PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS

Oleh :
Moch. Amrun Hidayat, M.Farm., Apt.
 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
The bicyclic pyrrolizidine nucleus is
formed by the utilization of two moles of
ornithine and this pathway is accomplished
via the intermediate putrescine.
 Distribusi
Leguminosae/Fabaceae (e.g., Crotalaria);
Compositae/Asteraceae (e.g., Senecio); and
Boraginaceae (e.g., Heliotropium,
Symphytum, and Cynoglossum)
 Karakteristik
Banyak terdpt pada genus Senecio, famili
Compositae → hepatotoksik konstituen
Beberapa alkaloid pirolizidin memiliki efek
karsinogenik & mutagenik → perhatian khusus
karena terdpt pd produk herbal Comfrey
(Boraginaceae) & Coltsfoot (Compositae)
Indicine-N-oxide → antitumor
Australine → biji Castanospermum australe
fam Leguminosae : tetrahidroksipirolizidin
alkaloid → inhibisi aktivitas glikosidase
 Distribution
The pyrrolizidine bases do not occur in their
free form, but are mostly found as esters
with rare mono-or di-basic acids, the necic
acids
The two important alkaloids of this category
are, namely: Retronecine and Senecionine
 Retronecine
It is obtained from the herbs of
Heliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae)
(Heliotrope, Turnsole)
The plant is used for cancer and is popularly
known as “Herbe Du Cancer” in Europe.

It is also used for

snakebite and scorpion
stings.
Heliotropium europaeum
 Senecionine (Aureine)
The hepatotoxic alkaloid is obtained from :
The whole plant of Senecio vulgaris L.
(Compositae);
Weed of Senecio aureus L. (Asteraceae)
(Squaw Weed, Liferoot, Golden
Groundsel);
Preblooming plant of Tussilago farfara L.
(Asteraceae) (Coltsfoot, Coughwort,
Horse-Hoof).
Senecio vulgaris
Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot)
 Symphytum officinale

Dikenal sejak lama sbg obat herbal untuk

rematik, penyakit paru & lambung
Saat ini tidak digunakan p.o. karena
kandungan alkaloid pirolizidin yg
hepatotoksik
Akar mgd alantoin (0,6-0,8 %)→ pemakaian
topikal u/ luka eksternal
Symphytum officinale
(Comfrey)
 Senecionine (Aureine)
It is used as an excellent drug to control
pulmonary hemorrhage

It is also used to
hasten labour and
check the pains of
parturition
Thank You
Any questions?