical and cultural heritage “and uphold constitutional and
statutory guarantees.

Specific program Outcome:

a) apply knowledge essential to the conduct of criminological research on crimes, crime causation,
victims, and offenders to include deviant behavior;
b) apply knowledge, skills essential to the practice of crime detection and investigation and fields
of criminalistics;
c) apply knowledge, skills in criminal law, evidence and procedure;
d) apply knowledge, skills in law enforcement administration; and
e) apply knowledge, skills in handling offender’s welfare and development for their re-integration
to the community.

COURSE TITLE

SPECIALIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION 2 with Simulation on Interrogation and Interview

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This covers the concept of human rights and victims’ welfare, the nature of transnational and organized
crimes, their attributes and categories. It also includes international and local organized crime groups. Likewise,
it focuses on Interrogation and Interview as well as the rights of the accused during custodial investigation.
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COURSE OUTCOMES (CMO)

In this course, you will be able to:

1. conduct Criminological research on crimes
2. internalize the concepts of Human rights including the rights of a person under custodial investigation;
3. demonstrate competence and broad understanding of criminal detection as criminal justice essentials;
4. utilize scientific instrumentation in the investigation and detection of crimes;
5. apply the principles of jurisprudence of evidence as an expert witness in court;
6. collaborate effectively and independently with all criminal investigation members, victims, witnesses
and suspects;
7. engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep abreast on the developments in the
field of criminal detection and criminal justice;
8. apply professional, social, and ethical standards in the practice of criminal detection; and
9. effectively communicate orally and in writing using both English and Filipino with the victims, witnesses
and suspects.

Course Requirements CCDD

CDI 2 Special Crime Investigation with Legal Medicine

INTRODUCTION

This module talks about the basic of fundamentals of criminal investigation for you to be prepared in
the succeeding modules in special crime investigation.
MODULE CONTENT:
1. Lesson 1 (Nature and concept of criminal Investigation) - crimes are studied to ascertain the
methods, motives, and identities the criminals and victims by employing modern techniques.
2. Lesson 2 (Crime scene examination) – crime scene investigation is established what happened
(crime scene reconstruction) and to identify the responsible person. This is done by carefully
documenting the conditions at a crime scene and recognizing all relevant physical evidence.
3. Lesson 3 (Rights of person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation) - In Criminal
Law, there is a principle that “Presumption of innocence unless proven guilty”. So, an arrest of a
person doesn’t make him guilty. He has a right to be treated with ‘humanity, dignity and respect.
4. Lesson 4 (collection, handling, preservation of physical evidence) - Investigators and laboratory
personnel work together to determine the most probative pieces of evidence and to establish priorities.

MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES

In this module, you will be able to:

1. outline the concept and nature of criminal investigation; and
2. value the essence of forensic medicine in solving cases.
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Lesson 1: NATURE AND CONCEPT OF

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
Lesson Learning Outcomes

After going through this module, students are expected to achieve:

1. know the nature and concept of criminal investigation;
2. understand the processes in criminal investigation; and
3. value pieces of evidence in an investigation.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following question.

1. In Criminal Investigation the collection of facts was in order to accomplish the three-fold aims?
a. to identify, to locate and to arrest
b. to identify, to locate and provide evidence
c. to locate, to arrest and provide evidence
d. to provide evidence, to locate and to arrest
2. The anatomy of the crime structure are the following?
a. motive, instrumentality, envy
b. motive, instrumentality and opportunity
c. motive, instrumentality and intent
d. motive, opportunity and intent
3. Scientific examination of evidence in detecting crime?
a. Instrumentation
b. Interview
c. Information
d. Investigation
4. Skillful questioning of witness?
a. Interview
b. Interrogation
c. Information
d. Instrumentation
5. The data gathered by an investigator from other person including the victim himself?
a. Information
b. Interview
c. Instrumentation
d. Interrogation
6. The questioning of a person in a formal and systematic way and is most often used to question criminal
suspects to determine their probable guilt or innocence.
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a. Inquiry
b. Interrogation
c. Interview
d. Polygraph examination
7. A police activity directed toward the identification and apprehension of alleged criminals and accumulation,
preservation and presentation of evidence regarding their alleged crimes.
a. Police patrol
b. Criminal Investigation
c. Police Intelligence
d. Police Operation
8. A collection of facts to accomplish the three-fold aim.
a. Criminal investigation
b. Jurisdictional investigation
c. Territorial Investigation
d. Special investigation
9. An action of indicating a meticulous inquiry to a formal complaint filed by the private aggrieved Party?
a. Police Investigation
b. Police intelligence
c. Police surveillance
d. Police operation
10. The process of bringing together in a logical manner all evidence collected during the investigation and
present it to the prosecutor.
a. Order maintenance
b. Case Preparation
c. Crime Prevention
d. Inquest

