EXCEL PIVOTS &

CHARTS
(Versatile, Ubiquitous,
and Underrated)

Raw Data POWER QUERY

(Data Grabber/Shaper)
(M Engine)
POWER BI
DASHBOARDS
DATA MODEL (Modern, Dynamic, Mobile)
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)
(DAX Engine)

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Data Shaper, Transformer, & More!

Raw Data

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)
Raw Data

Extract Transform Load

Data Sources Cleaning / Shaping / Combining Transformed Tables

P o w e r Q u e r y
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DAX = (M) Code In Power Query

POWER QUERY
(Data Grabber/Shaper)

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)

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Append Data Tables

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)

One Query File Folder Multiple Files (Binary) Appended Table

P o w e r Q u e r y
Append Data Tables
2016 Sales
ID Product Name Quantity Amount
1 Marauders Map 1 $49.95
2 Wizz Bangers 5 $17.50 Combined Sales Table
ID Product Name Quantity Amount
1 Marauders Map 1 $49.95
2 Wizz Bangers 5 $17.50
3 Fizz Poppers 6 $8.25
2017 Sales 4 Nimbus 1000 1 $999.98
ID Product Name Quantity Amount
3 Fizz Poppers 6 $8.25
4 Nimbus 1000 1 $999.98
 Power Query “Data” Types

Single Value List of Values Full Table File (Binary)

Record Single Column Table Multiple Columns & Rows Binary Source (Contains Full Tables)

Value Is ANY Data Type Column Is ANY Data Type Columns Are ANY Data Type File Can Be: Excel, Access, CSV,
HTML, JSON, XML

L o a d s T o D a t a M o d e l
Merge lookup tables

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)

Three Queries Three Excel Tables Merged Table

P o w e r Q u e r y
Data Model Schemas
S n o w f l a k e S c h e m a S t a r S c h e m a
Referencing Queries

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)

Three
One Queries
Query Three Excel Tables Merged Table

P o w e r Q u e r y
Merge (JOIN) Types

LEFT OUTER RIGHT OUTER FULL OUTER

Returns ALL from First, Returns ALL from Second, Returns ALL from both
Matching From Second Matching From First

INNER JOIN LEFT ANTI RIGHT ANTI

Returns ONLY Returns rows ONLY in first Returns rows ONLY in
matching rows table second table
from both tables
Merging Product With Product Sub Category
ID Product Name Category ID
1 Marauders Map 1 ID Category Name
2 Wizz Bangers 1 1 Collectors Items
3 Fizz Poppers 2 2 Novelty Items
4 Nimbus 1000 3

ID Product Name Category Name

1 Marauders Map Collectors Items
2 Wizz Bangers Novelty Items
3 Fizz Poppers Novelty Items
4 Nimbus 1000
 Folder Organization (Groups)

Raw Data

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)
Raw Data

E T L
Data Sources Staging Tables Load to Data Model

P o w e r Q u e r y
 Merging With Multiple Columns
Account Month & Year Amount Many-To-Many!
One-To-One! Account Month & Year Budget
10010 January, 2018 $9,275 10010 January, 2018 $10,982
x2
10010 February, 2018 $11,852 10010 February, 2018 $11,983
10020 January, 2018 $4,906 10020 January, 2018 $5,093
x2
10020 February, 2018 $3,733 10020 February, 2018 $4,398

Row Duplication!
Account No Row
Month Duplication!
& Year Amount Budget
10010
Account January,
Month & 2018
Year $9,275
Amount $10,982
Budget
10010
10010 January,
January, 2018
2018 $9,275
$9,275 $11,983
$10,982
x4
10010
10010 February,
February, 2018
2018 $11,852
$11,852 $10,982
$11,983
10010
10020 February, 2018
January, 2018 $11,852
$4,906 $11,983
$5,093
10020
10020 January,
February,2018
2018 $4,906
$3,733 $5,093
$4,398
10020 January, 2018 $4,906 $4,398
x4
10020 February, 2018 $3,733 $5,093
10020 February, 2018 $3,733 $4,398
Dissecting franken-tables

Lookup Table

DATA MODEL
(Data Cruncher / The Brain)

One Query Franken-table Data Table

P o w e r Q u e r y
 Table Types: Data Vs. Lookup

Data Table Lookup Table

• Typically TALL (Many Rows) • Typically WIDE (Many Columns)

• MOSTLY Dates and Numbers • MOSTLY Text
• Do MATH against it (E.g. SUM, • LOOKUP Information (E.g. Name,
AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, etc…) Address, Description, etc…)
• Fast changing (Updated Often) • Slow Changing (Updated Less Often)
• MAY contain Time Dimensions (E.g. • Does NOT typically contain Time
Order Date, Record Time, etc…) Dimensions
• The MANY side of a relationship
* • The ONE side of a relationship 1
Data Model (DAX) Compression
✓ Excel & Power BI Data Models are
✓ fantastic at compressing the
data it imports.
✓ It compresses data by identifying
repeating values on rows, within
one column.
✓ BUILD TABLES TALL NOT WIDE
COMPRESSED! NO COMPRESSION
Store ID Transaction Amount Store Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
Type ID ID 1 2 3 4
1 Quarter 1 $8,801
$8,801 1 $8,801
$8,801 $7,153 $8,801
$8,801 $9,623
1 Quarter 2 $12.47
1 Quarter 3 $8,801
$8,801
1 Quarter 4 $1.23

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