Analysis of MS' rules for allocating

heating, cooling and hot water costs

in multi-apartment/purpose building
supplied from collective systems

Luca Castellazzi
The European Commission’s
science and knowledge service
Joint Research Centre

2nd Plenary Meeting Concerted Action for the EED

Vienna, 22/3/2018
The Joint Research Centre
at a glance
JRC is the European
Commission's in-house
science service

3000 staff
Almost 75% are scientists
and researchers.
Headquarters in Brussels
and research facilities
located in 5 Member States.

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Role of JRC in the EED and EPBD implementation

• Assessment of NEEAPs
• Annual Report analysis
• Assessment of Art.4 Building Renovation strategies
• Art.18 – ESCO support
• Art. 7 – Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme
• Art.5 – Central government building
• Art. 9-11 – metering and billing
• Art. 19 – Split incentives
• Evaluation of MS Cost-optimal reports

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EED 2012/27/EU Article 9(3)

"Where multi-apartment buildings are supplied from a common

heating or cooling systems, Member States MAY introduce

transparent rules on the allocation of the cost of thermal or hot
water consumption in such buildings to ensure transparency and
accuracy of accounting for individual consumption…"

Revised EED – DRAFT VERSION

"...SHALL ensure they have in place transparent, publicly
available national rules on the allocation of the costs..."

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Systematic overview existing cost allocation rules

Characterised in term of key features:

• Permitted range share of variable/fixed costs

• Use of correction factors related to flat location in the building

• Use of MIN/MAX individual heat cost thresholds

• Type of building common areas thermal cost allocation rules

• Use of default values or penalties

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Status of thermal cost allocation rules introduction in EU

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3
9

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Overview of space heating/cooling and DHW allocation rules

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Variable and fixed costs of thermal energy provisions

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 Permitted ranges of the share of variable/fixed space
heating costs in MS

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Permitted ranges of the share of variable/fixed DHW costs

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Use of correction factors in MS thermal cost allocation rules

In a multi-apartment building some dwellings may naturally be

colder because of their unfavourable location

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Use of correction factors in MS thermal cost allocation rules

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3
4

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Use of MIN/MAX individual heat cost limits thresholds

3
7
9

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 Building common areas thermal cost allocation rules

6
2

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Introduction of penalties / default values

Well-designed individual heat cost allocation rules also include

appropriate and effective penalties or incentives:

Slovenia: a tenant, who either does not allow installation,

reading of, or damaging metering devices, is charged three
times the building average consumption costs

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Conclusion
• 16 MS introduced thermal cost allocation rules

• Significant cost share on metered consumption (50-70%)

• Different approaches in the use of Correction Factors

• Some MS introduced MIN/MAX cost limits

• Different approaches on common area allocation rules

There is no one solution that fits all!

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The JRC report is available here:
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/

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 Thank you for your attention!

Luca.Castellazzi@ec.europa.eu

DG Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Directorate C.2 Energy, Transport and Climate
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies Unit
Tel +39 0332 78 9977
http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
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Use of MIN/MAX individual heat cost limits

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