LESSON MAP

investigator

Legalities and
Primordial Technicalities of
responsibilities of the the custodial
investigator investigation

Criminal Investigators are responsible for solving crimes,

preventing future criminal activities, and identifying and
detaining suspects aided with skills in interpreting
applicable laws.
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CORE CONTENTS

ENGAGE FOLLOWING THE TRAIL IN AN INVESTIGATION

INSTRUCTION: Trace and re-write the process of investigation based on the following graphic organizer.

In order to understand crime investigation, each box should arrange in proper order by putting the correct
sequence using a number.

presentation documentation identification

preservation analysis

1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________

EXPLORE

Importance of Investigation
The responsibility of law enforcement agencies is to detect crimes, apprehend the perpetrators, and
to provide evidence that will convince Judge that the perpetrators are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. To
accomplish these aims a variety of methods are used, including reconstructing the crime, collecting physical
clues, and interrogating suspect and interview the witness.

What is criminal investigation?

Criminal investigations are conducted in accordance with the dictates of the law. The conduct of an
investigation is governed by information obtained from people, records and physical evidence. Victims or
witness still provide the bulk of facts as to when, where, how, why, and by whom the crime was committed.

Jurisdictional Investigation by the Territorial Unit Concerned

The Police Station, which has territorial jurisdiction of the area where the crime incident was
committed, shall immediately undertake the necessary investigation and processing of the crime scene,
unless otherwise directed by higher authorities for a certain case to be investigated by other units/agency.

Anatomy of crime
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1. The Motive refers to the reason or cause why a person or group of persons will perpetrate a crime.
2. The Instrumentality is the means or implement used in the commission of the crime.
3. The Opportunity consists of the acts of omission and/or commission by a person (the victim) which
enables another person or group of persons (the criminal/s) to perpetrate the crime.

Four (4) reasons why crime should be investigated

1. Future deterrence of offenders
2. Deterrence to others
3. Community safety
4. Protection of the innocent

Two (2) Types of Criminal Investigation

1. Investigation while the suspect is under arrest and detention; and
2. Investigation while the suspect is “at large” (Meaning- not under arrest and detention, as distinguished
from: - “fugitive from justice”)

Police Operation distinguished from Police Investigation

Police Operation is a lawful clandestine intelligence and detective networking to gather information
and evidences to determine with certainty the commission of a crime, the identity of the perpetrators thereof,
and as may be necessary, to arrest the culprits under those instances as authorized by law.

The action of initiating a meticulous inquiry to a formal complaint filed by the private aggrieved party
or public complainant after the fact of the incident, but no arrest can be legally affected against the suspect
as the circumstances attendant thereto are not those specifically allowed by law, is what is called POLICE
INVESTIGATION.

PHASES OF INVESTIGATIONS

Phase I - identify the suspect/s through

Confession
Eyewitness testimony
Circumstantial evidence
Associate evidence
Phase II - locate and apprehend suspect/s
Surveillance
Undercover Assignments
Informants
Phase III - gather and provide evidence to establish the guilt of the accused
The fact of the existence of the crime must be established
The accused must be identified and associated with the crime scene
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Competent and credible witnesses must be available

Physical evidence must be appropriately identified

TOOLS OF AN INVESTIGATOR

1. Information – Data gathered by an investigator from other persons including the victim himself and from:
Public records
Private records
Modus Operandi file
2. Interview / Interrogation – Skillful questioning of witnesses and suspects.
3. Instrumentation – Scientific examination of real evidence, application of instrument and methods of
the physical sciences in detecting crime.
The objectives of criminal investigation
a. to identify the people involved.
b. to locate the people involved and
c. to provide evidence in aid of prosecution

EXPLAIN

Think skills activity relative to criminal investigation.

1. What do you think the motive of the perpetrator?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why jurisdictional investigation is strictly observed in criminal investigation?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
3. Why criminal investigation is deterrence to the would-be criminals?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.

TOPIC SUMMARY

In this lesson, you have learned that …

✓ That the trail of investigation where evidence was identified first, documented, preserved,
analyzed and presented in legal proceedings.
✓ That, in Criminal Investigation the collection of facts was in order to identify and locate the
perpetrator/victim and to provide evidence of his guilt.
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REFERENCES

Philippine National Police handbook, Police Operational Procedure 2013

Rules on Criminal Procedure

Revised Penal Code book one and two

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