HANDOUT # 1

Care of the Mother, child and adolescent (Well Client)

PRELIMS week 1

REVIEW OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

MALE:
1. EXTERNAL:
A. PENIS: a vascular structure of erectile tissue which serves as a passageway for semen and excretion of
urine.
 upon stimulation, the arteries supplying the penis dilate and large quantities of blood enter
the blood sinuses, resulting in an erection.
 There is a smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder that constricts so
expulsion of urine during ejaculation is not possible.
 The distal end of the penis consists of the glans penis, the corona, the external urethral orifice
and the prepuce.
B. SCROTUM: also known as the supporting structure of the testes. This consists of loose skin and superficial
fascia which hangs from the root.
 the location of the scrotum and the contraction of its muscle fibers regulate the temperature
of the testes.

2. INTERNAL:
A. TESTES: this is a white fibroid gland that measure approximately 5 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter. Each
weighs approximately 10-15 grams.
 stimulation of the APG leads to the production of: * TSH
 There are approximately 900 seminiferous tubules in the testes, which is the site where sperm
cells are produced.
 INTERSTITIAL ENDOCRINOCYTES:
B. EPIDIDYMIS: the site for sperm storage and maturation. ( approximately 20ft in length )
 sperm cells mature at a rate of 300M per day.
C. VAS DEFERENS: a hollow tube that carries the sperm from the epididymis to the inguinal canal through
the seminal vesicle and out the ejaculatory duct.
D. EJACULATORY DUCT: portal of exit of sperm cells towards the opening of the penis.
E. URETHRAL MEATUS: portal of exit of sperm and semen.
F. SEMINAL VESSICLE: pouches that lie along the lower portion of the bladder. This structure produces and
contains semen
G. PROSTATE GLAND: produces alkaline substances which protects the sperm cells and aids in their viability.
H. BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS: produces alkaline substances to counteract the acidic secretions of the urethra
to ensure safe passage of the sperm cells.
FEMALE:
1. EXTERNAL:
A. MONS PUBIS: a pad of adipose tissue covered with terminal hair that functions to cushion the area
from trauma.
B. LABIA MAJORA: composed of 2 folds of adipose tissue extending from the mons veneris to the
perineum.
C. LABIA MINORA: a soft, thin, longitudinal fold located between the labia majora. Comprises of
connective tissues
D. CLITORIS: an erectile tissue composed of many nerve endings that is the reason for the areas extra
sensitivity. > sometimes referred to as the site of sexual arousal in females
E. FORSCHE: tapers posteriorly to the labia minora. This site is often torn during delivery. This is also the
site where most episiotomys are done.
F. VESTIBULE: almond shaped area containing the urethral meatus, skeenes gland, vaginal orifice, and
the hymen.
G. URETHRA: exit point of urine. Located below the clitoris, and above the vaginal orifice.
 urethral meatus: small opening of the urethra.
H. SKEENES GLAND: 2 small mucous secreting glands, whose primary function is to produce lubrication
during intercourse.
I. BARTHOLIN’S GLANDS: secrete alkaline substances to neutralize the acidity of the vagina, thus helping
the sperm cells stay alive.

Ms. April Anne D. Balanon-Bocato GreywolfRed

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 HANDOUT # 1

Care of the Mother, child and adolescent (Well Client)

PRELIMS week 1

J. HYMEN: a membranous tissue that covers the vaginal orifice.

2. INTERNAL:
A. VAGINA: female organ for copulation. It is a 3-4 inch long dilatable canal containing RUGAE.. the
vagina serves as a passageway for menstruation and the products of conception.
B. CERVIX: located at the base of the uterus and just above the vaginal canal.
C. UTERUS: known as the organ for menstruation. This is the site for implantation for he fertilized egg. It
usually takes the uterus 5-6 weeks to return to its non pregnant state.

PARTS OF THE UTERUS:

1. FUNDUS
2. CORPUS
3. ISTHMUS
4. CERVIX:

MUSCLE LAYERS OF THE UTERUS:

1. ENDOMETRIUM: innermost layer of the uterus
* DECIDUA
2. MYOMETRIUM: the largest portion of the uterus.
This is termed sometimes as the power of labor. This
structure is also responsible for preventing
hemorrhage after delivery.
3. PERIMETRIUM: the outermost layer that protects
the entire uterus.

a. FALLOPIAN TUBES: approximately 2cm thick

and 10-13 cm in length. Serves as a
passageway of sperm cells or the fertilized
ovum.

DIVISIONS OF THE FALOPIAN TUBE

1. infandibulum: the distal part of the fallopian
tube
2. ampullae: the distal third of the fallopian
tube
3. ischmus: the site for sterilization
4. interstitial: the most common site of ectopic
pregnancy occurrences.

b. OVARIES: necessary for the production of

estrogen and progesterone.
 Ovulation

Ms. April Anne D. Balanon-Bocato GreywolfRed

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 HANDOUT # 1

Care of the Mother, child and adolescent (Well Client)

PRELIMS week 1

D.PELVIS:

1. false pelvis: the upper portion above the brim,

which supports the uterus during the 3rd
trimester

2. true pelvis: located below the brim consisting

of the pelvic inlet, the mid cavity, and the pelvic
outlet.

2 MAJOR FEMALE HORMONES:

1. ESTROGEN:
 Responsible for the development of the secondary sex characteristics of women.
 Inhibits the production of FSH for the maturation of the ovum
 Responsible for the hypertrophy of the myometrium and the development of the ductile
structure of the breasts.
 Controls sexual urges in women
3. PROGESTERONE:
 Prepares the endometrium for the implantation of he ovum
 Decreases uterine contractility to help keep the products of conception inside the uterus
 Responsible for a decrease in them motility of the GI tract

 Known to cause the shifting of moods in women

 Increases the BBT of women
 Responsible for the development of the mammary glands

Hormones of the reproductive system

Ms. April Anne D. Balanon-Bocato GreywolfRed

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