ARBT01

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

HOMEWORK NO. 9
(COMPOSITE MATERIALS, DOORS AND WINDOWS, & FURNISHINGS)

In partial fulfilment for the requirement in the degree of Bachelor of Science

In Architecture

Submitted to:

Ar. REYMAR G. BURLUNGAN

Submitted by:

PADILLA, GIO, A.
BSA – 1B
 COMPOSITE MATERIALS
These are building materials classified as being comprised by two or more different materials
COMPOSITE
with different physical and chemical properties with better overall properties than the starting
MATERIALS
constituents.

ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Greater durability for use in Structures can be repaired

Lightweight composition Faster construction time
extreme environments in site

Flexible in terms of color, High ratios of strength and

Low maintenance Can be made fire resistant
shape, and texture stiffness to weight.

USES OF COMPOSITES
Facades, claddings, domes, roofing and structures like cupolas,
can be made effectively using composites. These materials can be
Architectural
lighter, more efficient, more durable and require less maintenance
than the traditional ones.

Composite materials are useful in constructing bridge structures,

Bridges decks and enclosures because of their high resistance to corrosion
and other detrimental properties present in a bridge.

Modular structures, masts, towers, pipes, tanks, access covers, and

Engineering and
water control structures are examples of systems where composite
infrastructure
materials are ideal.

Popularity of prefabricated construction open the opportunity in

Housing using composites for components commonly used in house building
such as sanitaryware, mouldings, fixtures and fittings.

It refers to maintaining the existing structural or other building

Refurbishment
systems by strengthening through the use of composite materials.
 TYPES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

COMPOSITES

TRADITIONAL POLYMER MATRIX

Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Wood Concrete Polymer

Reinforcement Particulate
material material

Plywood Fiber reinforced

concrete
4. Glass fibers
5. Natural fibers
6. Carbon fibers
1. Sand, talc, and other
fillers
2. Color chips
3. Recycled glass

Engineered wood

More structural More aesthetic

Composite lumber

Simple flooring that features multiple different materials that have been blended together to
COMPOSITE
result in a final product. These options are typically more economical and often easier to
FLOORING
install than others, and they are also often durable, attractive, and eco-friendly.
 COMPOSITE FLOORING MATERIALS

Oak, maple, and other common domestic woods can be derived to

Composite wood form composite wood flooring veneers which are good for the
veneers environment. It is relatively inexpensive and softer than some exotic
woods.

Also called mass timber, it is a man-made composite wood which

Engineered wood can be manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles,
fibers, or veneers or boards of wood with adhesives.

All baboo flooring is composite wood because it cannot be sliced

Bamboo flooring into wide planks and need to be sustainably raised and harvested.
It is eco-friendly.

Recycled cork and rubber are mixed to produce a durable flooring

Interlocking rubber
material. Ideal for gym to a basement, retail, recreational, or
tile
commercial setting.

Sound control A floor underlayment made from rubber and cork which provides
underlayment extreme sound control.

Crafted from PE/EVA foam and rubber materials, this composite

flooring is ideal for pool areas, locker room, around a hot tub or
Floor slate tiles
sauna, or, any other area that tends to be wet and slippery for it is
of high performance and a safe composite flooring.

It is a high-quality vinyl plank which offers beauty, extremely high

Wood plastic levels of durability, practicality, and affordability. Consists of a
composite flooring mixture of wood pulp and plastic composites which produce a very
stable and reliable floor board.
 Refers to a wall of a several heterogeneous layers, e.g., walls of dwelling houses where
COMPOSITE WALLING
bricks are given a layer of plaster on either side.

COMPOSITE FLOORING MATERIALS

Two wythes of masonry units are constructed bonding with each

Composite masonry other. While one wythe can be brick or stone masonry while the
wall other can be hollow bricks. A wythe is a continuous vertical section
of masonry one unit in thickness.

Insulated Metal Panels (IMPs) are lightweight composite exterior

Metal wall panels wall and roof panels with metal skins and an insulating foam core.
IMPs have superior insulating properties.

Any wall panels made from three layers They are cheap,
lightweight, easy to erect, hygienic and able to provide an excellent
Sandwich panels
thermal barrier. These are not structural materials but curtain
materials.

Commonly made of aluminum composite material (ACM), are flat

Aluminum composite panels consisting of two thin coil-coated aluminum sheets bonded
panels to a non-aluminum core. ACPs are frequently used for external
cladding or facades of buildings.

These are thin, flexible plastic panels made of strong polyester

Fiberglass reinforced resin reinforced with fiberglass. They are used on walls and ceilings
panels and can be installed directly over drywall, wood, concrete block,
and many other solid surfaces.

