Soundness of Aggregates by Freezing and Thawing AASHTO Di 1, SCOPE, LAL This mettod describes three pro- colues to be fullowed in testing aggre {ates to determine their resistance to dis inegraon by fivezing and thawing. It firishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates subjected to veatering, particularly when adequate information is not available trom service rreons of the behavior of the agarenste, 12 The following applies to all spec- fed mits in dhs stundurd: For the pur- ose of determining conformance. with these specifications, an observed value ‘racaleulated salue shall he rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last ight- hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting valve, in accordance wath the rnunding-off of R11, Recomanended Pactce for Indicating Which Places of Figuos Arc To Be Considered Signifi- ‘ant in Specified Limiting. Values. 13. The values stated in ST untts are tobe regarded as the standard, 2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: AL AASHTO Standards M92. Wire-Cluth Sieves for Testing Purposes M231 Bulanees Used In The Testing of Materials RI Recommended Prac- ce for Indicating Which Places of Hig ures Are To Be Com sidered Significant in Specified Limiting, Yulues Regulatory Informa tion for Chemivals Used in AASHTO. Tests 3. APPARATUS 3M ‘The apparatus shall consist of ‘he following: Standard Method of Test for 3A Freezing Eiguipment—No spe- cific requirements for the type or size of Ue fieezing equipment are given as many laboratories have adequate equip- ‘meni but variable in type and size, AIL ‘equipment shall be capable of being op- crated at a temperature not higher than 26°C (— 15°F) at any point in the freezing chamber. 312 Sample Containers—The sam ple containers shall be of metal, prefers bly noncorroding, or of plastic, mbber, fr other materials suitable for the proce dure to be followed, 3.3 Sieves—The sieves used shall meer the requirements of M 92, Sieves for Testing Purposes. 3.14 Balmee—The balance. shatl have sufficient capacity, be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample mass, or better, and conform to the reqirements of M 2a BLS Drying Oven The drying ‘oven shall provide a free circulation of air through the oven and shall be capable Uf maiawuining a temperature of 10° SC (230° + 91) 3.6 Thewing Tank—A thawing {unk of a size suitable for the sumples ‘and sample containers used, permitting complete or purtial submergence of the samples as required by the procedure used. Unless orherwise desired, the water or solution in the thawing tank shall be maintained a 21° to 24°C (70° to 75°F) during the thawing period. 3.17 Thermometer—A_ thetinome- tet having an approximate range from 0° to 50°C (32° to 120°F), readable and accurate lo 0.5°C (1°F), 4. SAMPLES 41 Fine Aggregate—Fine aggregate for the test shall be passed through a 9.5-mm Chin.) sieve, The sample shall bbe of such size that it will yield aot less than 100 g of each of Ue following sizes, : T 103-91 (1996) which shall be available in amounts of 5 percent or more, expressed i ters of the following sieves: 42 Course Axgrexate—Coatse ag. s1egate forthe test shall consist of mate fial from which the sizes finer than the 4.25-mm (No. 4) sieve have been re- moved. Sich sizes. shall be tested in accordance with the procedure for fine aggregates. ‘The sample: shall he of such a size tha’ ic will yield not tess shan the following amounts ofthe differen sizes, which shall be available in amounts of 5 pereent or morc. 4.3. Should dhe sammples contain Tess than $ percent of the sizes specified in Seotion 4.1 oF 42, that size shall not be tested, bu, forthe purpose of calculating the test result, it shall be cousidered to hhave the same loss in treatment as the average of the next smaller and the next larger size, oF if one of these sizes is absent, it shall he considered to have the same loss as the next larger or next smaller size, whichever is present, When the 95-10 19 0-mm (% 05% 1m.) 19.0- {0.37 Semm (3 10.1My in.) oF 37S 10 6mm (IM, 40 2My in) tet samples specified in Section 