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kN 100 kN ⋅ s 2
DATOS: P ≔ 300 kN Ec ≔ 2.1 ⋅ 10 7 ―― masa ≔ ――――
m2 m h≔6 m
Calculamos la rigidez de la estructura:
DATOS:
kgf ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kgf kgf
Concreto: f'c ≔ 210 ―― E ≔ 15000 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ――= 217370.651 ――
2 2
cm cm cm 2
6 kgf
Acero: Eacero ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 ――
cm 2
b1 ⋅ h1 3
Columna 1: b1 ≔ 0.30 m h1 ≔ 0.35 m Ic1 ≔ ――― = 107187.5 cm 4 H ≔ 3.00 m
12
b2 ⋅ h2 3
Ic2 ≔ ――― = 107187.5 cm 4
12
b1 ⋅ h1 3
Ic1 ≔ ――― = 107187.5 cm 4
12
b2 ⋅ h2 3
Columna 2: b2 ≔ 0.30 m h2 ≔ 0.35 m Ic2 ≔ ――― = 107187.5 cm 4
12
bv ⋅ hv 3
Viga: bv ≔ 0.30 m hv ≔ 0.60 m Iv ≔ ――― = 540000 cm 4 Lv ≔ 6.00 m
2 12
π ⋅ ϕarriostre
Arriostres: ϕarriostre ≔ 1 in Aarriostre ≔ ―――― = 5.067 cm 2
4
Analizando la rigidez lateral dada solamente por el concreto:
θ1 u1 θ2
C1 C2
θ3
θ3 u1 θ1
⎡ 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 -12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 ⎤
⎢ ―――― -――― ――――-―――⎥
⎢ H3 H2 H3 H2 ⎥
⎢ 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 ⎥ ⎡ 10.355 -15.533 -10.355 -15.533 ⎤
⎢ -――― ――― ――― ――― ⎥ ⎢ -15.533 31.066 15.533 15.533 ⎥ tonf
H2 H H2 H
kcol_1 = ⎢ ⎥ kcol_1 = ⎢ ⎥ ――
-12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1
⎢ ―――― ――― ――――――― 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 ⎥ ⎢ -10.355 15.533 10.355 15.533 ⎥ cm
⎢ H3 H2 H3 H2 ⎥ ⎣ -15.533 15.533 15.533 31.066 ⎦
⎢ ⎥
6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1
⎢ -――― ――― ――― ――― ⎥ 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1
⎢⎣ H2 H H2 H ⎥⎦
u1 θ2
⎡ 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 -12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 ⎤
⎢ ―――― -――― ――――-―――⎥
3 2 3
⎢ H H H H2 ⎥
⎢ 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 ⎥ ⎡ 10.355 -15.533 -10.355 -15.533 ⎤
⎢ - ――― ――― ――― ――― ⎥
H2 H H2 H ⎢ -15.533 31.066 15.533 15.533 ⎥ tonf
kcol_2 = ⎢ ⎥ kcol_2 = ⎢ ⎥ ――
-12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2
⎢ ―――― 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 ⎥ ⎢ -10.355 15.533 10.355 15.533 ⎥ cm
――― ―――― ―――
⎢ H3 H2 H3 H2 ⎥ ⎣ -15.533 15.533 15.533 31.066 ⎦
⎢ ⎥
6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2
⎢ -――― 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2
2
――― ――― 2
――― ⎥
⎢⎣ H H H H ⎥⎦
θ1 θ2
⎡ 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv -12 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv ⎤
⎢ ――― ――― ―――― ――― ⎥
⎢ Lv 3 Lv 2 Lv 3 Lv 2 ⎥
⎢ 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv ⎥ ⎡ 6.521 19.563 -6.521 19.563 ⎤
⎢ ――― ――― - ――― ――― ⎥
Lv 2 Lv Lv 2 Lv ⎢ 19.563 78.253 -19.563 39.127 ⎥ tonf
kviga = ⎢ ⎥ kviga = ⎢ ⎥ ――
-12 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv
⎢ ―――― 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv ⎥ ⎢ -6.521 -19.563 6.521 -19.563 ⎥ cm
-――― ――― -―――
⎢ Lv1 3 Lv1 2 Lv1 3 Lv 2 ⎥ ⎣ 19.563 39.127 -19.563 78.253 ⎦
⎢ ⎥
6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv
⎢ ――― 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv
――― -――― ―――⎥
⎢⎣ Lv 2 Lv Lv 2 Lv ⎥⎦
Ensamblaje:
u1 θ1 θ2 θ3
⎡ 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 12 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 ⎤
⎢ ―――― + ―――― ――― ――― ――― ⎥
⎢ H3 H3 H2 H2 H2 ⎥
⎢ 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 ⎥
⎢ ――― ―――+ ――― ――― ―――⎥
H2 H Lv Lv H
k1 = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic2 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Iv ⎥
――― ――― ――― + ――― 0