A wall is constructed in brick work and stones are provided on

Stone composite
facing to make the all appear being constructed from stone. It is
with brick backing
done to improve the appearance of the structure as lesser cost.
 Refers to a ceiling of a several heterogeneous layers of different materials to improve its
COMPOSITE CEILING
functions.

COMPOSITE FLOORING MATERIALS

Comes in the form of tiles, theses mineral composites provide good

Mineral fiber ceiling
sound absorption and perfect acoustic flows.

Composite wood Ceiling materials made from a mixture of wood fiber, plastic, and
ceiling some type of binding agent.

Composite or synthetic roofing shingles are made of a mixture of several commonly used
COMPOSITE ROOFING
roofing materials such as fiberglass, recycled paper products and asphalt.

COMPOSITE FLOORING MATERIALS

Commonly made from polypropylene and calcium carbonate, these

Composite shingles
materials offer a longer life span than traditional shingles.

Made from a mixture of several commonly used materials including

Synthetic composite asphalt, fiberglass, clay and recycled paper products. It’s for-
roofing resistant and moisture proof, but some can even be resistant to
algae and mold growth.
 FABRICATION METHODS
WET LAY-UP FILAMENT WINDING COMPRESSION MOLDING

In an open, heated mold,

In a mold, a reinforcement is laid up Filaments or fibers are winded in a reinforcement fibers already
and the matrix resin is poured on specified direction to produce hollow impregnated with resin are placed,
before being left to cure. tubes of composites. where another mold is laced in top
with heat and pressure for shaping.

RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING VACUUM BAGGING PULTRUSION

Commonly applied in producing long-

A woven fabric reinforcement is placed continuous components such as cable
A woven fabric reinforcement is
into a mold which can be pre-coated trays where multiple strands of
placed into a mold into which resin is
with a release agent and/or gel coat. It reinforcement fibers are pulled into a
injected at pressure, it is then left to
is then rolled on top and a plastic film heater and coated in resin, and then
cure.
placed over it. pulled through a molding die and cut
to the desired length.

BRANDS
POLYKLEAR ARCHITECKS GRM BIOWOOD TOYO
 DOORS AND WINDOWS

A movable barrier secured in an opening, known as the doorway, through a building wall or
DOOR
partition for the purpose of providing access to the inside of a building or rooms of a building.

TYPES OF DOORS

A door with a smooth, flat surface having faces that hide its rails
Flush door and other elements. It’s usually hollow inside and has a solid
core outside.

Commonly seen with one or more frames representing its stiles,

Panel door
rails, and muntin/mullions.

The chemical composition of PVC can be altered to make it very

PVC doors flexible, as in an inflatable swimming pool, or very stiff and
strong, as in a PVC door.

A door with a fire-resistance rating (sometimes referred to as a

fire protection rating for closures) used as part of a passive fire
Fire doors
protection system to reduce the spread of fire and smoke
between separate compartments of a structure
 KINDS OF DOORS
SWINGING DOOR

a door that swings open on being pushed or pulled from either

side and then swings closed by or not by itself.

OVERHEAD SWING-UP GARAGE DOOR

Usually installed in garage doors, it is a rigid overhead door

which opens as a single unit.

OVERHEAD ROLL-UP GARAGE DOOR

A more flexible door which opens up overhead to a horizontal

position made up of several units of leaves.

ACCORDION DOOR

Consists of a system of panels which can be moved singularly,

opened by adjusting it being in a parallel set up and closed by
interlocking its edges to form an enclosed barrier.
BI-FOLDING DOOR

Composed of one of two or more doors hinged together so that

they can open or fold in a confined space.

REVOLVING DOOR

A door having four leaves which intersects at 90° and pivot at a

common vertical axis, can be accessed by entering its circular
vestibule, pushing the doors to move at a glacial space.

SLIDING DOOR

A space saving kind of door in which the door itself slides on

track parallel to the wall in a horizontal direction.

BYPASSING SLIDING DOOR

Sliding doors which overlaps another (may it be a fixed door or

also a sliding window).
HOLLOW METAL Have face sheet of 16-to-22-gauge steel bonded to a steel channel frame and reinforced with
DOORS channels, a kraft honeycomb structure, or a rigid plastic-foam core.

HOLLOW METAL DOOR DESIGNS

Flush Glass Vision Narrow light Full-louvered Vision/louvered

DOORFRAME ANCHORS

Spacing bracket
Wood stud Loose T masonry UL-approved Steel channel Adjustable floor
anchor or existing
anchor anchor masonry anchor stud anchor clip
walls
DOOR FINISHES

Primed or galvanized for

Baked enamel paint Vinyl clads Polished or textured
painting
 A door with a fire-resistance rating (sometimes referred to as a fire protection rating for
FIRE DOORS closures) used as part of a passive fire protection system to reduce the spread of fire and
smoke between separate compartments of a structure.

