SCHOOL OF SAINT MATTHIAS, INC

Brgy. 04, Tumauini, Isabela

S. Y. 2021-2022

CREATIVE
WRITING
Quarter 1 – Module 5&6:
Literary Technique and
Devices of Fiction

LEARNING PACKAGE
Topics:
Literary Technique and Devices of Fiction
Content Standard:
The learners have an understanding of fiction as a genre and are able to
analyze its elements and techniques.
Performance Standard:
The learners shall be able to produce at least one striking scene for a short
story

Most Essential Learning Competency:

 Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in various modes
of fiction HUMSS_CW/MPIg-i-11
 Write journal entries and other short compositions exploring key elements of
fiction

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, the learners are expected to:
 Read and analyze a variety of fiction
 Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices
 Write a fiction
 Analyze how these elements and techniques were used in the stories.

PRAYER
Good morning class! Before we start our lesson, let us first feel the presence of the
Lord.
COME HOLY SPIRIT
Come Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your faithful and kindle in them the fire of your
love.
V. Send forth your Spirit, and they shall be created.
R. And You shall renew the face of the earth.
Let us pray.
O, God, who by the light of the Holy Spirit, did instruct the hearts of the faithful,
grant that by the same Holy Spirit we may be truly wise and ever enjoy His
consolations. Through Christ Our Lord. Amen.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON

This module will help you to deepen your understanding about creative
writing .
LESSON 3: Elements of Fiction

A fiction is defined as "a series of imagined facts which illustrates truths about
human life." It is a story written about imaginary characters and events and not based
on real people and facts.
CHARACTERS
A character is a person, animal, or imaginary creature

2 Kinds of Characters:
Protagonist; main character or hero
Antagonist: another character which causes conflict for the protagonist. The
antagonist can be a character, society or object.

Characterization
• A description of individuals in a story

4 ways to develop a Character:

1. Physical Description of Character
2. Character's Speech Thought, and Actions
3. The Speech Thoughts, and Actions of Other Characters
4. Eye Awakening Situation

SETTING
 Where and When a story takes place
 Is the time and location that a story takes place
1. Place - What is the geographical location/ Mountains, forest, desert?
2. Time - what is the historical period, time of day, or year?
3. Weather conditions-Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?
4. Social conditions - What is the daily life of the character's like? Does the story
contain local color (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs,
etc. of a particular place)?
5. Mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created in the story? Sad, happy or
scared?

POINT OF VIEW
 The angle or perspective from which the story is told (Who tells the story)
 The point of view is divided into two main types:
- First person point of view
- Third person point of view

PLOT
Plot is the author's arrangement of events in the story. It has a beginning, middle
and end. More specifically, the plot follows the Freytag pyramid:

Plot - Exposition
The beginning part of a story that:
• Sets the tone
• Establishes the setting
• Introduces the characters
• Gives the reader important background information

Plot - Rising Action

Series of actions which lead the story to the climax

Plot- Climax
 "turning point" of the story"
The climax is the point of maximum interest. It usually occurs toward the end of the
story, after the reader has understood the conflict and become emotionally involved
with the characters. At the climax, the outcome of the plot becomes clear.

Plot - Falling Action

 Occurs after the climax
 Conflicts are beginning to be resolved-loose ends are tied up

Plot - Resolution/ Denouement

 Part of the story where the problem or conflict is solved
 Occurs after the climax and falling action "the end".
CONFLICT
 Struggle between a character and an opposing force
2 Kinds of Conflict:
Internal Conflict
External Conflict

External Conflict
 Struggle between a character and an opposing outside force such as society,
nature or another character.
 Man vs. Man
 Man vs. Nature
 Man vs. Society.
 Man vs. Animal
 Man vs. Machine

Internal Conflict
 Struggle within a character's mind
 Usually occurs when a character has to make a decision or to deal with feeling
 Man vs. Self

THEME
 The underlying message in a story that deals with life or human nature.
When determining theme, think about:
 The title
 The way a character changes and what they learn
 Big ideas such as courage and freedom

LESSON 4: Literary Technique and Devices of Fiction

A literary device is any specific aspect of literature, or a particular work,
which we can recognize, identify, interpret and/or analyze. Both literary elements and
literary techniques can rightly be called literary devices.

Literary techniques are specific, deliberate constructions language which an

author uses to convey meaning. As author's use of a literary technique usually occurs
with a single word or phrase, or a particular group of words or phrases, at one single
point in a text. Unlike literary elements, literary techniques are not necessarily present
in every text.

The Most Common Literary Devices Are:

Alliteration
Is when a multiple words in a row, or close to one another, begin with the
same consonant.
Example:
Bad babies bother my brother.

Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds to set the mood or add to the meaning of the word.
Example:
"From the molten-golden notes"

Hyperbole
Is an expression which exaggerates an action so much that it cannot possibly
be true. It is often used to evoke strong feelings.
Example:
"I have been waiting here forever!"
Imagery/Sensory Language
Is the usage of words to create a mental image in a person, by appealing to one
of our senses. Imagery can be auditory or visual.
Example:
Phrases like clanging bells' or 'sweet smelling roses immediately evoke images
of the objects along with the associated sense once we read about them.

