Comparison of privileges that totally/partially extinguish criminal liability 

  Amnesty Absolute Pardon Conditional Pardon  Commutation of  Good Conduct Time  Parole  Probation 
sentence  Allowance

Legal Basis  Revised Penal Code,  Revised Penal  Revised Penal  Revised Penal Code,  Revised Penal Code, Articles  The Indeterminate Sentence Law (Act No.  Probation Law (P.D. No. 968) 
Article 89  Code, Article 89 Code, Articles 94  Articles 94 and 96  94 and 97  4103) 
and 95

Extent  Total  Total  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial  Partial 

extinguished 

Effect  Grants oblivion or a  Release of  Release of  Reduces the duration  Makes deductions from the  Suspends the sentence of a convict after  Suspends the execution of sentence and 
general pardon for a  convict from  convict from  of a prison sentence  term of the sentence for good  serving the minimum term of the  subjects the offender to the supervision 
past offense  conviction and  Conviction without  of a prisoner  behavior  indeterminate penalty subject to conditions  of a probation officer 
restoration of  restoration of 
political and civil  certain rights 
rights 

Who grants  President with the  President  President  President  Director of the Bureau of  Board of Pardons and Parole  The Court 
concurrence of  Corrections, the Chief of the 
Congress  Bureau of Jail Management and 
Penology and/or the Warden 

Who qualifies  Political offenders  In general, any offender  In general, any  Detention prisoners qualified  In general, any offender  In general, any offender 
offender  for credit for preventive 
imprisonment, detention 
prisoners convicted by final 
judgment 

Who is  1. Impeached officers  1. Impeached officers  1. Impeached  1. Recidivists  1. Persons convicted of offenses punished  1. Sentenced to serve a maximum 
disqualified  2. Those who violated  2. Those who violated election laws,  officers  2. Accused previously  with death penalty or life-imprisonment  term of imprisonment of more than 
election laws, rules,  rules, and regulations unless  2. Those who  convicted twice or more of  2. Those convicted of treason, conspiracy  six years; 
and regulations  recommended by the COMELEC  violated election  any crime  or proposal to commit treason  2. Convicted of any offense against 
unless  laws, rules, and  3. Those who failed to  3. Those convicted of misprision of  the security of the State; 
recommended by  regulations  voluntarily surrender upon  treason, rebellion, sedition or espionage  3. Who have previously been 
the COMELEC  unless  being summoned for the  4. Those convicted of piracy  convicted by final judgment of an 
recommended by  execution of his sentence  5. Those who are habitual delinquents  offense punished by imprisonment 
the COMELEC  4. Habitual delinquents  6. Those who have escaped from  of not less than one month and one 
5. Escapees  confinement or evaded sentence  day and/or a fine of not less than 
6. Those charged of heinous  7. Those who having been granted  Two Hundred Pesos; 
crimes  conditional pardon by the Chief  4. Who have been once on probation 
Executive shall have violated the terms  under the provisions of this Decree 
thereof  5. If convict appeals the judgment or 
8. To those whose maximum term of  conviction 
imprisonment does not exceed one year  6. Those who violated election laws, 
9. Those who violated election laws, rules,  rules, and regulations unless 
and regulations unless recommended  recommended by the COMELEC 
by the COMELEC 

When granted  May be granted  Only granted after conviction  During service of  During service of sentence  After convict has served the minimum  Only granted after conviction 
before or after  by final judgment  sentence  penalty imposed on him  by final judgment 
conviction