FIRE DOOR REQUIREMENTS

• Fire door assemblies, consisting of a fire-resistive door, door frame and hardware, are required to protect
opening in fire-rated walls.
• Maximum door size: 4’ x 10’ (1220 x 3050)
• Doorframe and hardware must have a fire-resistance rating similar to that of the door.
• Doors must be self-latching and be equipped with closers
• Louvers with fusible links are permitted for B and C label doors: max area = 576 sqm. (0.37m 2)
• No glass and louver combinations are permitted.
FIRE DOOR RATING
UL LABEL RATING GLAZING PERMITTED: 1/4” (6) WIRED GLASS
A 3 hour No glass permitted
B 1 ½ hour 100 sq. in. (0.06 m2) per leaf
C ¾ Hour 1296 sq. in. (0.84 m2) per leaf: 54” (1370) max. dimension
D 1 ½ hour
E ¾ Hour 720 sq. in. (0.46 m2) per light: 54” (1370) max. dimension

Openings should be less than 40% of door area and no closer than 5” (125) to any edge. The
WOOD FLUSH DOORS
height of openings in hollow core doors should be less than half the door height.

WOOD FLUSH DOOR DESIGNS

Flush door Flush door with glass inserts Flush door with louvered insert
 Consist of a framework of vertical stiles and horizontal rails that hold solid wood or plywood
WOODRAIL AND
panels, glass lights, or louvers in place. The stiles and rails may be solid softwood or
STILE DOORS
veneered hardwood.

WOOD FLUSH DOOR DESIGNS

French door
Panel with
Panel Louvered French door with divided
sash
lights

SLIDING GLASS Are available with wood, aluminum, or steel frames. Sliding glass doors are manufactured as
DOORS standard units complete with operating hardware and weather stripping.

SLIDING GLASS DOOR STANDARD DIMENSIONS

• Dimensions are nominal stock sizes; consult manufacturer for stock sizes, required rough or masonry openings,
glazing options, and installation details.
• As a guide, add 1” (25) to nominal width for rough framed openings and 3” (75) for masonry openings.
FOLDING AND These doors have multiple panes which, when folded back, fully open up the room. On the
POCKET SLIDING other hand, pocket sliding doors are doors in which the door is concealed within the wall when
DOORS opened.

FOLDING AND POCKET DOOR STANDARD DIMENSIONS

Folding doors Pocket sliding doors

Are constructed of one or several leaves of wood, steel, aluminum, or fiberglass and open by
OVERHEAD DOORS swinging or rolling up to a position above the door opening. The door may be operated
manually, or by a chain hoist of electric motor.
OVERHEAD DOOR STYLES

Wood or aluminum panel Steel or fiberglass ribbed Steel or aluminum slatted

Wood or steel flush doors
doors doors sections

Consist of horizontal interlocking metal slats guided by a track on either sie and open by ciling
COILING DOORS about an overhead drum at the head of the door opening. The door may be operated by a
chain hoist or electric motor.

Are constructed of heat-strengthened or tempered glass, with or without rails or stiles, and
GLASS DOORS
used primarily as entrance doors.

GLASS DOOR DESIGNS

Continuous top
Continuous Corner pivots w/
and bottom rails Narrow stile Medium stile Wide stile
bottom w/ rail lock bottom lock
w/ locks
 Pivoted doors are carried on and swing about on a center or offset pivot, as distinguished
PIVOTED DOORS
from one hung on hinges.

Balanced doors are pivoted doors that are partially counterbalanced for
easier opening and closing.

Automatic doors open automatically at the approach of a person or

automobile when actuated by a radio transmitter, electric eye, or other
device.

Are coordinated systems of extruded metal frames, glass panels, glass entrance doors, and
STOREFRONTS
hardware fittings.

The size and spacing of the mullions are determined by the glass strength
and thickness and the wind load on the all plane.

The deflection normal to the wall plane should be limited to 1/200 of each
component’s clear pan; the deflection of glass supports should be limited to
1/300 of the support distance.

