Bus 1103

Written Assignment Unit 5

Joseph Phiri (Instructor)
Date: 30 September – 06 October
 Introduction

Our environment is the most important part of our lives, and I believe this is the
responsibilities each person to take care and take part to restore the environment to back
the way it was or at least stop destroying it more and more. What I have learned is that
one person or one society can not make a big change, it would be more effective when we
all around the world try our best to consider our environment as priority.

According to World Economic Forum, “Burning gas, coal and oil results in three times as
many deaths as road traffic accidents worldwide and it is estimated that air pollution has a
$2.9 trillion economic cost, equating to 3.3 percent of the world's GDP. In 2018, the
report estimates that it was linked to 4.5 million deaths with PM2.5 pollution also
responsible for 1.8 billion days of work absence, 4 million new cases of child asthma and
2 million preterm births.

It can have an impact on the economy in many forms such as higher rates of asthma,
diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases leading to reduced ability to work and lower
participation rates in the labour force. Children susceptible to asthma attacks also miss
school days, impacting their learning while healthcare requirements can result in their
guardians also taking extra time off work. According to the report, disability from chronic
diseases cost the world's economy $200 billion in 2018, with sick leave and preterm
births costing $100 billion and $90 billion respectively” (World Economic Forum, 2021).

1. Choose one of the approaches listed below on protecting elephants from

poachers in African countries.  
In this part I am choosing article B.
B. The government sets up national parks and designates ten villages around the
park's edges as official tourist centers that become places where tourists can
stay and bases for guided tours inside the national park. 

Well, when government proceed projects, such as creating bazars and markets and hotels
around national parks, indeed, this will help locals to earn good amount of money and will try
to keep the area clean and help the animals to be habited.
According to world travel and tourism council “Across the world, national parks allow for the
preservation of astounding biodiversity in countless different environments. National Parks on
every continent and within every environment are responsible for the preservation of land,
animals, and habitats. However, the establishment and management of national parks is not
without controversy, and there are policies and actions governments can take to better ensure
that our global national parks systems live up to their potential for sustainability and
responsibility” (world travel and tourism council, 2021).
 2. Depending on the approach you have chosen (A or B), explain how the incentives
will affect the local villagers, who are often very poor. 
according to science daily, (Often people have lamented that the poorest of the poor live on
the edge of the parks, and the assumption is that it's the parks that are keeping people poor
and people say we can't afford to protect biodiversity" if that inflicts further economic
hardship on people who are already poor” (science daily, 2021).
So, from my perspective there could be some standardized system to help the poor local to
have a standard live. One of the ways would be to create the business opportunity for them
and with help of some microfinance banks they will be able to start their business. And at the
same time the government can help them by normal income for 12 bis 24 months, in this way
the local have chance to take care of their lives and their business.

3. Which approach (A or B) seems more likely to help the elephant population?

In my point of view, B will help much more then any other choices, but we should take this
in our consideration that locals around national parks are having more capability to help the
elephants population. However, this is not just the job of locals to protect the elephants or
wildlife, the government and international NGOs should educate the locals around the
national park, how to behave with wildlife.

4. Discuss the practice of poaching elephants and the need for environmental
protection? 
The animals and wildlife should never be poached, and local government and international
law should stop this by at least find should be life sentence. According to Lab roots” Without
intervention to stop poaching, as much as 96 percent of Central Africa's forests will undergo
major changes in tree-species composition and structure as local populations of elephants are
extirpated, and surviving populations are crowded into ever-smaller forest remnants”
(Labroots, 2021).

5. Explain how the practice of poaching elephants is a negative externality?

As there are many logical reasons involved, there are also many scientific reasons which this
will has negative externalities. According to Lab roots one of the important negative
externalities would be “Many of Central Africa's forests are nitrogen limited. Elephants help
compensate by moving nutrients, especially nitrogen, across the landscape as they defecate. If
populations continue to shrink, this nitrogen will be concentrated in smaller and smaller
areas, limiting future tree growth elsewhere” (Lab roots, 2021).
Conclusion
I have read a very important article about the Wildlife, and we should consider it too,”
Wildlife helps in maintaining the eco-logical balance of nature. Killing of carnivores leads to
an increase in the number of herbivores which in turn affect the forest vegetation, thus due to
lack of food in the forest they come out from the forest to agriculture land and destroy our
crops” (GVG 1702, 2021).
Reference
Greenlaw, S. A. &  Shapiro, D. (2018). Principles of microeconomics, 2e. Open Stax Rice
University. https://d3bxy9euw4e147.cloudfront.net/oscms-
prodcms/media/documents/Microeconomics2e-OP.pdf

World Economic Forum, (2021). This is the global economic cost of pollution. World
Economic Forum. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/02/the-economic-
burden-of-air-pollution#:~:text=Burning%20gas%2C%20coal%20and%20oil,4.5%20million
%20deaths%20with%20PM2

World travel and tourism council, (2021). How national parks around the world influence
sustainable tourism development. Retrieved from:
https://worldtraveltourismcouncil.medium.com/how-national-parks-around-the-world-
influenced-sustainable-tourism-development-6e149cfc0688

Labroots, (2021). Elephants poaching impacts the entire Ecosystem. Lab Roots. Retrieved
from: https://www.labroots.com/trending/plants-and-animals/8258/elephant-poaching-
impacts-entire-ecosystem
Global virtual glass room, (2021). Importance of wildlife. Retrieved from:
https://sites.google.com/gsbi.org/gvc1702/wildlife/india/importance-of-wildlife

Word count 1028