MTP (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE Model Answer

Set - I

GROUP - A
1.
1.1. (c) It primarily helps in germination of seed
1.2. (b) Oestrogen maintain pregnancy
1.3. (c) A - (iii) B - (i) C (iv) D - (ii)
1.4. (d) In-S phase DNA replication and duplication of chromosome occurs.
1.5. (b) Fragmentation-Spirogyra
1.6. (b) II, IV
1.7. (d) 4
1.8. (a) The phenotypic ratio of incomplete dominance is 1 : 2 : 1
1.9. (d) 25%
1.10. (c) Darwin-Inheritance of Acquired character
1.11. (b) Eohippus – Mesohippus – Merychippus – Pliohippus – Equus
1.12. (a) Retia mirabilia
1.13. (c) 4
1.14. (c) Coal mine
1.15. (c) Polar bear
GROUP - B
2.  Fill in the blanks :
2.1. Hydrotropic movement

2.2. Fruit

2.3. Y

2.4. Analogous

2.5. Biomagnification

2.6. Swarpagandha / Rauwolfia serpentina

True or False :
2.7. True
2.8. True
2.9. True
2.10. False
2.11. False
2.12. False
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

 Column Matching :
Column - A Column - B
2.13. Feed back regulation (f) TSH - Thyroxine
2.14. Hypermetropia (d) Near vision is defective
2.15. Deuteranopia (b) Colour blindness
2.16. Hot dilute soup (c) Haldane
2.17. Biosphere Reserve (a) Insitu conservation
2.18. Cell cycle (e) Check point

 Single word or single sentence answer :

2.19. Insulin
2.20. Lens and ciliary muscle
2.21. Furrowing / cleavage
2.22. Incomplete dominance
2.23. RwYg
2.24. For conservaton of water / reduce rate of transpiration.
2.25. Acid rain / Air pollution
2.26. Eastern Himalaya Hot spot
GROUP - C
3.
Eyes instantly produce
3.1. The bowler deliver the The batsman watched
an impulse which is carried
ball to the batsman. the ball by eyes
through the optic nerve to brain.
(Action) (Photo receptor)
(Nerve centre)

The batsman plays The response is carried

to the arms and palms Brain produces a
the ball according
(Effector) where suitable response to
to response
the batsman is holding the impulse.
(Effect)
the bat.

3.2.  Sunflower : Photonasty

 Tulip : Thermonasty
Sundew (Drosera) : Chemonasty

 Mimosa : Seismonasty

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 2
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

3.3.  Increase blood pressure due to anxiety : Andrenalin / Epinephrine.

 Regulation of BMR : Thyroxine
 Converts glucose into glycogen within liver and muscle cells : Insulin
 Maturation of testis and sperm production : Testosterone.
3.4. Proper sequence of different refractive media of eyeball :
Cornea  Aqueous humor  Lens  Vitreous humor.

3.5. Subject Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

Number of Offsprings are produced from a single Parents of opposite sexes are essential.
parents parental organism.
Nature of The offsprings become identical with The offsprings show resemblance with
offspring parental organism and become less parental organisms or may attain new features
adaptive as no variation is formed. if variations are formed and exhibit more
adaptation.

3.6.  Through the reduction in the chromosome number consistancy of chromosome number in a species is
maintained.
 Through the exchange of chromatid segments reshuffing of genes takes place resulting the formation of
hybrids with more adaptive power (heterosis) / Variation in organisms takes place.
3.7.  Paddy : Air


Hydrilla : Water
Shimul : Bird
 Mango : Insect

3.8. Characters Dominant Recessive

(i) Shape of seed Round Wrinkled
(ii) Colour of cotyledon Yellow Green
(iii) Position of flower Axial Terminal
(iv) Colour of flower Violet White

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 3
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