Consist of three or four leaves that rotate about a central, vertical pivot within a cylindrically
shaped vestibule. Used typically as entrance doors in large commercial and institutional
REVOLVNG DOORS
buildings, revolving doors provide a continuous weather seal, eliminate drafts, and hold
heating and cooling losses to a minimum.
REVOLVING DOOR LAYOUTS

Enclosure set within a wall Enclosure projecting from

Enclosure flanked by hinged doors
plane sidelights

Sidelight centered on Enclosure set back within a

Bank of enclosure with sidelights between
enclosure wall recess

It is an opening in the wall of a building for admitting light and air usually fitted with a
WINDOW
frame in which are set operable sashes containing panes of glass.

PARTS OF A WINDOW

Exterior view Interior view

 WINDOW OPERATIONS
• Fixed windows consist of a frame and
stationary sash.
• When used in conjunction with operable
Fixed 0% ventilating window units, the thickness of the fixed
sash should approximate the cross-
sectional dimension of the operating
sashes.

• Have operating sashes that are side-hinged

and usually swing outward.
• When open, the sash is able to direct
Casement 100% ventilating ventilation.
• The inner end of the sash may slide along a
track on the sill or jamb as the sash swing
outward.

• Awning windows have operating sashes

that swing outward on hinges attached to
the top of their frames.
• Hopper windows have operating sashes
that swing inward on hinges attached to the
Awning &
100% ventilating bottom of their frames.
Hopper
• When open, the sash is able to direct
ventilation.
• The sashes may be stacked vertically with
sashes closing on each other or on meeting
stiles.

• Has two or more sashes, of which at least

Sliding 50% ventilating one sides along horizontal grooves or
tracks.

• Have two vertically sliding sashes, each in

separate grooves or tracks, closing different
parts of the window.
• The sashes are held in the desired position
Double-hung 50% ventilating
by means of counterweights, pretensioned
springs, or friction.
• Single hung windows have two sashes, of
which one is moveable.
 • Have horizontal glass or wood louvers that
pivot simultaneously in a common frame.
Jalousie 100% ventilating • Jalousies are used primarily in mild climates
to control ventilation and to cut off visibility
from the outside.

• Have sashes that rotate 90° or 180° about

a vertical or horizontal axis art or near their
centers.
Pivoting 100% ventilating • Pivoting sashes are used in air-conditioned
multistory or high-rise buildings operated
only for cleaning, maintenance, or
emergency ventilation.

METAL WINDOWS May be fabricated and of aluminum, steel, or bronze.

TYPES OF METAL WINDOWS

Are relatively low in cost, lightweight, and corrosion resistant, but

because they are such efficient conductors of heat, synthetic rubber
Aluminum windows
or plastic thermal breaks are required to interrupt the flow of heat
from the warm to the cool side of the frame.

More rigid and thinner in profile than aluminum sections, offer

Steel windows narrower sightlines, and allow larger lights to be installed in a given
rough or masonry opening.

WOOD WINDOWS Windows manufactured using wood as the main material.

WOOD WINDOWS

Are thicker than aluminum or steel frames, but also more effective
as thermal insulator. The frames are usually of kiln-dried, clear,
Wood frames
straight-grain wood, factory-treated with water-repellant
preservative.
GLAZED Are exterior non-loadbearing walls consisting of vision glass or opaque spandrel panels supported
CURTAIN WALL by metal framing. They may be categorized according to their method of assembly.

GLAZED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS

It consists of a tubular metal mullions

and rails assembled piece by piece on
site to frame vision glass and spandrel
Stick system units. It offers relatively low shipping and
handling costs and can be adjusted
more readily than other systems to on-
site conditions.

Consist of preassembled, framed wall

units which may be pre-glazed or glazed
Unit systems after installation. Shipping bulk is greater
than with the stick system, but less field
labor and erection time is required.

One- or two-story high mullions are

installed before preassembled wall units
Unit-and-mullion are lowered into place behind mullions.
systems The panel units may be full-story high,
pre-glazed or unglazed, or may be
separate vision glass and spandrel units.
 Consist of vision-glass assemblies and
Column-cover-
spandrel units supported by spandrel
and-spandrel
beams between exterior columns clad
systems
with cover sections.

WAYS OF SETTING GLASS

Face Glazing Wet Glazing Dry Glazing

Glass is set in a rabbeted frame, being

sealed with a beveled bead of putty of
glazing compound while being hold in
place with glazier’s points.
The glass is set in a frame with a
A liquid sealant or a glazing tape is
compression gasket or a lock strip
used to adhere the glass on its frame.
gasket.

GLAZING SYSTEMS

Two parallel panes or sheets of glass are installed providing an air

Double glazing
space between in order to decrease the transfer of heat and sound.

A flush exterior is achieved by placing the frame completely behind

Flush glazing the glass panes or sheets with the use of structural silicone sealant
between.
 A glazing system where only the head and sill of the frame hold the
Butt-joint glazing
glass panes, commonly seen in floor to ceiling window/door span.

