Physical violence: which can be used in fights, bullying or as corporal punishment, refers to any act in

which physical force is used to cause any degree of pain or discomfort. It includes, for example,
pinching, spanking, hitting children with a hand, burning, or forcing them to ingest something.

28.3% of adults report being physically abused as a child.

Psychological violence: it involves the use of verbal aggression, threats, intimidation, denigration,
ridicule, guilt, humiliation, withdrawal of love or emotional manipulation to control children.

10.6% of adults report being emotionally abused as a child.

Sexual violence: it encompasses situations in which a child is forced to perform a sexual act by a
caregiver or neighbor , pressed to have unwanted sexual intercourse by a dating partner, exposed to
sexual comments or advances by a peer or an adult, impelled to engage in sex in exchange for cash,
gifts or favors, coerced to expose her or his sexual body parts, including in person or online,
subjected to viewing sexual activities or sexual body parts without his or her consent, or raped by a
group of persons as part of a ritual, a form of punishment

20.7% of adults report being sexually abused as a child.

Between 2005 and 2020, parties to conflict raped, forcibly married, sexually exploited, and
committed other grave forms of sexual violence against at least 14,200 children.
Peers: in forms of bullying or fights. In its broadest sense, bullying refers to the use of aggression to
assert power over someone. More specifically, it has been defined by researchers as “actions, either
physical or verbal, that have a hostile intent, are repeated over time, cause distress for the victim and
involve a power imbalance between the perpetrator and victim.

One out of every five (20.2%) students reports being bullied.

Physical fighting in schools is a common form of violence. Available evidence shows that physical

fighting tends to go together with worse educational outcomes. The map here shows the percentage
of 13 to 15-year-olds who reported being involved in physical fighting in the prior year.
Parents: Child abuse reports involved 7.9 million children. 91.4% of victims are maltreated by one or
both parents. Only 3.4 million children received prevention & post-response services. 142,056
children received foster care services.

Strangers: when talking about strangers we’re referring to neighbors, people in the streets, wars,
cyberbullying, and so many others.

For example, children pay the highest price of humanitarian crisis. Armed conflict, natural disasters
and other emergencies expose millions of girls and boys to unthinkable forms of violence,
exploitation, abuse and neglect.

Many children are forced to flee their homes, some torn from their parents and caregivers along the
way. In conflict, children may be injured or killed by explosive weapons and mines, including during
attacks on schools and hospitals. They may be recruited by armed forces or armed groups.
Caregiver: is a family member or paid helper who regularly looks after a child

And our headline is going to be corporal punishment in schools, which has been outlawed in many
countries. It often involves striking the student on the buttocks or the palm of the hand with an
implement

In countries where corporal punishment is still allowed in schools, there may be restrictions; for
example, school caning in Singapore and Malaysia is, in theory, permitted for boys only.

In India, South Korea, and many other countries, corporal punishment has technically been abolished
by law. However, corporal punishment continues to be practiced on boys and girls in many schools
around the world. Cultural perceptions of corporal punishment have rarely been studied and
researched. One study carried out discusses how corporal punishment is perceived among parents
and students in India, in which almost 4 out of 5 children aged 8 yo report physical punishment by
teachers.

Medical professionals have urged putting an end to the practice, noting the danger of injury to
children's hands especially.[46]

Data on violent discipline in schools is sparse. But the available estimates suggest this is an important
problem in many countries. In India, for example, almost 4 out of 5 children age 8 report physical
punishment by teachers.

Romantic partner: Teen dating violence (TDV), also called, “dating violence”, is an adverse
childhood experience that affects millions of young people in the United States. Dating violence can
take place in person, online, or through technology. It is a type of intimate partner violence.

Teen dating violence has profound impact on lifelong health, opportunity, and well-being. Unhealthy
relationships can start early and last a lifetime.

26% of women and 15% of men who were victims of contact sexual violence, physical violence,
and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime first experienced these or other forms of
violence by that partner before age 18.

child homicides
According to UNICEF every 7 minutes somewhere in the world, an adolescent is killed by an
act of violence. The map here shows homicide rates for children 0-19 years old, country by
country.

As can be seen, there are huge regional differences. In 2015, the homicide rate in Latin
America and the Caribbean was almost five times higher than the global average.