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*(c) Cholesterol is transported in the blood as lipoproteins LDL and HDL.

In one study, the relationship between total blood cholesterol and the risk of

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death from CVD was investigated.
The results are shown in the graph.

30
Percentage of deaths due to CVD (%)

Key
25
Northern-Europe
20 United States
Southern-Europe,
15
inland
10 Southern-Europe,
mediterranean
5

0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5

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Total cholesterol / mmol dm–3
Graph 1

In another study, the effect of the size of LDL and the ratio of total blood
cholesterol to HDL on the relative risk of CVD was investigated.
The results are shown in the graph.

5–
Ratio of total blood
cholesterol to HDL
4– Key
Relative risk of CVD

<6
3–
>6
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2–

1–

0–
Small Large
Size of LDL molecule
Graph 2

20
*S58687A02022*
24 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Biology –
Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – September 2017 © Pearson Education Limited 2017