1. Why is power factor correction important in the electrical system.

Provide the benefits it can give to the

end user and the generation sector.
Answer:
Power factor is a measure of how effectively you are using electricity. Various types of power are at
work to provide us with electrical energy. Improving the power factor results in less current being drawn,
therefore less electricity costs, less heat and greater longevity of the electrical system. the installation,
thus reduces the maximum demand tariff and thereby reducing your power costs.
The benefits to consumers and generation sectors are:

 Reduced Demand Charges.

 Increased Load Carrying Capabilities In Existing Circuits.
 Improved Voltage.
 Reduced Power System Losses.
 Reduced Carbon Footprint.
2. What are the methods of power measurements in three phase circuits? Discuss the relationship between
wattmeter readings.
Answer:
The three phase power measurement can be carried out using the following methods:

 One wattmeter method

 Two wattmeter method
 Three wattmeter method
- One Wattmeter Method
In a balanced 3-wire, 3-phase load circuit the power in each phase is equal and, therefore, the total power
of the circuit can be determined by multiplying the power measured in any one phase. Hence, the power
measurement in three-phase, three-wire circuits can be carried out by using the one wattmeter only.
But this method has a disadvantage. Even a slight degree of unbalance in the loading produces a
significant error in the measurement.
- Two Wattmeter Method
The power measurement in three-phase, three-wire load circuits usually carried out using this method.
The current coils of two wattmeters are inserted in any two lines, and the potential coil is connected from
its own current coil to the line without the current coil.
It can be proved that the sum of the power measured by two wattmeter W1 and W2 is equal to the total
instantaneous power absorbed by the load. But in actual practice, wattmeters read the average power
because of the inertia of their moving system.
-Three wattmeter method
To determine total power factor on a three-phase 4-wire system, three wattmeters are required. Each
meter measures watts, and measurements are also made of the volts and amps. The power factor is the
calculated by dividing the total watts from each meter by the total volt-amps.