World

HISTORY
This book will guide you through
key events in world history, such as
where the first Olympic Games were
held, what happened in each of the
World Wars, and how countries around
the globe work with the United Nations.
Find out about the origins of mankind
more than 22 million years ago, and
understand the world we live in with
up-to-date information. More than
2,000 facts are accompanied by
hundreds of illustrations,
diagrams, and maps.

BG Juvenile
ISBN 978-1-4351-3625-0
5 09.98

9 l17 814 3511 36250l

Sandy Creek
NEW YORK
Printed in China
 Urban 11, pope 304 Vanir 261 Vili 258
Turkey (cont.) Vanuatu 92
first cities 38 Urban Vl, pope 314
Varangian Rus 254
villages,
Gauls 196 Urdu language 81 ancient Egypt 46
Varuna 82
Iron Age 30 Urnfield culture 210
Vasa 373
Anglo-Saxons
Aryans 80
241
Ottoman Empire 316, Uruk 38,176
Gustavus 470
447 USA 389, 389, 430, 43 1 Barbarians 226
Rome 161, 218 Cold War 468, 469, vassels 302 China 55
469
Vatican 268 first cities 38
Troy 126
World War 1445 colonists 355 Ve 258 Meso America 76
Turkish Ottoman farming 392 Vedas81 North America 186
Industrial Revolution Venezuela 411 Vikings 280
empire 480
Turkish Republic 447 394 Venice 412 villas 228, 229
Turks 360 industrial unrest 402 trade 312, 332 Vinland 255
Balkans 434, 435 Iran 480 Venus 150 Virgil 114, 115, 158
Israel 466 Venus de Milo 144 Virginia, North
Crusades 304, 305
Japan 472 Venus figurines 27 America 355, 389,
Napoleonic Wars 406
Jefferson 383 Vercingetorix 197 389, 419
Ottoman Empire 316,
317, 446, 447 Latin America 486 Verethragna 104 Vishnu 83, 84, 85, 87,
Oregon trail 424 Vermeer 356 104,
World War 1 445
Tutankhamun, pharaoh slaves 379 Veronica 209 Visigoths 219, 226
108-109, 108 United Nations 476, Versailles, France 371, Vistula river 276
Tuthmose IIL, pharaoh 477 371, 390 Vladimir, prince 254
132 Vietnam 478, 479 Vespucci, Amerigo 333 volcanoes 68, 204, 204,
Twain, Mark 430 World War I 445 Vesta 206 205,205
Twelve Tables 160 World War II 459, Vestal Virgins 206 Volga river 244
Tyre 148, 232 459 Vesuvius 204, 205 Voltaire 383, 404
USSR, Victor Emmanuel I, von Bismark, Otto 428
U breakup 482-483 king of Italy 413 Vortigern, king 229
Uganda 301 Cold War 468, 469, Victoria, queen of voyages of exploration
Ukraine 146, 264, 265, 469 England 432-433 332-333, 339
446 Lenin 450 Australia 420
Ulster Protestants 381 United Nations 476, British Empire 416 W
Ulster, Ireland 188, 400 477 India 386 Wace, Robert 285
Ulyanov, Vladimir Vietnam 478 Vienna, Wakefield, battle of
llyieh 450 World War II 458, Napoleon 399 318
Umar, caliph 246 459 Ottoman Empire 316 Wales 169
Uthman, caliph 246 revolution 408, 409 Wall Street Crash 431
Umayyad, caliph 246,
250 Viet Cong 478 Wallace, William 298
underworlds 72, 263 V Vietminh 478, 478 Wallenstein, Gustavus
Union of South Africa Vaisyas 81 Vietnam 468, 478-479 372
474 Valetta, Malta 316, 317 Viking myth 258, 260, Walsingham 363
United Kingdom 484 Valhalla 94, 261 261, 262 Wampanoag Indians
United Nations 466, Valkyries 261 Vikings 252-253, 253, 355
476-477 Valley of the Kings 108, 338, 470 war 30, 106-107
Universal Law 184, 185 109 Alfred the Great 248 War of Austrian
Upper Egypt 46, 70 Valmiki 86 Britain 241 Succession 404
Upright Man 18 Van Eyck 356 Byzantine empire 222 War of Independence
Ur, Mesopotamia 38, Vanaheim 262 life 256-257 388, 389
40, 41, 43, 88, 107 Vandals 132, 219, 226, monasteries 235 warhorses 326
Uranus 150 250 voyages 264-265 Warka 38

510
Vietnam
From 1883, Victnam, along with Cambodia and
Laos, was ruled by France as French Indochina.
As Germany invaded France in World War I1,
Japan took over Vietnam.
When Japan was defeated, in 1945,
Vietnamese communists-the Vietminh,
led by Ho Chi Minh-took over Vietnam.
British and Chinese troops reclaimed
Vietnam for the French, but the Vietminh
fought back. The French set up a State
of Vietnam under Emperor Bao Dai
to oppose the Vietminh.
A Ho Chi Minh, leader of the
I n 1954, the warring parties agreed to split
ommunist Vietminh.
Vietnam into the North under Ho Chi Minh
and the South under Bao Dai.
The Vietminh-backed Viet Cong started a rebellion in the South. In 1965,
the USA began to bomb North Vietnam, while the USSR and China
supplied them with arms.
As fighting escalated, Americans began to protest against US involvement
and in 1973, the US withdrew.
I n 1975, the Viet Cong captured Saigon, the capital of the South, and the
next year united North and South.
One million Vietnamese left as refugees, but by 2000, Vietnam was
developing quietly and some returned.
I n the 21st century, Vietnam's economy has expanded and the USA is now
the country's leading trade partner.

478
 The 0tt oman Empire
Empire was deteated by the Russians afer
In 1774, the Turkish Ottoman
.

to allow Russian ships to pass through the

six vear war, and was forced Mediterranean.
Straits from the Black Sea to the
weaker and weaker and wa
During the 1800s, the Ottoman Empire grew
statesmen.
called "the Sick Man of Europe" by foreign
In 1829, the Greeks fought a
successful war of independence against the

Turks. Other Balkan states followed suit.

During the 1800s, the Turks fought four wars

against Russia and lost three. Russia gained
Bessarabia (now Moldova and
Ukraine) and control of the
Black Sea.
Trying to stop the empire's
decline, Sultan Abdul-Hamid
II crushed opposition
violently in the 1890s.
The Young Turks were
students and army officers
who, in 1908, revolted
against Abdul-Hamid and
then ruled through his
brother Muhammad V.

A sumptuously dressed Ortoma

pasha, or high-ranking official
(center), with his noblemen.

446