FORMAT FOR CASE ANALYSIS THROUGH CONCEPT MAPPING

I. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

A burn is damage to your body's tissues caused by heat,

chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. Scalds from hot liquids and steam, building
fires and flammable liquids and gases are the most common causes of burns. Another
kind is an inhalation injury, caused by breathing smoke. There are three types of burns:
First-degree burns damage only the outer layer of skin, second-degree burns damage
the outer layer and the layer underneath, and third-degree burns damage or destroy the
deepest layer of skin and tissues underneath.

Burns can cause swelling, blistering, scarring and, in serious cases, shock, and
even death. They also can lead to infections because they damage your skin's
protective barrier. Treatment for burns depends on the cause of the burn, how deep it is,
and how much of the body it covers. Antibiotic creams can prevent or treat infections.
For more serious burns, treatment may be needed to clean the wound, replace the skin,
and make sure the patient has enough fluids and nutrition.

Burns are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 180 000
deaths annually. The majority of these occur in low- and middle-income countries and
almost two thirds occur in the WHO African and South-East Asia regions. In many high-
income countries, burn death rates have been decreasing, and the rate of child deaths
from burns is currently over 7 times higher in low- and middle-income countries than in
high-income countries. Non-fatal burns are a leading cause of morbidity, including
prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement and disability, often with resulting stigma and
rejection. Unlike other South-East Asian countries, there are no national statistics for
burns injuries in the Philippines. In 2005-2009 it was determined that fires caused 263
deaths, 749 injuries and impacted 133,674 individuals – but this is fires alone, and
excludes contact burns, scalds, chemical, electrical and radiation burns (Velasco,
2013). 458 criminal burns cases were reported in 2013-2014, making it the 8th most
common criminally-caused injury, but many victims may be reluctant to report injuries to
the police, and most burns injuries are accidental (Rivera et al., 2018). Other than these
studies, there are no statistics on burns injuries in the Philippines, representing a huge
research gap.

Research to improve outcomes from burn injuries rely on a better understanding of the
factors related to the injury including the pathophysiology, barriers to treatment, and factors that
increase morbidity and mortality.

II.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

A. Diagram

ETIOLOGY
(CAUSATIVE/PREDISPOSING/
PRECIPIATING) SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

SPECIFIC TO THE
DISEASE MECHANISM

DIAGNOSTIC
EVALUATION/TOOLS
DISEASE PROCESS

MANAGEMENT TO
THE SPECIFIC SSX
MEDICAL,
PHARMA, NURSING

IF NOT TREATED

MEDICAL
SURGICAL
NURSING PROGNOSIS
PROGNOSIS IF TREATED

Management

menttnt