UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS

PHARMACY DEPARTMENT
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND TAXONOMY (PhBioSci1)

ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: _Allysa Rose Gloria_____ Course, Year and Section: _Pharm1F___ Score: ________
Instructor’s Name: Mr. Balili & Ms. Adorable Group No: ____ Member No: ____ Date: 9/24/2021_

ACTIVITY 1: MICROSCOPY
RESULTS:
A. DISSECTING MICROSCOPE
a. Label its parts.
(1) Eye Piece

(2) Vertical Limb

(3) Stage Clips

(4) Stage
(5) Adjustment Screw

(6) Mirror

(7) Stand

(8) Base

b. Fill in the table. List down the parts of a dissecting microscope and give its functions.
PARTS FUNCTIONS

1. Eye Piece It is a simple convex lens of either 2X, 3X, 5X, 10X or 20X
magnification.

It is short and movable rod that fits into the hollow tube of
2. Vertical Limb the stand. With the help of the adjustment screw, this limb
can be moved up and down.

3. Stage Clips Two clips are fitted on the stage. They are used to hold the
slide in the desired position.

It is rectangular glass plate attached to the upper end of the

4. Stage stand or limb. Slide or the object, to be observed, is kept on
the stage.
5. Adjustment This is a screw used to adjust or move the vertical limb up
Screw and down.

It is concave reflecting mirror attached to the lower inner

6. Mirror side of the stand. Light rays are reflected or focussed on the
stage by the mirror.

It is short but strong, hollow cylindrical rod. It is one end is

7. Stand fixed at the foot or base. It provides support to the mirror,
adjustment screw and other parts.

It is the basal, horseshoe shaped or circular part of dissecting

8.Base microscope. It is made of heavy material. It provides support
to other parts of microscope.
 B. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
a. Label its parts. (1) Ocular Lens/ Eyepiece

(2) Body Tube

(3) Arm (4) Revolving Nosepiece

(5) 10x Low Power Objective Lens

(6) 100x Oil Immersion Objective Lens
(7) 40x High Power Objective Lens
(8) 4x Scanning Objective Lens

(9) Stage Clips (10) Stage

(12) Coarse Adjustment Knob

(11) Iris Diaphragm

(13) Fine Adjustment Knob (14) Illuminator/Light Source

(15) Base

b. Fill in the table. List down the parts of a compound microscope and give its functions.
PARTS FUNCTIONS/ USES

This is the part used to look through the microscope. It is

1. Ocular Lens found at the top of the microscope. Its standard
(Eyepiece) magnification is 10x with an optional eyepiece having
magnifications from 5X – 30X.

It separates the objective and the eyepiece and assures

continuous alignment of the optics. It is a standardized
2. Body Tube length, anthropometrically related to the distance
between the height of a bench or tabletop (on which the
microscope stands) and the position of the seated
observer’s eyes.

This is the part connecting the base and to the head and
3. Arm the eyepiece tube to the base of the microscope. It gives
support to the head of the microscope, and it is also used
when carrying the microscope.
4. Revolving Also known as the revolving turret. It holds the objective
Nose Piece lenses. It is movable hence it can revolve the objective
lenses depending on the magnification power of the lens.

The low power objective lens has more magnification

power than the scanning objective lens, and it is one of
5. (10x) Low the most helpful lenses when it comes to observing and
Power analysing glass slide samples. The total magnification of
Objective a low power objective lens combined with a 10x eyepiece
Lens lens is 100x magnification, giving you a closer view of the
slide than a scanning objective lens without getting too
close for general viewing purposes.

6. (100x) Oil Provides the most powerful magnification, with a

Immersion whopping magnification total of 1000x when combined
Objective with a 10x eyepiece. But the refractive index of air and
Lens your glass slide are slightly different, so a special
immersion oil must be used to help bridge the gap.

Also called “high dry” lens is ideal for observing fine

7. (40x) High details within a specimen sample. The total
Power magnification of a high-power objective lens combined
Objective with a 10x eyepiece is equal to 400x magnification, giving
Lens you a very detailed picture of the specimen in your slide.

Provides the lowest magnification power of all objective

lenses. 4x is a common magnification for scanning
8. (4x) Scanning objectives and, when combined with the magnification
Objective power of a 10x eyepiece lens, a 4x scanning objective lens
Lens gives a total magnification of 40x. The name “scanning”
objective lens comes from the fact that they provide
observers with about enough magnification for a good
overview of the slide, essentially a “scan” of the slide.

Stage clips hold the slide in place. They are forced down
9. Stage Clips by a spring and you just lift the clip and put the slide
underneath. The clip will keep the slide in place.