42 cannot be pre= pared due to absence of one of the two sizes of aggregate showa for excl, the sire available shall be used (o prepare the sample tested, 44° When an aggregate be tested contains. appreciable amounis of both fine anel coarse material, having a grad- ing with more tun 10 mass percent coarsor than the 9.5-mim Cf in.) sieve and, al, roore than 10 mass. percent finer than the 4.75-mm (No, 4) sieve, test separate sumples of Uke minus 4.75- rom fraction and the plus 4.75-mmfiae- tion in agcordance with the procedures for fine agpregate and coarse aggregate, respectively. Report the results sepa- rately forthe fine aggregate faction and uhe coarse aggregate fraction, giving the 381382 percentages of the coarse and fine size fractions in the initial grading, PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLE Sil Fine Avgregate—The ssmple of fine aggregate shall be thoroughly ‘washed om a 150-j.m (No, 100) seve and dried to constunt mass at a temperature of 110 + 5°C@30° 49°F) and separated into the diferent sizes by sieving, as follows: 5.1.1 Make a rough separation of the xraded sumple by means of a nest of the standard sieves specified in Section 4.1 From the fractions obtained in this m er select suunples of sufficient size to yield 100 g after sieving to refusal. (In goncral, a 110-g sample will be sulfi- cient.) Fine aggregate sticking in the meshes of the sieves shall not be used in preparing the samples. Samples con- sisting of 100 x shall be weighed out of each of the separated fractions after final sieving and placed in separate containers for the test, SAL2 Coarse Aggrexate—The sam- ple of coarse aggregate shall be tho oughly washed und dried to constant mass at a temperature of 110° # 5°C (230° 9°) and shall be separted into the different sizes shown in Section 4.2 by sieving to refusal. The proper rns of sample for each fraction shall be weighed out and placed in separate containers for the test. In the ease of fractions coarser than the —19,0-min fein) sieve, the number of particles shall be counted. S13 Ledge Rock—For testing ledge rock, the sample shall be prepared by breaking it into fragments reasonably uniform in size and shape and having & mass of approximately 100 g each, ‘The test sample shall have a mass of 5000 g + 2 percent. The sample shall be thoroughly washed and dried previ ‘us fo test as described in Seetion 5.2. 6. PROCEDURES 6.1 Procedure A—Total Immersion; 6.1.1 In this procedure, the samples shall be immersed in water for 24 hours prior to start of the fieezing eyele, and shall be frozen and thawed in this com- METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING TABLE Pasiiag Sieve Relsized on 600 wm (No. 30) WHO pn (No, 118 mm Wo, 16) 60 jn (No, 2.36 mm (No, 8) 1,18 ram (Ne 475 mu (No.4) 2.36 sam (No, 95 mu Cyt) 4:78 mam (No, pletely immersed condition. The type of containers used for the samples will de pend on the type of freezing equipment available. Shallow pans may be most desirable for some freezing equipment, but in cthoro the use of long coalaincrs with romd or rectangular cross sections ay be indicated, Determirations must be made of the time required wo freeze and thaw the samples with consideration given to the normal volume of sample and water frozen 62° Procedure B—Parial_Inmer- sion: 6.2.1 In this procedure, the samples shall be saturated by subjecing them to am ait pressure of not over 3.4 kPa (25.4 rum of merry}, and breaking the vac- tuum with @ sufficient amount of a 0.5 percent (by mass) solution of ethy! alea- tol in water to completely cover the samples. The samples shall be leit in the solution for 15 minutes 62.2 The samples shall then be r= moved fiom te vacime chamber. Coarse aggregates shall be phued | layer deep in shallow pans containing 64 mm "ein, of the ulsohol-water solution and frozen in this condition. Sumples of fine aggregate can most convenietly be ban- dled by placing them in 250-am (No. 60) or finer wire cloth sieves which in (urn are held in shallow trays, und the samples frozen in a surface-wet condi- tion, 6.2.3 ‘The time required to freeze the samples shall he. determined, This will be dependent on the number of samples frozen andthe effectiveness of the freer- ing equipment In many instances, a treezing period of 2 hours will be found suitable. Following completion of freee ing, the smoples shall be awed for 30 minutes in the alcohol-water solution at 4 lemperatiee of 21° to 24°C (70" TS*F) to complete one eycle of the fez. ing and thawing treatm. 