> Seat da on a Toa The unit of mass density is —____— “ : The relationship between absolute pressure and Gauge pressure is on 0 absolute pressure =. The Mercury Column of 76 cm is equalent to water Column of height ——__m ‘The vertical height between centre of gravity & centre of pressure fora Ol Lamina immersed vertically ina fluid is State Pascal's law. Give an expression for Capillary rise. ° oO What is process called when the valve is suddenly closed? What is a Steady flow? o State Bernoulli's theorem. * Give an expression for major loss ina pipe flow. a What is the use of Venturi flume? a Which is more accurate among Venturi meter OR Orifice meter? or If area of flow in a pipe is doubled. The velocity of flowis______ oO Give an expression for length of equivalent pipe. Oo a oO ee =e 8 What is the side slope in a Cipolletti notch? The Vertical component of force on a Curved Lamina immersed in a fluid a wo is equal to The mass density of Mercury is On r One Pascal = N/m? Continuity equation for three dimensional flow in Cartesian Co-ordinate 91 2 or system is : As depth of fluid increases, pressure ___________- 06 a Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure of an isosceles triangular plate of base 4m and altitude 4m, when it is immersed Scanned with CamScannersri ry 09-7 sey 2 wwotse. THE 1 having ves are of dlametey shea vertically in an oil of es Lsmm and 06 tesian nensional flow im flow, the fluid velocity % is y-4x, Show that velocity function also. S flow’ li) Steady and 06 - . < for three dim Derive Conti continuity eq Coordinate system. Ina two-dimen mpressible y ~Ay and. v= nine its form. Find stream tween i) Uniform and Non Uniform 08 if) Laminar and Turbulent flow. \y flow of 08, Un Steady Now Derive th o he Bernoulli's equation from Euler's equation for stead 20cm and 10cm at Buld and list assumptions made in it sections 7 nowine through a pipe having diameters respectively. The rate of flow through pipe is tum and section 2is 4m find the Ssiltres/eecond, The section 1 is 6m above dal um. If the pressure at section 1 is 39.24N/sq cm, 08 intensity of pressure at section 2. scumn/sec. The J to 400mm. The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.2 Determine iene of the pipe which is 200mm is suddenly enlarge e pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is 11.772N/sq cm. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement i) Pressure intensity in the large pipe Power lost due to enlargement. Derive the Darcy-weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in a pipe. What is equivalent pipe? Derive an expression for diameter of equivalent pipe. Two reservoirs are connected by a pipe li length 4000m. The difference of water level listance of 1000m from the upper reservoir, he pipe line. The water can be taken from rvoir, if jischarge to the lower rese i) No water is taken from the small pipe ter is taken from the small pipe. den 08 ii) 100 litres/sec of wal 1ke f=0.005 and neglect minor losses rive an expression for pressure rise in pressure pipe due to sud 08 sure of valve with usual notations. te short notes on i) Self-recording gauges ii) Staff gauges iii) Float gauges. 04 04 OR ne of diameter 600mm and (08 in the reservoirs is 20m. Ata a small pipe is connected to the small pipe. Find the Scanned with CamScannerjon for discharge over a rectangular notch with usual 94 b Derive an expr oa notations What is a Cipolletti Notch? Derive the conditions for the Noteh. oR oa Find the slope of the bed of a rectangular channel of width Sm when the is 2m and the rate of flow is given as 20cum/sec. Take 08 depth of wate: Chezy’a constant C=30. b A horizontal ventu diameter 10cm is used to measure the flow of oil of speci The discharge of oil through venture meter is 60litres, reading of the Oil-Mercury differential manometer. Take Cd=0.98 Derive expression for discharge over a V Notch. meter with inlet diameter 20cm and throat fic gravity 0.8. Jsec. Find the Scanned with CamScannerUG Make Up Examination, February 2019 027 Mechanics 17¢V3GCrLM Maximura snares: 190 m Duration: 03 howes NE (n to 0) has t to 4 is compulsory, alain ig data should he sulably assumed Marks or 1a Speci ‘ RK iflc volume is reciprocal of. efine Absolute Pressure. o1 20 poises. 