3.9. Father × Mother +

P1
44AA + XY 44AA + XX

Gamates : 22A + X 22A + Y 22A + X 22A + X

F1 44AA + XX 44AA + XX 44AA + XY 44AA + XY

Daughter Daughter Son Son

3.10. Causes of Thalassemia : Mutation of -globin gene in chromosome no. 16 causes -Thalassemia and
mutation of -globin gene in chromosome no. 11 causes . thalassemia. Thalassemia is an autosomal
recessive disease.
3.11. In human being, vermiform appendix is an example of vestigeal organ. It exhibits structural complexity of
modern animals as well as behavioural changes, food habits occurs in those animal. So it supports organic
evolution.
3.12. Adaptive significance of RBC of Camel :
(i) RBC of camel is oval in shape which resist clumping in extreme water loss (dehydration). Plasma volume
is maintained by absorbing tissue fluid, so that circulation is not impaired.
(ii)Due to small and oval shape RBCs may be circulated in tiny blood vessels easily. Besides the RBC cells
can expand about 240% of their original size without bursting.
3.13. (i) Termites are favourite food of chimpanzee. They break the the twigs of plants and tear out the leaves from
those twigs. Then they use the stick as a tool to dig into the termite mound and fish the termites out of the
mound.
(ii)Some time it has been observed that chimpanzees use a piece of wood or smaller stones as hammer and
large flat stones as an anvil in order to break open nuts.
3.14.  Green house gases : Global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion.


SPM : Allergy, asbestosis, anthracosis, bisinosis, respiratory diseases (Asthma, bronchitis)

Chemical fertilizers used in agriculture Water pollution, eutrophication, soil infertility, cancer.
Non-biodegradable chemical insecticide : Biomagnification.

3.15. It is established that various environmental toxins or poisons may cause cancer. Carcinogens present in
smokes of cigarette and Bidi, pesticides, herbicides and radioactive substances have the potential to cause
cancer. Cilica and asbestos in environment can trigger cancer.
3.16. (i) High species richness and endemism.
(ii)Degree of threat which is measured in terms of habitat loss.

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 4
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

3.17.  Singalila National Park : Red Panda



Sundarban Biosphere Reserve : Tiger

Lothian Island : Crocodile

Kaziranga National Park : One horned Rhino.

GROUP - D
4.1.

Skin
Nerve Centre
Sensory Nerve

Receptor

Motor Nerve
Muscle (Effector organ)

A typical reflex arc.

OR

Nucleolar
Telomere Chromatid Centromere
organizer

Diagram of an ideal eukaryotic chromosome

4.2. Difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin :
Subject Euchromatin Heterochromatin
 Coiling It remains uncoiled or lightly coiled in It remains highly coiled in interphase nucleus
interphase nucleus and highly coiled and less coiled in divisible nucleus.
in divisible nucleus.
 Activity Genetically active Genetically inactive

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 5
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

 Features of meiotic cell division :

(i) Meiosis takes place in primordial germ cell.
(ii) Separation of homologous chromosomes takes place in meiosis-I. Separation of chromatids takes place
in meiosis–II.
(iii) In meiosis, chromosome number of daughter cells becomes half of parental cells that is why called
reductional division.
(iv) Crossing over of chromosomes takes place during meiosis. That means, segments of non-sister chromatids
of homologous chromosomes are interchanged.
OR
I follow cutting method because it is the commonest artificial method of vegetative reproduction. Roots arise
from the underground cut end and stimulated by plant hormone like IAA, IBA etc. Adventitious buds develop
from upper part which grows into shoot.


Spore mother Meiosis

Mitosis cell (2n)

Sporogonium Spore (n)

of leaf (2n)

Sorus (2n) Gametophytic

phase (n) Prothallus (n)

Fern plant (2n)

Sporophytic Antheridium (n) Archaegonium (n)
phase (2n)

Development Sperm mother cell (n) Ovum mother cell (n)

and maturation
of embryo (2n) Mitosis

Sperm (n) Ovum (n)

Fertilization

Zygote
(2n)

Word diagram showing alternation of generation in Fern

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 6
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

4.3. Reason behind Mendel's success :

(i) The experimental material the pea plant taken by Mendel is easy to culture and its generation time is
reasonably short.
(ii) Mendel repeated his experiments many times to accumulate a good deal of data for statistical analysis.
(iii) Mendel conducted his experiment with extreme care and considered one or two pairs of contrasting
character of pea plant for monohybrid and dihybrid cross.
The phenotype of father is normal. It means that the gene responsible for formation of colour vision is normal
present on X chromosome (X+). The genotype of father is AA + X+Y.
The phenotype of mother is normal. It means
(i) Either both genes responsible for colour vision are normal and present on both X-chromosomes (X+). Her
genotype is AA + X+X+
(ii) OR, One of her X-chromosome bears normal gene (X+) and the other X-chromosome carries the gene (XC)
for colour blindness (Normal but carrier mother). Here genotype is AA + X+XC.
Reproduction between carrier mother (normal) and normal father will produce colour blind son (50%) which is
shown below in checkerboard.