63. Procedure C—Partial Inmer- sion. 634 This procedure is the vume as Ti Procedure B except that water i ii! instead of the alcohol-water solution 7. C¥CLES 7A Allemate freezing and thawing shall be repeated until the required mam ber of cycles is obtained, NOTE 1—Some authorides have ri 50, 16, and 25 eyeles for Procedures A, 3, and C, respectively 8 QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATIO! 1 The quantitative shall be made as follows: BLL Afer the completion of i final cycle, each sample shall be dial to constant mass at 110° 1 SC QUE © 9°P) weighed, aud except in theese of fine aggregate or ledge ruxk, sival over the sieve shown for the appcoprie size of particle. The material retained ot the siove shall be weighed and dhe ms recorded. Larger sizes by 25-mm sped in sieve size shall be sieved aver te original reraining sieve to determine ht loss. The material rettined on eit sieve shall be weighed and the mis recorded, 8.1.2 Samples of fine aggregate dal) be sieved over the original retaining siete to determine their loss. The: malcral ms tained on cach sieve shall be weighed and the mass recorded R13 In the case of ledge rock be Joss in mass shall be determined by se tracting fiom dhe original mass of the ple the final mass of all fragments whic hhave not broken into three or more pices. ‘examination 9. REPORT 9.1 The report shall include the fl lowing data: NOTE 2—Table 2 of T 106, shown wit lest values inserted for purpase of illusion. is w suggested form for recording test die ‘The (st values shown might be apprptie for any procedure, depending on the qui of the aggregates. 91.1 Mass of each fraction of eat sample before test, 91.2 Except in the case of ledge rock, the actual loss of each fraction ofT105. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 383 ‘TAR Se (Squure-Opening Sieves) $5475 mm (Min. Nod) 19010 95 ram CH, 10 My in.) Gringo: 125 ta 9am pw i.) materi Isao 125mm 6h, (0 4 in.) msterial 75 w 180.nin| (1% im) materi ising 23) 19.00 (10% iu matetiad PS 0 250 man (Ft in} materia 8375.10 "Fp 01%5 im eid Sing of S01 S.r0m 2t0 in) natch Gin Stem 7, 10 2 in) itera) Laer sizes by 25.0-mm (Hin) spread in sieve sn, each fraction Mass 300 = 1000 330 ow 1500 soa 1000 + s00n 2000 7000 10 ey Pa ” 300 200 300 1008 the sample expressed as a percentage of the original mass of the fraction 913 Weighted average calculated from the percentage of loss for each, fracliva, based on the grading of the. sample as received for examination or, preferably, on the average grading of the ‘material from that portion of the supply ‘of which the sample is representative, In these calculations, sizes finer than the 300-yum (No. 50) sitwe shall be assumed. to have (0 percent loss. 9.14 For an aggregate containing appreciable amounts of both fine and coarse material lested as two separate samples as required in Section 4.4 compute the weighted average Insses separately for the niinus 4.75-mm and plus 4.75-mm fractions based on re- computed gradings considering the ne fraction as 100 percent and the coarse fraction as 100 percent, Report the results separacely giving the per~ centage of the minus 4.75-mm and TABLES Sieve Used to Detertine Loss 63 rm 49 31.5 mm Qs 10 115 in) 375 mom to 19.0 mm (1,1 ind 19.0 mm 109.5 mm CH, (0 % in) 95 mm to 473 me Cixim. t@ Ne. 4) SUS mu (1% in) 160 mm Gis in) 80 mm Cy, a) £0 rn (035) plus 4.75-mm material in the initial grading 9.1.5 In the case of ledge rack, the loss ax deurmined in Seetion 8.1.3 shall bbe reported as a percentage of the origi nal mass 9.1.6 Ieonsidered desirable or when requested, the type of failare of the dis- crete parteles in the. sample. shall be reported. 9.1.7 Procedure used,