It is where the specimen is placed for examination under

the microscope. The stage is a flat platform that moves
10. Stage up and down by turning the coarse and fine adjustment
knobs. The movement closer or further away from the
objective lens is what allows the specimen to come into
focus.
 It is located under the stage and is used to adjust and
change the intensity and size of the cone of light that
11. Iris Diaphragm shines up through the side. This is done by a rotating
disc under the stage that has different sized holes for the
light to shine through.

Are used to obviously focus the microscope by raising

and lowering the stage closer or further away from the
12. Coarse objective lens but the reason it is called “coarse” is
Adjustment Knob because the movement of the coarse adjustment knobs
will move the stage more rapidly than the fine
adjustment knobs.

Are used at the high-power levels. On some microscopes

the fine adjustment knob very quietly clicks giving you
13. Fine Adjustment additional auditory indicators to help you focus your
Knob specimen. in contrast to the coarse adjustment knobs are
going to move the stage much slower and give you much
more control over the movement up or down of the stage.

14. Illuminator This is the microscopes light source, located at the base.
(Light Source) It is used instead of a mirror. it captures light from an
external source of a low voltage of about 100v.

15. Base It acts as microscopes support. It also carries

microscopic illuminators.
 c. Give a picture of the following specimens under LPO and HPO.
SAMPLES LPO HPO
e a e a

1. Small letter “e”and “a”

2. Thread

3. Cotton Fiber

4. Starch

5. Trichomes
 QUESTIONS:
1. What are the ways of proper handling and cleaning of microscope?
Microscopes are one of the most expensive laboratory equipment, therefore we should take good
care of it properly, especially in terms of cleaning and handling it.
Here are the proper steps in cleaning your microscope;
a) First, inspect any dust on the lens surface using a loupe. If a loupe isn’t readily
available, simply use your eyepiece and hold it up to the lens surface to magnify any
dust or dirt.
b) After inspection, remove any dirt and dust stuck to the surface with a blower.
c) Next, grab a piece of lens paper and fold it around your finger to create a point. It’s
important to use lens paper for this step rather than facial tissues, lab tissues, or paper
towels. Consumer tissues contain loose, coarse fibers that can scratch the lens surface or
break off and remain on the lens. For optics with a smaller surface area, you can create
a fine point by folding the tissue into a triangle.
d) Put a small amount of lens cleaning fluid or cleaning mixture on the tip of the lens
paper. We recommend 70% ethanol because it can effectively and safely clean and
disinfect the surface.
e) When cleaning the lens surface, wipe from the center to the periphery in a circular
motion, called as spiral wiping technique.
f) Look for any remaining dust or residue using an eyepiece or loupe to confirm that the
lens is clean. If color reflected from the lens surface looks uneven, this indicates that
dust specks and dirt remain on the lens. In this case, begin the cleaning process again
until the lens is free of contaminants.
g) Lastly, once you confirm your optical accessory is clean, immediately reattach the
cleaned component on your microscope to keep the system organized.
On the other hand, we have the five proper ways in handling microscope;
a) First. hold the microscope with one hand around the arm of the device, and the other
hand under the base. This is the most secure way to hold and walk with the microscope.
b) Avoid touching the lenses of the microscope. The oil and dirt on your fingers can scratch
the glass.
c) Clean smudges on the microscope glass with a piece of lens paper. Any other material,
such as tissues or even cotton, can scratch the glass of the microscope.
d) Rotate the nosepiece of the microscope all the way down to its lowest level when you
have finished using the microscope. If you leave the nosepiece up while storing it, the
gears on the device can wear out. If this happens, the nosepiece may not be able to lift
and hold its position.
e) Lastly, cover the microscope with the dust cover to protect it from dirt and other debris.
These are the proper ways in cleaning ang handling a microscope. Always remember to be extra
careful with your microscope for it is extremely expensive and can easily damaged without proper care.

2. Differentiate dissecting microscope from compound microscope.

Microscope is a type of laboratory equipment that is quite useful when performing an experiment.
It is also a huge help in observing small objects or a cell. So, there are different types of microscopes and
the two types in which we are going to differentiate are the Dissecting Microscope and the Compound
Microscope which is both useful in experimentation. First, the Dissecting Microscope, is also known as a
stereomicroscope because it has a long working distance, between 25 and 150 mm, it has a lower
magnification ability, while the Compound Microscope are commonly used to view items that are too
small to see with the naked eye. Also, dissecting microscopes are for viewing the surface features of a
specimen, whereas compound microscopes are designed to look through a specimen. Lastly, a compound
microscope is used to observe ultra-thin pieces of larger objects, while a stereoscope can be used for items
that light cannot shine through. The actual colors of the specimen will be observed, and the specimen can
be manipulated by the observer while being viewed.

3. Complete the table below by supplying the missing magnification of the objective lenses and
total magnification.

Ocular Objective Total Magnification

10x 10x 100x
10x 40x 400x
10x 100x 1000x
10x 5x 50x