Cross : Father × Carrier Mother

(Normal) (Normal)
Genotype : + + C
AA + X Y AA + X X
Gamete :
+ + C
A+X A+Y A+X A+X

 A + X+ A+Y
+
+ + +
A+X+ AA+X X AA+X Y
Normal Normal
daughter Son
+ C C
AA+X X AA+X Y
C Normal
A+X Colour
but
blind
carrier
son
daughter

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 7
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

[OR]

Pure Yellow Round Pure Green Wrinkled

P (Parent generation) : YYRR yyrr

Gametes : YR yr

Y = Yellow Dominant
F1 (First filial YyRr R = Round character
generation) : Yellow Round
(Hybrid) y = Green Recessive
r = Wrinkled character
Self fertilization

Gamete of : F1 YR Yr yR yr

Female gametes ( + )

YR Yr yR yr

YYRR YYRr YyRR YyRr

YR Yellow round Yellow round Yellow round Yellow round

YYRr YYrr YyRr Yyrr

F2 : Yr Yellow round Yellow wrinkled Yellow round Yellow wrinkled
(Second
filial
yR YyRR YyRr yyRR yyRr
generation)
Yellow round Yellow round Green round Green round

yr YyRr Yyrr yyRr yyrr

Yellow round Yellow wrinkled Green round Green wrinkled

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 8
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

Phenotype and genotype ratio of F2 generation :

Genotypic Phenotypic
Sl. No. Phenotype Genotype
ratio ratio
YYRR 1

YYRr 2
1. Yellow Round 9
YyRR 2

YyRr 4

YYrr 1
2. Yellow Wrinkled 3
Yyrr 2

yyRR 1
3. Green Round 3
yyRr 2

4. Green Wrinkled yyrr 1 1

 Phenotypic ratio = 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
 Genotypic ratio = 1 : 2 : 2 : 4 : 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 1
From this dihybrid cross Mendel formulated his second law : Law of independent assortment.
Law of independent assortment :
Two or more pairs of contrasting factors or genes for two or more characters of an organism segregate
independently during gamete formation appearing in all possible combinations in the gametes.
4.4. If a comparative study is made with embryos of different vertebrates (such as fish, amphibia, reptilia, aves and
mammalia), striking similarity is observed among the embryos as follows :
(i) Similar external branchial grooves, presence of external pharyngeal gill slits.
(ii) Presence of a series of internal paired gill pouches.
(iii) Presence of segmental myotomes (muscle blocks) in the tail like structure.
Above mentioned general embryonic features, prove that all vertebrates had evolved from a common ancestor.
 Inheritance of acquired characters :
It is a postulate of Lamarckism which states that the characters which are acquired by an organism by
use or disuse during its life time are inherited by the offsprings and this process is continued in successive
generations.

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 9
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

OR
Three adaptive features of the Sundari plant to tolerate excess salinity are :
(i) A waxy cover on the surface of the leaf which protects the tissues of the leaf from the harmful effect of the
salts present in atmospheric water vapour.
(ii) Special salt gland present in Sundari leaf eliminate excess salt absorbed from the soil along with water.
(iii) Often excess salt is stored in special cells in the leaf and on the bark of Sundari. The salt is eliminated
when the leaves and bark are shed.
 In a honey comb, there are two types of worker bees, of which, scouts go in the search of food and foragers
fetch nectar. When any scout bee finds a source of food, it returns to its hive and performs a typical pattern of
dance in front of the foragers to pass the message through two types of dance.
(i) Waggle dance : If the source of food is at a distance of more than 75 metres (75 – 100 metres) they
perform waggle dance where they fly in alternate left and right directions to create an ‘8’ shaped course
and at the straight middle portion of the course, jerk the abdomen.
(ii) Circular dance : When the source of food is at a distance within 50 – 75 metres, the scouts perform the
circular dance.
4.5. Cause of Asthma :
(i) Plant pollen grain or fungal spore.
(ii) Dust and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
(iii) Animal dander
(iv) Man made triggers such as smoke (from combustion of coal or oil in domestic house or industry), SO2,
NO2 produced from chemical industries.
 The causes of fresh water pollution are discussed below :
(i) Agricultural wastes : During the heavy shower, the toxic materials like insecticides, herbicides etc are
washed out from the agricultural fields and mix in the fresh water bodies to make the water polluted.
(ii) Industrial wastes : Chemical factories dispose waste matters in streams, which contain many harmful
metals like lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury etc. All these elements causes water pollution.
(iii) Domestic sewage : Domestic sewage contain several organic matters, detergents, excreta etc. which
carry numerous pathogenic germs. These materials when disposed in fresh water bodies, it become
polluted.
(iv) Indiscriminate use : The pond water in village areas is used indiscriminately for washing, bathing of man
and domestic animals. This practice makes the water polluted.

