A REPORT

COMPARISON STUDY
IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION

2019
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Image forgery detection based on physics and pixels: a

study
ABSTRACT
 With the advancement of the digital image processing software and

15 editing tools, a digital image can be easily manipulated. The detection of

image manipulation is very important because an image can be used as

legal evidence, in forensics investigations, and in many other fields. The

pixel-based image forgery detection aims to verify the authenticity of

digital images without any prior knowledge of the original image. There

20 are many ways for tampering an image such as splicing or copy-move, re-

sampling an image (re-size, rotate, stretch), addition and removal of any

object from the image. In this paper we have discussed various pixel-based

techniques for image forgery detection, mainly copy-move and splicing

techniques.

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COMPARISON TABLE:

S. No. Paper title Method used Tampering detection type Pros/cons

1 Detection of copy-move DCT Copy-move region is detected Will not work in noisy
forgery in digital image image

2 Exposing digital forgeries by PCA Exact copy-move region is Time complexity is

detecting duplicated image detected automatically high
regions
 3 Robust detection of region Similarity Copy-move region detected in Time complexity is
duplication in digital image matching noisy conditions reduced
4 A sorted neighbourhood DWT-SVD Efficiently detects forged region Time complexity is
approach for detecting less compared to other
duplicate reason based on algorithms
DWT and SVD
5 A new approach for detecting DWT Exact copy-move region is Works well in noisy
copy-move forgery detection detected and compressed image
in digital image
6 Detection of copy-move SIFT Copy-move region is detected Detects false result
forgery in digital images also
using SIFT algorithm
7 Identifying tampered regions SVD Copy-Move region is detected Will not work in
using singular value accurately highly noised &
decomposition in Digital compressed image
image forensics
8 Fast copy-move forgery Improved PCA Exact Copy-Move region is Works well in noisy,
detection detected compressed image
9 Detect digital image splicing DW-VAM In spliced image, forged region is Work only in the
with visual cues detected Splicing
10 Fast, automatic and fine- Double Tampered region is detected Works only in JPEG
grained tempered JPEG Quantization – accurately Format
image detection via DCT DCT
coefficient analysis
11 Copy-move forgery detection SVD Forged region is detected Will not work well in
in digital image noisy image
12 DWT-DCT based Copy- DCT-DWT Forged region is detected Will not work in
Move image forgery accurately highly compressed
detection image
13 An integrated technique for DCT-SURF Copy-Move and spliced both Works well for both
splicing and copy-move region detected copy-move and
image forgery detection splicing
14 Improved DCT-based DCT Copy-move region detected Works well if the
detection of copy-move accurately image blurred &
forgery in digital image compressed
15 A robust detection algorithm DCT Exact copy-move region detected Works well if the
for copy move forgery in a image is noisy or
digital image blurred

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PCA: Principal Component Analysis

DCT: Discrete Cosine Transform

DWT: Discrete Wavelet Transform

40 SVD: Singular Value Decomposition

SIFT: Scale Invariant Feature Transform

SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features.

CONCLUSION:

In this paper various approaches of pixel-based image forgery detection

45 have been reviewed and discussed. All the methods and approaches

discussed in this paper are able to detect forgery. But some algorithms are

not effective in terms of detecting actual forged region. On the other hand

some algorithms have a very high time complexity. So, there is a need to

develop an efficient and accurate image forgery detection algorithms.

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