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_________________________________________________________________________________

Name: Glein G. Ceniza Date: May 10, 2021

Course/ year-section: BSED SCI 1-B

ACTIVITY 2

This is a 20-item activity, answer the following questions.

1. What is the difference between Justice and Fairness?

Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional
terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related
terms that are often today used interchangeably. There have, however, also been
more distinct understandings of the two terms. While justice usually has been used
with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has been used with regard
to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests; fairness has
also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general
but that are concrete and specific to a particular case. In any case, a notion of being
treated as one deserves is crucial to both justice and fairness.
Fairness is the quality of making judgments that are free from discriminations. In
contrast, justice is an action that is morally right and fair. I think that the difference
lies in the fact that fairness is about having a proper perspective and justice is about
having the right thing done.
2. What is the difference between Equality and Equity?

Equity refers to the just and fair provision of resources to all the individuals, which
represents impartiality.
Equality denotes provision of same resources to all people, i.e. it is the state of
being the same when it comes to status, rights and opportunities whereas
Equity involves trying to understand and give people what they need. Hence adopts
need based approach. Equality, in contrast, aims to ensure that everyone gets the
same.

Equity justifies things on the basis of quality but equality justifies things on the
basis of quantity.
Equity is subjective. It differs from situation to situation and from person to
person. Whereas equality is measurable. It does not vary and neither matter
whoever looks at it
Like equity, equality aims to promote fairness and justice, but it can only work if
everyone starts from the same place and needs the same things
Hence, we can say Equity is the means/process and Equality is the outcome/end
result of the process.

3. What are the three kinds of justice? Give 1 example each.

There are different kinds of justice. Distributive justice refers to the extent
to which society's institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed
among society's members in ways that are fair and just. When the institutions of a
society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, there is a strong presumption
that those institutions should be changed. For example, the American institution of
slavery in the pre-civil war South was condemned as unjust because it was a
glaring case of treating people differently on the basis of race.
A second important kind of justice is retributive or corrective justice.
Retributive justice refers to the extent to which punishments are fair and just. In
general, punishments are held to be just to the extent that they take into account
relevant criteria such as the seriousness of the crime and the intent of the criminal,
and discount irrelevant criteria such as race. It would be barbarously unjust, for
example, to chop off a person's hand for stealing a dime, or to impose the death
penalty on a person who by accident and without negligence injured another party.
Studies have frequently shown that when blacks murder whites, they are much
more likely to receive death sentences than when whites murder whites or blacks
murder blacks. These studies suggest that injustice still exists in the criminal
justice system in the United States.
 Yet a third important kind of justice is compensatory justice.
Compensatory justice refers to the extent to which people are fairly compensated
for their injuries by those who have injured them; just compensation is
proportional to the loss inflicted on a person. This is precisely the kind of justice
that is at stake in debates over damage to workers' health in coal mines. Some
argue that mine owners should compensate the workers whose health has been
ruined. Others argue that workers voluntarily took on this risk when they chose
employment in the mines.

4. Define Egalitarian, Capitalist, and Socialist.

Egalitarian
Egalitarian Society or Egalitarianism is a school of thoughts that believes or is
based on the equality of all people in the society. This is the dream of many
philosopher in the present world. In focuses on equality of every individual in
various aspects such as economic, political, social and civil rights. Basically, an
egalitarian doctrine maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or
social status. In other words, egalitarian society believe that people should be able
to receive equal treatment to the society, equivalents rights to resources, equivalent
in moral status and equivalent rights of the law and church and that they do not
have even irreversible management
Capitalist
In a few words, capitalism is an economic system in which goods are produced for
sale on the market with a view to profit. Modern capitalism is characterized by the
wage/capital relationship. Capital rests in the hands of a minority class who get a
profit by employing others, who, because they do not own capital, work for them
for a wage.
A capitalist is any person who owns sufficient capital not to have to work for a
living. Many capitalists do work hands on in their business. The point is that, as
owners of capital, the system provides them with an income and they don’t have
to.
Socialist
Socialism is a political term applied to an economic system in which property is
held in common and not individually, and relationships are governed by a political
hierarchy. Common ownership doesn't mean decisions are made collectively,
however. Instead, individuals in positions of authority make decisions in the name
of the collective group. Regardless of the picture painted of socialism by its
proponents, it ultimately removes group decision making in favor of the choices of
one all-important individual.
Some common grounds between socialist are:
- Believe that the government should always put first social needs than corporation
needs
-That workers should always come first and the need of better rights for them
-That every human being should have free access to basic stuffs such as potable
water, education and healthcare
-That approving some socialist law doesn't automatically make a government a
socialist government.

Sources
https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/justice-and-fairness/

https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-equity-and-equality.html

https://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2014/08/the-10-most-socialist-states-in-america.html