Special clamps are used to suspend the glass units, stabilized by

Glass mullion system glass stiffeners, commonly attached with silicone sealant and metal
patch plates.

These are glazed openings in a roof which allow natural light to enter an interior space from
SKYLIGHTS above. Although it is efficient and cost-effective source of lighting, careful planning should be
done in order to control brightness and glare, as well as heat gain.

FORMS OF SKYLIGHTS

Vault Ridge Hipped

Circular dome Square dome Pyramid

A glass enclosed porch or room adjoining another living space and oriented to admit large
SUNSPACES amounts of sunlight. These are often used in passive solar design in conjunction with a
thermal mass of masonry, rock, or concrete to store the solar heat gain.
SECTION OF A SUNSPACE

BRANDS
ACCENDO JARO MIGHTY DOOR POLY DOOR

DURALCO uPVC DOORMAX PREMIER WINDOW

CUSTOMWOOD CITYTECH DIALADOOR JHOME

TOP-WORKS ABACON VIGNET SAMSON

 furnishings
Furnishings are the one category of design elements that lies almost wholly within the realm
of interior design. While walls, floors, ceilings, windows, and doors are established in the
FURNISHINGS
architectural design of a building, the selection and arrangement of movable interior
elements—furniture, window treatments, and accessories—are major tasks of interior design

ERGONOMICS

Human factors, therefore, are a major

influence on the form, proportion, and
scale of furniture. Ergonomic is the
application of human factors to design.
To provide utility and comfort in the
execution of our tasks, furniture should
be designed first to respond or
correspond to our dimensions, the
clearances required by our patterns of
movement, and the nature of the activity
we are engaged in.

SEATING POSITIONS
 TWO MAJOR FURNITURE LAYOUTS
INDIVIDUAL OR UNIT PIECES BUILT-IN ARRANGEMENTS MODULAR UNITS

Most furniture consists of individual or

This arrangement helps retain more
unit pieces that allow for flexibility in The combination of the unified
open space. There is generally more
their arrangement. The pieces are appearance of built-in furniture with
continuity of form among the furniture
typically movable and may consist of the flexibility and movability of
elements with fewer gaps between
various specialized elements as well individual unit pieces.
them.
as a mix of forms and styles

It should be designed to support the weight and shape of the user comfortably. The
SEATING appropriate dimensions for a chair are determined not only by the dimensions of the human
body and the chair’s proposed use, but also by cultural factors and matters of scale and style.

UPHOLSTERY FABRICS

A type of plant fiber with low elasticity and resiliency. Combustible and wrinkles easily.
Cotton
Primarily residential use.

It is very strong, lustrous natural fiber. Stiff, brittle, nonelastic. Often blended with linen and
Linen
cotton for commercial and residential use.

Often blended with linen and cotton for commercial and residential use. It is very strong,
Ramie
lustrous natural fiber. Stiff, brittle, and non-elastic

It is the strongest natural fiber, resistant to solvents but degenerates in sunlight. Typically,
Silk
only residential use. It is produced by silk moths.
 Viscose rayon blends well with other fibers and takes dyes well. Commercial and residential
Rayon
use. Manufactured from wood pulp.

Acrylic Resembles silk or wool. It accepts dyes well but may pill. For outdoor use.

It simulates leather or suede. Durable, easy to clean. Not sustainable material. Residential
Vinyl
and commercial use

Polyester Wrinkle resistant, abrasion resistant, dimensional stability, crease resistant. Commercial use.

Elastomeric fibers (spandex) return to their original shapes after being stretched. Commercial
use.
Special fibers
Crypton® is a process for treating a variety of fabrics, such as cotton, linen, silk, wool, acrylic,
rayon and polyester, to make them highly durable, stain- and moisture resistant.

RESIDENTIAL SEATING
LIVING/GENERAL

Intended for relaxing, conversation, or reading. Fully upholstered;

Armchairs
constructed of wood, plastic, steel, or a combination of materials.

For relaxing in a semi reclining position, often adjustable. Should be

Lounge chairs easy to get into and out of, neither too low nor too soft; should
provide proper back support.

Designed for seating of more than two people. Generally

Sofa
upholstered; curved, straight, or angled; with or without arms.
Loveseat A small sofa with only two seating positions.

A sofa divided into separate parts that may be used in various

Sectional sofa
configurations.

Sleeper A sofa designed to be transformed into a bed.

An upholstered sofa in the shape of a chair that is long enough to

Chaise lounge
support the legs.