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 10
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

OR
Nitrogen cycle takes place in four stages –
Nitrogen fixation Ammonification Nitrification Denitrification.

These steps are explained below with the help of a flow diagram :

Atmospheric Nitrogen(N 2 (
(a) through electric discharge, lightning
Pseudomonas, Return of Nitrogen from and rainfall
Thiobacillus soil to atmosphere
Fixation of (b) Through nitrogen fixing microbes
nitrogen (i) by free living Microbes
Denitrification in soil (Cyanobacteria, Azotobactor,
Clostridium)
(ii) Symbiotic bacteria (Rhizobium)

(c) by application of nitrogen

rich-fertilizer

Entrance of
Nitrate in soil Nitrogen from Plant Animal
– soil to the body protein protein
(NO 3 )
of living organisms
(mainly in plant body)

Excretion and
Nitrobacter Nitrification decomposition
of dead organisms
and formation of urea

Ammonification
Nitrite in soil
–
(NO 2 ) Bacillus mycoides

Nitrosomonas
Ammonia
Re-entrance of nitrogen from (NH3 )
living organism to soil (Nitrification)

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 11
 M.T.P. – I (2020-21) LIFE SCIENCE MODEL ANSWER

4.6.  Modification of the Prey Predator balance :

The number of dear and other herbivore animals in terrestrial ecosystem and the number of fishes and crabs
in aquatic ecosystem of Sundarban have drastically reduced over the last few years due to several natural
disasters, gradual shrinking of forest areas increased concentration of salinity in water and conflict with
human. It jeopardises the existences of top carnivores like tiger and crocodiles.
 Destruction of Mangrove plants due to urbanization :
Mangrove plants are destructed indiscriminately with the increase in the density of human population. It
intensities erosion of soil and occurance of storm. As a result bio diversities dependent on those mangrove
plants tend to decrease in population.
 Submergence of Islands :
Increased number of Islands (Ghoramara, Lohachara) are getting submerged due to increase in sea level.
As a result the habitat of so many species like tiger, turtle etc. are getting shrunk.
Roles of Biodiversity :
 Climate control : Climate condition is maintained by the interaction of diverse plants, animals as well as
microbes through biochemical cycle and conservation of biodiversity.
 Maintenance of ecological balance : Ecological balance is maintained by producers (plants), consumers
(animals) and decomposers (microbes) through food chain, food web and energy flow.
OR
Causes of depletion of biodiversity :
(i) Habitat destruction : Due to increased population pressure, the forest areas are cleared and converted
into agricultural, residential or industrial areas. Laying of road ways and railway tracks through forest land
is squeezing the natural habitat of wild animals and plants.
Example : Tiger, one horned rhinoceros etc.
(ii) Hunting and Poaching : Tigers, Rhino, Elephant, Lions became endangered due to indiscriminate
hunting. Poachers kill animals for tusks, horns, skins etc. These practices cut down the population of
different animals.
(iii) Over exploitation : Ayurvedic medicine producers collect huge quantity of medicinal herbs or plants
(Rauwolfia) from forest. As a result, the number of several medicinally important plants have reduced
significantly. Excessive use of wood plants, fishes etc. for their economic importance, their number
reduced excessively.
 Two endangered species of mammal in India :
(i) Tiger
(ii) One horn rhino
(iii) Red Panda
(iv) Asiatic lion (Any two)

PATHFINDER EDUCATIONAL CENTRE  H.O.  2455 1840  Behala  2409 8282  Dum Dum  2548 8321  Bally  2671 5407  Howrah  2677 9745 12