Lecture-1: Basics of Wireless Communication System (Detail)

Section-1: Block diagram of communication systems

1. Basic block diagram of communication system.
2. Basic block diagram of analog communication system.
3. Basic block diagram of digital communication system.
4. Functions of transmitter.
5. Functions of channel.
6. Function of receiver.

Section-2: Channel and its classifications

1. Definition of channel.
2. Classification of wireless channel.
3. Factors that affect information in a channel.
4. Received signal expressions for the (i) SISO (ii) SIMO (iii) MISO and (iv) MIMO Channels.

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Lecture-1: Basics of Wireless Communication System
(Section-1: Block diagram of communication systems)

1. Basic block diagram of communication system.

Nonelectrical Nonelectrical
Signal Signal

Information Input Transmitter Transmission Receiver Output Destination

Source Transducer Medium Transducer

Electrical Electrical
Signal Signal

(a) Information Source: Information source originates a message.

Example: (i) Voice
(ii) Picture
(iii) Text
(iv) Data

(b) Input Transducer: Input transducer converts nonelectrical signal to electrical signal (known as base band signal).
(c) Transmitter: Transmitter modifies the electrical signal for efficient transmission. It performs the following three
functions.
(i) Modulation.
(ii) Encoding
(iii) Transmission.

(d) Transmission Medium: The medium through the transmitter output is sent to the transmitter.
Example:
(i) Wire.
(ii) Coaxial cable.
(iii) Waveguide.
(iv) Optical fiber.
(v) Radio link.
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 (e) Receiver: Receiver reprocesses the signal received from the transmission medium by undoing the signal
modifications made at the transmitter and the transmission medium. It performs the following three functions.
(i) Reception.
(ii) Decoding.
(iii) Demodulation.

(f) Output Transducer: Output transducer converts electrical signal to nonelectrical signal (known as original signal).

(g) Destination: The destination is the unit to which the message is communicated.

2. Basic block diagram of analog communication system.

Nonelectrical
Signal

Information Input
Source Transducer
Electrical
Signal

Transmitter Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier Receiver

Electrical
Signal
Output Destination
Transducer

Nonelectrical
Signal

(a) Amplifier:
(i) It amplifies the signal transmitted from the transmitter.
(ii) It amplifies the noise signal coming from the medium.

3. (a) Basic block diagram of digital communication system.

Nonelectrical
Signal

Information Input
Source Transducer
Electrical
Signal

Transmitter Regenerative Regenerative Regenerative Receiver

repeater rerpeater repeater

Electrical
Signal
Output Destination
Transducer

Nonelectrical
Signal

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 (a) Regenerative repeater:
(i) It receives the transmitted digital sequence.
(ii) It reconstructs the received digital sequence.
(iii) It eliminates the error in the received digital sequence.
(iv) It resend the reconstructed digital sequence.

(b) Basic block diagram of digital wireless communication system.

Nonelectrical
Signal
Output Digital
Information Input Sequence
Source Transducer
Detector and
decoder
Electrical
Signal

Transmitter Channel Channel Channel Receiver

Electrical
Signal
encoder decoder

Source
Encoder
Output Destination
Transducer
Input Digital
Sequence
Nonelectrical
Signal

4. Function of Transmitter: Three functions

(i) Modulation.
(ii) Encoding
(iii) Transmission.

5. Function of Channel:
(i) It acts as a link between transmitter and receiver.

6. Function of Receiver: Three functions

(i) Reception.
(ii) Decoding
(iii) Demodulation.

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 Lecture-1: Basics of Wireless Communication System (Detail)
(Section-2: Channel and its classifications)

1. Definition of channel: Channel is the medium of communication between transmitter and receiver.

2. Classifications of wireless channels: Wireless channels can be classified on the basis of

(i) Antenna Configuration.
(ii) Fading and
(iii) Interference.

(a) Classifications of wireless channels based on antenna configuration: Four types

1. Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) Channel.
2. Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) Channel.
3. Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) Channel.
4. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Channel.

(b) Classifications of wireless channels based on fading: Three types

1. Multipath Fading Channel:
(i) Rayleigh Fading Channel.
(ii) Nakagami-m Fading Channel.
(iii) Nakagami-n Fading Channel.
(iv) Nakagami-q Fading Channel.
(v) Weibull Fading Channel.
(vi) Log-Normal Fading Channel.
(vii) Beckmann Fading Channel.

2. Generalized Fading Channel:

(i) κ-μ Fading Channel.
(ii) η-μ Fading Channel.
(iii) α-μ Fading Channel.
(iv) Generalized Gamma Fading Channel.
(v) Extended Generalized Gamma Fading Channel.
(vi) Generalized-K Fading Channel.
(vii) Generalized Nakagami-m Fading Channel.
(viii) Hyper Fox's H Fading Channel.
(ix) Hyper Gamma Fading Channel.

3. Composite Fading Channel:

(i) Composite Rayleigh/Log-Normal Fading Channel.
(ii) Composite Gamma/Log-Normal Fading Channel

(c) Classifications of wireless channels based on interference: Three types

(i) Cognitive interference channel.
(ii) X-interference channel.
(iii) Z-interference channel.

Lecture-1: Wi

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 3. Factors that affect information in a channel: Three factors
(a) Noise.
(b) Fading.
(c) Interference.

4. Received signal expressions for the (i) SISO (ii) SIMO (iii) MISO and (iv) MIMO Channels:
(Please see the slide).

References:
1. Marvin K. Simon and Mohamed-Selim Alouni, “Digital Communication over Fading Channels”, 2nd Edition.
2. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communication”, 4th Edition.
3. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communication-Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd Edition.
4. Leon W. Couch, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 5th Edition.
5. B. P. Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition.
6. Edward A. Lee and David G. Messerschmitt, “Digital Communication”, 2nd Edition.
7. Rudiger Urbanke, “Advanced Digital Communications”, 2nd Edition.
8. Michael P. Fitz, “An Introduction to Digital Communication Theory”, 2nd Edition.
9. Upamanyu Madhow, “Fundamentals of Digital Communication”, 3rd Edition.
10. Andrew J. Viterbi and Jim K. Omura, “Principles of Digital Communication and Coding”, 3rd Edition.