Matter

Matter
● anything that occupies space and has mass

Three Physical States of Matter:

a. Gas
● also known as vapor
e. g. air
Properties:
1. no fixed volume
2. it conforms to the volume and shape of its container
3. can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume or can expand to
occupy a larger one

b. Liquid
e.g gasoline
Properties
1. has a distinct volume independent of its container
2. no specific shape
3. assumes the shape of the portion of its container
4. cannot be compressed to any appreciable extent

c. Solid
e. g. sidewalk on which we walk
Properties
1. has definite shape
2. has definite volume
3. rigid
4. cannot be compressed to any appreciable extent

Classification of Matter

Matter

Pure Substances Mixture

Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Pure Substances
● a matter which has a fixed composition and distinct properties
e.g.
seawater
separated into different substances with water and table salt
(sodium chloride) as most abundant

1. Elements
● substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by
chemical means
e. g. elements in the periodic table

2. Compounds
● substances that can be decomposed by chemical means into two or
more elements
e. g. Sodium chloride
Water
→ decomposed into Hydrogen Gas and Oxygen
Gas

Mixtures
● Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retain its
own chemical identity and hence its own properties

Classification of Mixture

1. Heterogeneous mixture
● mixtures that do not have same composition, properties and appearance
throughout
e. g sand, wood, rocks

2. Homogeneous mixture
● mixtures that are uniform throughout
e. g. air

Properties of Matter

1. Physical Properties
Properties that can be measured without changing the basic identity of the
substance
e. g.
Color
Odor
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Hardness
2. Chemical Properties
Properties that describe the way a substance may change or “react” to form other
substances
e. g.
flammability
→ the tendency of a substance to burn in the presence of
oxygen

Changes of Matter

1. Physical Changes
● changes in its physical appearance but not its basic identity
e. g.
evaporation of water
→ changes from the liquid state to gas state but still water no
change into any other substance

2. Chemical Changes
● also called chemical reactions
● changes in which a substance is transformed into a chemically different
substance
e. g.
burning of gasoline
→ the gasoline reacts with oxygen changes gives Carbon Dioxide
and Water