⎢ H2 Lv H Lv ⎥
⎢ 6 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ic1 ⎥
⎢ ――― ――― 0 ―――⎥
⎣ H2 H H ⎦
tonf tonf
k1_11 = [ 20.711 ] ―― k1_12 = [ 15.533 15.533 15.533 ] ――
cm cm
tonf
Para hallar la rigidez lateral: KL1 = k1_11 - k1_12 ⋅ ⎛⎝k1_22⎞⎠ -1 ⋅ k1_21 KL1 = 10.681 ――
cm
Analizando la rigidez lateral de parte de los arriostres:
Lv = 6 m
⎛ Lv ⎞
α ≔ atan ⎜―⎟ = 1.107 rad L ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
H 2 + Lv 2 = 6.708 m
⎝H⎠
Eacero ⋅ Aarriostre 2
tonf
KL2 ≔ ――――― ⋅ (cos (α)) = 3.021 ――
L cm
H=3 m
tonf
Rigidez Total: KL ≔ KL1 + KL2 = 13.703 ――
cm
W tonf ⋅ s 2
Peso total: W ≔ 30 tonf Masa: M ≔ ―――= 0.031 ―――
m cm
9.81 ―
a) s 2
‾‾‾
KL rad 2⋅π
Calculamos la frecuencia natural: wn ≔ ― = 21.168 ―― Calculamos el periodo natural: Tn ≔ ―― = 0.297 s
M s wn
rad
b) F (t) = 400 ⋅ sin (10 t) tenemos: F1 ≔ 400 kgf Ω ≔ 10 ―― ξ ≔ 5% = 0.05
s
F1
uestática ≔ ― = 0.2919 mm
KL
1
FAD ≔ ――――――――― = 1.285 Desplazamiento estacionario: uestacionaria ≔ uestática ⋅ FAD = 0.37508 mm
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
⎛ Ω 2 ⎞
2 Ω 2
⎜1 - ―― 2
⎟ + 4 ⋅ ξ ⋅ ―― 2
⎜⎝ w n ⎟⎠ w n
Ω
c) En resonancia sería: ―= 1
wn
1
FADmáx ≔ ――――――― = 10 Desplazamiento máximo: umáximo ≔ uestática ⋅ FADmáx = 2.9191 mm
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
(1 - 1) + 4 ⋅ ξ ⋅ 1
2
el desplazamiento sería: u ((t)) = ⎛⎝e -0.826 ⋅ t ⋅ ((0.5 ⋅ cos ((16.49 ⋅ t)) + 0.75273 ⋅ sin ((16.49 ⋅ t))))⎞⎠ cm
0.9
0.75
0.6
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-0.15
-0.3 tx
-0.45
-0.6
-0.75
V (t) = u (t) ⋅ KL
V (t) = ⎛⎝e -ξ ⋅ wn ⋅ t ⋅ ⎛⎝A ⋅ cos ⎛⎝wD ⋅ t⎞⎠ + B ⋅ sin ⎛⎝wD ⋅ t⎞⎠⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⋅ KL A ⋅ KL = 22.231 ton B ⋅ KL = 33.469 ton
La cortante sería: V ((t)) = ⎛⎝e -0.826 ⋅ t ⋅ ((22.231 ⋅ cos ((16.49 ⋅ t)) + 33.469 ⋅ sin ((16.49 ⋅ t))))⎞⎠ ton
45
37.5
30
22.5
15
7.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-7.5
-15 tx
-22.5
-30
-37.5
SOLUCIÓN:
Una solución ideal para este problema, sería crear edificios destinados a
SOLUCIÓN:
Una solución ideal para este problema, sería crear edificios destinados a
cocheras ("cocheras comunitarias") cada tres cuadras, de modo que sean
ocupados por los vehículos de los habitantes de la zona circundante. De
esta manera, los edificios restantes no tendrían la necesidad de reservar
espacios para estos vehículos y los muros serían continuos.
Para el caso de edificios existentes con "Piso Blando", habría que resolver
el problema mediante la rigidización de este piso con la adición de muros
de concreto armado o contraventeados sin importar que se pierdan algunos
espacios, ya que lo peor sería perder el edificio completo, incluyendo los
vehículos, e incluso hasta vidas humanas
SOLUCIÓN:
Uso de junta sísmica, en este caso, se calcula usando nuestra normativa E-030
Para la ecuación A) es de la forma: x (t) = A ⋅ sin (w ⋅ t) + B ⋅ cos (w ⋅ t) y le corresponde a una vibración libre
Hallamos ahora su desplazamiento máximo A ≔ 0.0024 B ≔ 0.10 u ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
máx A 2 + B 2 = 0.1
por lo que le corresponde al registro 2
Para la ecuación B) es de la forma: x (t) = B ⋅ sin (w ⋅ t) + C ⋅ sin (Ω ⋅ t) y le corresponde a una vibración forzada sin amortiguar
eso quiere decir que habrá tiempos en los que el desplazamiento máximo sea el mismo, por lo que el único que cumple con eso es el
registro 6, además:
umáx ≔ 0.03 + 0.03 ⋅ 2.38 = 0.101
Para la ecuación C) es de la forma: x ((t)) ≔ e -ξ ⋅ wn ⋅ t ⋅ ⎛⎝A ⋅ cos ⎛⎝wD ⋅ t⎞⎠ + B ⋅ sin ⎛⎝wD ⋅ t⎞⎠⎞⎠ y le corresponde a una vibración amortiguada