Irony
Is a contextual device that causes us to have expectations that are different
from the actual outcome. There are different types of irony; situational, wherein
something other than what we thought would happen happens; dramatic irony, where
a character does not know certain information which the audience already knows.
There is also verbal irony, in which a character says something but means something
else.
Example:
If your doctor is smoking while talking to you about cancer, it would be ironic.

Onomatopoeia
Is a technique of using words that are pronounced and sound just like what
they represent.
Example:
Words such as buzz or hiss when pronounced sound like the very sound they
represent.

Oxymoron
Is a term made of two words that are opposites of each other and therefore
imply each other's opposite..
Example:
'cruel love' or 'terrible beauty', are oxymoronic terms.

Personification
Is a technique used to give living, human characteristics to non-living objects.
Example:
'chatter of the brook' implies that a brook can perform a living action such as
chattering while it cannot, but conveys the sound.

Metaphor
Is also a comparison device, but without words such as like or as.
Example:
She is a real pitbull'

Simile
Is also a comparison device, using words such as like or as.
Example:
“Her voice was like s fork against a plate”

Rhetorical questions
Are questions which are asked but seem to require no answer. They are simply
language tools to convey an idea, but not actual questions which require an answer.
Example:
“If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice? This is a
rhetorical question that is asked simply for its effect. The speaker would not be
looking for an answer.

Repetition.
 Is when an author repeats a word or line multiple times to reinforce its
importance to the audience.
Example:
I do not like green eggs and ham is repeated in Dr. Suess' famous book to let
the reader know the man is stubborn and set in his ways. It also reinforces the central
message when the repetition is broken, I do so like green eggs and ham. Thank you,
thank you, Sam-I-Am'. Central message, you should always try something before you
say you dislike it.

Rhyme
Is when words end in a similar sound.
Example:
Mouse and house.

List of Literary Techniques

Technique Description
Allusion A reference to a recognized literary work, person, historic event,
artistic achievement, etc. That enhances the meaning of a detail in
a literary work
Climax The crisis or high point of tension that becomes the story's turning
point-the point at which the outcome. of the conflict is determined.
Conflict The struggle that shapes the plot in a story.
Dramatic Irony When the reader or audience knows more about the action than the
character involved.
Epiphany A profound and sudden personal discovery.
Exposition Setting and essential background information presented at the
beginning of a story or play.
Falling action A reduction in intensity following the climax in a story or play,
allowing the various complications to be worked out.
Fate An outside source that determines human events.
Figurative Language used in a non-literal way to convey images and ideas.
language
Figures of The main tools of figurative language, include similes and
Speech metaphors.
First-person Occurs when the narrator is a character in the story and tells the
point of view story from his or her perspective.
Flashback The description of an event that occurred prior to the action in the
story.
Foreshadowing A technique a writer uses to hint or suggest what the outcome of
an important conflict or situation in a narrative will be.
Imagery A distinct representation of something that can be experienced and
understood through the senses. (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and
taste), or the representation of an idea.
Irony A contradiction in words or actions. There are three types of irony:
verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Metaphor A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made
between one object and another that is different from it.
Objective point A detached point of view, evident when an external narrator does
of view not enter into the mind of any character in a story but takes an
objective stance, often to create a dramatic effect.
Persona Literally, in Latin, "a mask."
Plot A connecting element in fiction; a sequence of interrelated,
conflicting actions and events that typically build to a climax and
bring about a resolution.
Point of view The perspective of the narrator who will present the action to the
 reader.
Resolution The outcome of the action in a story or play.
Rising action Conflicts and circumstances that build to a high point of tension in
a story or play.
Situational irony When the outcome in a situation is the opposite of what is
expected.
Simile A figure of speech that compares two objects or ideas that are not
ordinarily considered to be similar, linked by using like or as.
Song A lyrical musical expression, a source of emotional outlet common
in ancient communities and still influential in contemporary
culture.
Symbol An object, person, or action that conveys two meanings: its literal
meaning and something it stands for.
Tone In a literary work, the speaker's attitude toward the reader or the
subject.
Verbal irony When words are used to convey a meaning that is opposite of their
literal meaning.

Read the story “The Landlady” by Roald Dahl. Click the link below to view the
story.
https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/explore-english-language-
culture/0/steps/163981

Literary devices are techniques that writers use to express their ideas

and enhance their writing. Literary devices highlight important concepts in a
text, strengthen the narrative, and help readers connect to the characters and
themes.
These devices serve a wide range of purposes in literature. Some might
work on an intellectual level, while others have a more emotional effect. They
may also work subtly to improve the flow and pacing of your writing. No matter
what, if you're looking to inject something special into your prose, literary
devices are a great place to start.

Reference:
Internet

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This is now the end of our module. I would like to congratulate you for being patient
and for exerting effort in finishing your task. May God continue to give you wisdom
and may he continue to bless and guide you in order to achieve your goals and
aspirations in life. God bless for your next task!