1 velocity of © Two hori Caltlare the ruates placed 250mm have an oil of vi 1250mm/s, fear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with qd The valu e | a of the Bulk Modulus of elasticity for an incompressible fluid is ol © The , a Pressure at any given point of a non-moving fluid is called the a1 e : Fed ier ata point in the fluid is 4.9 N/cm?. Find height when the 1 : under consideration is in oil of specific gravity of 0.85. fluid how. equation must be perfunctorily satisfied while dealing with 0! , ftid flow problems : Pitot tube works on principle. ol i The property of the fluid which accounts for the major losses in pipes is 1 o1 i Find the discharge of water flowing over a rectangular notch of 1.5 m length when the constant head over the notch is 275 mm. Take Cd = 0.60 ol k Trapezoidal weir has another popular name. What is it? 1 When a problem states “The velocity of the water flow in a pipe is 20, 01 m/s”, which of the following velocities is it talking about? m The continuity equation is based on the principle of on 1 Stream lines and path lines always coincide in case of ol © Mercury does not wet glass. This is due to property of liquid known as o P Calculate the magnitude of capillary effect in millimeters in a glass tube OL of 7mm diameter, when immersed in mercury. The temperature of the liquid is 25°C and the values of surface tension of mercury at 25°C is 0.51 N/m. The angle of contact for mercury is 130°. q The device popularly used for measuring difference of low pressure 01 t Coefficient of friction of a laminar flow is __—— 7 s Streamline and equipotential lines in a flow field is ——— to each 01 01 other. .s through the t The buoyant force acting ona floating body passe: Scanned with CamScanneron s Yer on <> “athe a eo OS Rama tare 1 mS . i > yo <> <> > Se a J —S. “em * <—S. ® Derive an expr nin 08 ie rtestan ee for three dimensional continuity equation in & mz b The velocity components in a 2 dimensional fow field for an ° oe incompressible fluid are as follows: « unyB4+2x—x2y and vexy-2y-x¥3 w GS Obtain an expression for the stream function ¥ « 4A pipeline carrying oil of S = 0.87 changes in diameter from 200 m at 08 « position A to 500 m at position B which is 4 m at higher level. If the pressure at A and B are 9.81N/cm? and 5.886 N/cm? respectively and discharge is 200 L/s, Determine Loss of head and direction of flow. ie b The inlet and throat diameter of a horizontal venturimeter are 30 cm. ag 10 cm respectively. The liquid flowing through the meter is water. The pressure intensity at inlet is 13.734 N/cm? while the vacuum pressure head at the throat is 37 cm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. Assume ae 4% of the differential head is lost between the inlet and the throat. Fin‘ also the value of Ca for the venturimeter. 08 Derive an expression for loss of head due to sudden enlargement. Scanned with CamScanner»’ Determine the rate Sng leneth 50 m when eee ected toa tale and the other end oi height" ot waterin eaceen mosphere. The pipe ts harontal minor losses and t= gous, 1 Abeve the center of pipe, Consider a on Perive an expression for Mow throu lips i serio with neat sketch A pipe of diameter 0.4 m and Length 2000 m is connected to reservoir at pingent: The other end of pipe is conlhected to's junction irom where 2 Pipes of length 1000 m and diameter 300 mm run in paracl These Parallel pipes are connected to another reservoir which thawing level of water 10 m below the water level of above reservoir. Determine the total discharge, f= 0.015. Neglect minor losses, 6 Write short notes on ao i. Venturimeter Orifice meter iit, Cipolletti Note iv. Broad crested weir. oR os Derive an expression for discharge over rectangular a ae A broad-crested weir of 50 m length has 50 em height of Woe, ort of crest. Find the maximum discharge. Take Ca= 0.60. MoE Tet ato roach. Also, if the velocity of approach Is 19.8 ESh cos, Consideration, find the maximum discharge whe! con: : side. sectional area of 50 m? on the upstream Scanned with CamScanner. Course: Course Semesters 1 we Note: Q.No. 1 a) ») ° a) °) D g) hy i) D kK) d) m) n) 0) P) Q 1) s) t) a) b) Examination. Ds Jon, December 2018/January 2019 UG Semester Masinnaen mass: 100) Durations: 3 ROWS Fina Mechanies 1). Question ONE, » 2 (avo nas obs anawere rs os 1 to 4 is compulsory. rom poe 5 ree ig dat wld be uty asumed Lesjooes 's theorem states that, — relocity components it id * ae avecions i terms of Fluid statics deals with, : ® Pitot tube is used for measurement ___——- *°. o o o For laminar flow Reynolds no is Irrotational flow means, “The force per unit area is called. The height of a water column ‘equivatent 10 a pressure of ‘o2MPais ov For compressible flow density 18 iy Flow net is defined as. or The point at which the Tesultant pressure on an jmmmersed surface acts js called 25 oO _—_—. The unit of capillary fall is a The co-efficient of ‘discharge in terms orcw and Cois___—— a Rate of discharge for sompressible uid iS on ‘The variation in volume of a liquid with the Janration of pressure is calted__— a With an increase in si2e of tube, the rise oF depression of Haid a ae tte due vo SUE ow tension will___— o