Generally, have neither backs nor arms. They may be an

Ottoman upholstered low couch or a smaller cushioned seat used as a table,
stool or footstool.

It is an armchair or sofa that reclines when the occupant lowers the

Recliner
chair's back and raises its front.

a type of chair with two curved bands (also known as rockers)

Rocking chair attached to the bottom of the legs which contact the floor at only
two points, giving the occupant the ability to rock back and forth.
DINING/KITCHEN

Usually lighter and smaller than armchairs; upright backs for dining
Side chairs
and studying.

Bar Stools a tall padded stool for users at a bar to sit on.

COMMERCIAL SEATING

Designed to be flexible and mobile. Swivel mechanism, rolling

Desk chair
casters, arms.

Often designed as status symbols, these allow the user to lean

Executive chair back from the desk. Swivel mechanism. Not appropriate for
extended computer use.

Used for large gatherings of people or as auxiliary seating.

Stacking and folding Lightweight and modular, often made of steel, aluminum, or plastic.
chairs Some are available with arms and with padded seats and backs;
some have coupling devices for use in rows.

Commonly designed for two to four persons; larger booths and U-

Booths shaped or circular configurations present access problems for
central seats. Usually upholstered.

Used in auditoriums, lecture halls. Provides acoustic absorption as

Fixed seating well as seating. Fire safety requirements for materials and
arrangements.
 Tables are essentially flat, horizontal surfaces, supported off the floor, and used for dining,
working, storage, and display. They should have the following attributes:
TABLES • Strength and stability to support items in use
• Correct size, shape, and height off floor for intended use
• Construction of durable materials

TYPES OF TABLE TOPS

Wood Glass, metal, or plastic Tile Marble or granite

TYPES OF TABLE SUPPORTS

Legs Trestle Solid pedestal Cabinet or casework

RESIDENTIAL TABLES
LIVING/GENERAL

A low table designed to be placed in a sitting area for convenient

support of beverages, remote controls, magazines, books
Coffee table
(especially large, illustrated coffee table books), decorative objects,
and other small items.

It serve as a convenient space for lighting, drink coasters, and other

End table
items within easy reach from the sofa.
DINING

Is a table, especially one seating several persons, where meals are

Dining table
served and eaten, especially the major or more formal meals.

BEDROOM

Also called nightstand, it is a small table or cabinet designed to

Bedside table
stand beside a bed or elsewhere.

NON-RESIDENTIAL TABLES
Selected for durability, style, number of seats, and fit in space.
Center post support; tabletops can be custom or stock. Rectangular
Restaurant tables “deuces” (tables for two) can be combined for larger parties, circular
tables are often used for large groups, and square tables can be
oriented on diagonal.

Large single tables with many seats, or smaller tables designed to

Conference tables be reconfigured for conference and seminar rooms. Selected for
capacity, flexibility, and appearance.

Large tables designed for prestige and style. May have built-in data
Boardroom tables
and communications equipment.
 Consist of individuals’ work area which is defined by a desk, chair, computer and related
WORKSTATIONS equipment, and storage as well. Work surfaces refers to the desks and other adjacent
horizontal surfaces.

SYSTEMS FURNITURE
TRADITIONAL DESK AND CREDENZA INDIVIDUAL WORKSTATIONS

GROUP WORKSTATIONS
 Beds consist of two basic components: the mattress or mattress set and the base or support frame.
There are various types of mattresses, each made in its own way to respond to and support the user’s
BEDS body shape and weight. Personal judgment and choice, therefore, are required in the selection of a
mattress.

TYPES OF BEDS

Headboards, footboards, and A bed can rest on a platform base, A bed built into a corner or alcove
canopies define the volume of space emphasizing the horizontality of the takes up less floor space, but it may
occupied by a bed. setting. be difficult to make.

Bunk beds utilize vertical space to

A bed can be integrated into a wall Sofas and armchairs that convert
stack sleeping levels. Storage and
storage system at the head or foot into beds offer convenient short-term
desk surfaces can also be integrated
of the bed, or both. sleeping arrangements.
into the system.
BED DIMENSIONS
 BEDROOM FURNITURE

It can help to keep the lines of the room

clean and avoid clutter. Individual pieces can balance the
Built-in storage
size and scale of the bed and add style, detail, and useful
surfaces.

These are freestanding closets with doors covering the front, often
Armoires
with drawers inside at the bottom.

Intended for bedcovers and clothing storage range from simple

Chests wood boxes opening at the top to more elaborate pieces with
drawers below.

Also called escritoires and highboys, have slanting fronts that drop
Secretaries down to create a writing surface with drawers below. They
sometimes have bookcases or display cases above.

