NAVIGATIONAL FORMULAS

Coordinate or Geographical Coordinate System

Difference of Latitude

- it is the numerical difference of the two latitude points on Earth if it is situated at the same
side;
- on the other hand, it is the numerical sum of two points if it is situated on the opposite side
and;
- the value must be converted to the actual distance unit (in Nautical Mile/s). To convert it
just multiply the value (in degree/s) by 60 as 1o is equal to 60 Nautical miles (Nm).

Mid-latitude (Lm)
- it is half the sum of the latitude coordinates between places or points on Earth. On the
other hand, it is half the difference of two places by their coordinates situated on opposite
sides and takes the name of the coordinate which has greater value or the one which is the
farthest.