Name: Rina Pauline P.

Alburo
Section: BEED 2-A
Guide questions:
Week 1
1. Define Ethics.
ANSWER: Questions about how we should treat one another arise in ethics. It asks us
to consider how we should act in relationships and how those actions should be carried
out. Also, ethics is the study of how moral principles and norms affect human behavior.
Corporate ethics is concerned with business ethics and the ongoing process of
maximizing profit in the context of what is good and wrong.

2. The need to study Ethics.

ANSWER: The four general reasons why we need to study Ethics:
1) Ethics explains why one action is preferable to another.

2) Ethics contributes to a peaceful social life by providing humanity with a common

ground for agreement and comprehension of certain principles or procedures.

3) Both past and contemporary moral conduct and ethical systems must be intelligently
assessed and challenged.

4) Ethics aims to educate men about the actual values of life. Two key assumptions
underpin ethics: first, that man is a rational being, and second, that man is free.

3. Assumptions of Ethics.
ANSWER: Two key assumptions underpin ethics: first, that man is a rational being, and
second, that man is free. The extent of our moral obligation is influenced by these
fundamental principles. We talked about the physical object, or the person who
performs the act, and the nonphysical object, or the act performed by the person who
performs the act. The nonphysical object of Ethics is divided into two categories: human
and humane acts. Moral acts or human acts are said to be the formal object of Ethics
because they have moral value.
4. The objects of Ethics.
ANSWER: The physical object, or the doer of the deed, and the nonphysical object, or
the act done by the doer, are the two objects of Ethics. The nonphysical object of Ethics
is divided into two categories: human and humane acts. Moral acts or human acts are
said to be the formal object of Ethics because they have moral value.

5. Two general forms of acts.

ANSWER:
THE TWO GENERAL FORMS OF ACTS ARE
1. Voluntary Natural acts
• Voluntary acts are the second category of normal behavior. Acts like sleeping, eating,
and drinking are voluntary and natural, but not always reflexive.
• Brushing our teeth, combing our hair, cutting our nails, taking a bath, and other socially
taught tasks are examples of what we do on a regular basis.

2. Human Acts
• Human acts are the second general type of act.
• Human activities are defined as conscious, deliberate, purposeful, voluntary, and
within the scope of human value judgment.
•Human actions can be classified as either moral or immoral.

6. Forms of ethical analysis.

ANSWER: There are two types of ethical analysis: descriptive ethical analysis and
normative ethical analysis. In the social sciences, descriptive ethics is used, but most
philosophers consider that ethics is primarily normative.
7. Forms of Ethics.
ANSWER:
PRACTICAL ETHICS
• Is largely concerned with answering factual questions, such as those offered by the
scenarios described above.
• Is, to put it another way, inherently normative. It proposes ways of conduct for moral
issues for which there are no obvious answers.
THEORETICAL ETHICS
• Is largely concerned with determining the meaning of ethical notions such as good,
right, and fairness.
• Attempts to investigate moral actions, inquiries into what constitutes a right, and
establishes the relationship between facts and values.

MORAL SKEPTICISM
• It's a catch-all term for a philosophic attitude that rejects any claim to certainty, making
it incompatible with any type of moral dogmatism or authoritative assurance.

8. Personal and Societal ethics.

ANSWER:
• Personal ethics is the study of how a person should act in reference to himself.
• Social ethics is concerned with how a person should act in respect to others; this
distinction is based on distinguishing between one's own self and one's obligations to
others.

SELECTED READINGS:
Everyday Ethics by Thomas Shanks.