Are designed for the user to sit facing a mirror while applying
Dressing tables makeup or jewelry. Dressers hold smaller items of clothing and
often include a mirror.

Night tables Also called nightstands designed for bedside use.

Providing adequate and properly designed storage is an important concern in the planning of interior
spaces, particularly where space is tight or where an uncluttered appearance is desired.
STORGAE AND
CASEWORK In commercial buildings, the varying demands of offices, schools, research facilities, libraries, retail
stores, and other facilities are met by a wide variety of manufactured casework and custom-built
pieces.
 BUILT-IN STORAGE AND CASEWORK

A cabinet built expressly for kitchens and bathrooms that rests on

Base cabinet the floor and supports holds other items such as countertops,
cooktops, and sinks.

Top cabinetry that is suspended above the counter space, as

Wall cabinet
opposed to the base cabinets that sit on the floor.

It consists of modular shelving, drawer, and cabinet units that can

Wall storage systems
be combined in various ways to form self-supporting assemblies.

Used in both residential and commercial projects. Residential countertops are typically found in
kitchens and bathrooms, but may also occur in laundry rooms, pantries, and home offices.
COUNTERTOPS
Commercial countertops may be subject to heavier use, and where food is prepared, materials must
meet health codes.

COUNTERTOP MATERIALS

Waterproof, stain resistant, easily cleaned. Not heat resistant; joints may be damaged,
Plastic laminates
scratches are not repairable. Dark edge requires trim.

Granite Durable, water resistant, and heat resistant.

Slate Water and heat resistant, stainproof, antibacterial.

Soapstone Water, heat, and stain resistant; pleasant feel. Bimonthly oil treatment required.
Marble Wine will stain, sealer required; heat resistant.

Water and stain resistant; light stains, scratches, scorch marks can be buffed out; may
Solid surfacing
water spot. Integral sinks available.

Epoxy resin Durable, poured surface over painted or other surfaces.

Engineered composite
Nonporous; abrasion, stain, and impact resistant. Resinous feel and appearance.
stone

Concrete Durable, tactile surface acquires patina from use; may stain and crack; sealer recommended.

Ceramic tile Heat and stain resistant, durable; grout requires maintenance.

Water may damage surface; requires monthly application of mineral oil. Light damage can be
Wood
sanded off.

Made of paper treated with resin, then pressed and baked into solid sheets. Sanitary, scratch
Paper composite
and heat resistant.

Zinc Warm metal appearance, easy maintenance. Many finishes available.

BRANDS
MANDAUE FOAM FURNITURE REPUBLIC BLIMS SB FURNITURE

CRATE AND BARREL MOD LIVING FURNISHING ETHAN ALLEN OUR HOME

DIMENSIONE HOME DEPOT B&B ITALIA CASA BELLA

FLOU FURNITALIA KASSA KUYSEN

IMAGE REFERENCES
Plywood - Wikipedia
Types of Hardwood Flooring: Solid Wood & Engineered Wood Flooring: Learn the Key Differences | Carpet One Floor &
Home
Composite Decking 101 (popularmechanics.com)

China Composite Wood Ceiling Resort Balcony Ceiling Fire Resistance - China Balcony Ceiling, Resort Ceiling (made-in-
china.com)
Mineral fiber suspended ceiling - FROST™ BASIC - USG - tile / panel / acoustic (archiexpo.com)
Chapter 4 (c) composite masonry (slideshare.net)
CE Center - Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic: High Performance in Ceiling and Wall Panels (bnpmedia.com)
Aluminum Composite Panel Philippines Supplier - Manila Cebu Davao (parklane.ph)
Sandwich panels | Arpanel
Composite Masonry: Types, Advantages & Disadvantages (constructionor.com)
What are Metal Wall Panels? Benefits, Uses, and Types (newtechmachinery.com)
WPC Flooring: The Ultimate Guide | Spectra Contract Flooring (spectracf.com)
Bamboo Flooring FAQ | Your Questions Answered | BuildDirectLearning Center
Composite Walnut Wood Veneer. 1/42 Thick. 1 Sheet (20.5” X 27”) 3.5 Sq Ft – WoodCycle Products
Wood/carbon composites for architecture | CompositesWorld
5 bridges in Metro Manila we're not crossing anytime soon - NOLISOLI
Prefab Homes are a Good Fit for First-Time Home Buyers - NewHomeSource
Affordable Housing for Filipinos | ZipMatch
Refurbishment (sika.com)
Buy PVC Door with Louver Brown 60 x 210 | Top-Most Hardware & Construction Supplies (topmosthardware.ph)
Fire rated doors-Ahlada Engineers Limited | Engineers A Better Tommorrow
Bayview Windows - Single & Double Hung Window Gallery
China 1.0mm Galvanized Steel Face Sheets Fire Rated Door - China 10 C Fire Rated Door, UL Fire Door (made-in-
china.com)
How To Paint A Metal Door (glidden.com)
Missing Page at Menards®
Stainless Steel Doors | Architectural | Forms+Surfaces (forms-surfaces.com)
Excellent Price Double Glazed Aluminum Windows Prices In Morocco For Safety - Buy Aluminum Windows Prices In
Morocco,Double Glazed Aluminum Windows Prices In Morocco,Double Glazed Aluminum Windows Prices In Morocco
For Safety Product on Alibaba.com
Steel Window Institute (steelwindows.com)
Wood Replacement Windows - Frames Buying Guide - Modernize
15 Chaise Lounge Sofas That Were Made for Reclaiming Your Time (yahoo.com)
Benchcraft Dellara 3210111 Casual Storage Ottoman | Pilgrim Furniture City | Ottomans
Roger Genuine Leather Power Recliner - Black | The Brick
Inno Lab XL Rocking rocking chair | Finnish Design Shop
Global Home Berkeley Dining Side Chair | HomeWorld Furniture | Dining Side Chairs
IF030 Bar Stool Chair - HMR Trading Haus
Amazon.com: Furmax Ribbed Office Desk Chair Mid-Back PU Leather Executive Conference Task Chair Adjustable Swivel
Chair with Arms (White): Home & Kitchen
Ergodynamic BOSS CHAIR Executive High Back Man made faux leather office chair - Cost U Less
Stacking Chairs — Caliber Office Furniture
Booth vs Banquette – What’s the difference? | Harrows NZ
Booth Seating & Cluster Seating at School Outfitters
Fixed Seating Systems | Hussey Seating Company Asia-Pacific — Hussey Seating Company - Asia Pacific
(husseyasiapacific.com)
abensonHOME Heaven Coffee Table | Home Furniture | Abenson.com
Farmhouse End Table | HOM Furniture
abensonHOME Kendall Dining Table Drift Oak | Home Furniture | Abenson.com
Alfred 1 Drawer Wooden Bedside Table - Natural Oak | Interior Secrets
Hospitality Table Size Guide (thecontractchair.co.uk)
Conference Table MT04-18 | Office Warehouse, Inc.
Live edge tables from fallen trees & reclaimed wood Fallen Industry Brooklyn NY
Built-In Wardrobe For Beautiful Bedroom Storage (closetworks.com)
Liberty Furniture Magnolia Manor Traditional Armoire with Cedar Lined Bottom Drawer | Standard Furniture | Armoires
Liberty Furniture Bayside Bedroom Transitional 5 Drawer Chest with Dust Proof Drawers | Royal Furniture | Drawer
Chests
Best Secretary Desk Furniture - 10 Modern Secretary Desks (elledecor.com)
Cheap Wooden Drawers Dressing Table High Quality Home Furniture - Buy High Quality Dressing Table,Cheap Dressing
Table,Dressing Table With Drawer Product on Alibaba.com
Bedside Tables and Night Stands | Mejore
Bedside Tables and Night Stands | Mejore
Wall Cabinet Images, Stock Photos & Vectors | Shutterstock
Wall Cabinet Images, Stock Photos & Vectors | Shutterstock
The Best Furniture Stores in the Philippines | Lamudi
WALL SYSTEM - SLIM by Eureka s.r.l. | Storage systems | ambista

OTHER REFERENCES
Composite material - Wikipedia
(2) (PDF) Composite Materials in Building and Construction Applications | miss vennu - Academia.edu
Composites - Designing Buildings Wiki
Vinyl Wood Plastic Composite Flooring | UK Sales and Support | JFJ (jfjwoodflooring.co.uk)
Composite Wood Flooring Options | Networx
What is composite flooring: Life Floor Slate, AcoustiCORK & Rubber (greatmats.com)
Types of Masonry Walls in Building Construction - Building Technology Guide - The Constructor
Composite masonry (slideshare.net)
Mineral Fiber Ceiling Tiles | USG Boral
Composite Roof Shingles - Bob Vila
What is Synthetic Composite Roofing? - Gotcha Covered Contracting (gccroofers.com)
What is a PVC Door? - hipages.com.au
Doors Philippines - List of Philippines Doors companies (businesslist.ph)
Best 15 Door Companies in Philippines | Houzz
List of furniture types - Wikipedia

Interior Design Illustrated (3rd Edition) by Francis D. K. Ching & Corky Binggeli 2012