Compressibility is reciprocal of oO Poise is a unit es ys ‘A stream line is____—_— oO ‘on for 2D flow___——_ The continuity equatic frearm funetion ate Scanned with CamScannereB) 3) Draw a Nownet %o ae Wet andl explain briefly termine the 10 ” é is Selocity vector ina fluid flow is given Va4x 3 i-10x 2 yittk- 2 "slocity and acceleration ofa ftuid particle at (2, 1s 3) at tne 1 aa : mm atthe — 06 The water is Mowing through a taper pipe of tengh 100m having diameters 600 ft in 30. Determine a 200 the lower end atthe rate of SOs. he pipe has a stone of | 10 Determine the pressure at the lower end if the pressure at the higher level is ts to ) _Pevstop the continuity equation in nce dmevetons for Cartesian 60-0rdiNES: Sa) List and explain minor k ° Bi Ls ninor losses in pipes edin 08 ; 2 Teg RnR ended pipes are Som & 10Sinm diameters and 200% lent are connected in o Bi ner! fever trv whic ef eel ieee af 15% 1 ot sopcien of fietion for each pines of 0.0213. Calculate the rte of ow in cach PIPE Ww and also diameter of a single pipe 200m ong which would give the same discharge, © were substituted forthe Oniinal wo pines wl ‘OR 10 - 06 wl 6 a) Develop the Dupuit's equation. i b) The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 350}ps. The diameter of the pipe is suddenly enlarged from 200mm to 500mm, The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is w 15N/em*. Determine (i) loss of head due to sudden enlargement. (ii) Pressure intensity in we i) Power lost due to enlargement. the larger pipe (i 7 a) Discuss the depth measuring devices with neat sketches. the and 5) Determine the discharge through a trapezoidal notch which is 1m wide at the top ond 0.4m at the bottom and’is 0.3m in height, The head of water on the notch is Assume Cd for rectangular portion 0.62 while for triangular portion 0.60. OR The head of water over a 100mm diameter orifice is 5m. The water coming out of the 10 orifice is collected in a circular tank 2m diameter. The time taken to collect 45cm of water is measured as 30secs. Also the coordinates of the jet at a point from Vena Contract are 100cm horizontal and 5.2cm vertical. Determine the hydraulic coefficients 06 of the orifice. Describe with a neat sketch venturimeter? b) Page 2 of 2 Scanned with CamScannerCourse, Course Cou, Semester: 2 2 so be CyoHRRY uss DAYVAN 4 ANANDA SAGAR COLLE OF ENGINEERING UG Make 0; Fluid Mechanics ‘amination, Fel - February 2010 on ONE ( 910.1) has to be a mewvered from ages § 407 onty Marks m1 FI ad statics deals with itot tubs n tube is used for measurement of 'e force per unit area is called. ov ov The height of a water col e ressure MPa is, tol ter column equivalent to a pressure of 0.2MPa is he point hi resultant pressure immer; fi 0 at wh ‘ich the resultant pressure on an it sed surface acts is 01 a1 called as 01 The unit of capillary fall is The variation i variation in volume of a liquid with the variation of pressure is 0 tube due to surface tension will Compressibility is reciprocal of 1 Poise is a unit of a Astream line is a The continuity equation oO The co-efficient of discharge in terms of Cv and Cc is 0 Rate of discharge for compressible fluid is _—— a ressible flow density is __—— x Hn called With an increase in size of tube, the rise or depression of liquid in the For comp! Flow net is defined as For laminar flow Reynolds no is a otational flow means ———— a on tates that __——— i theorem sta’ stream function Irr ctions in terms of Bernoulli's : Velocity components in x and y dire’ are | i i squid is 0.7 solve for ; aweight Sper are ie se weight. Also determine the mass an e ensity ii) spect oon i) Mass d Scanned with CamScanner6 rasa 2.5mm. Ta ° spare OF pe A aeion ae wy manometer: in 10 of the lass 10.07.806 N/m. pecity gravity O41 flows up through 2 the two points in the Being: 0.8 m higher led trom Av and He to a Uetw ere difference between A and 1 is 18 KP eread contal ession express y/B49 tion. a function t Kyi/a)-xe+(X sin x and y direct ntsa possible case off10W. aregsions. types of Fluid Now with nece tion for Steady 44 Develop the Bemoult’s equation from the Bulers ea jow of fluid and list the assumptions made in nd out b A.45¢ bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the MIO ONE CS «7 let of the bend being 600 mm and 300 mm respectively. FIN’ TV ona is - exerted by water on the bend if intensity of pressure at inlet £0 “ 88.29 kPa and rate of flow of water is 600 liters per second: é o4 The velocity potentia ind the velocity e Show that @ rep! in the differen| » Explain Pipes in series, pipes in parallel, equivalent pipe- a pe. Fin b Two tanks are connected by a 500mm diameter 2500mm tong pipet = the rate of flow if the difference in.water levels between the 20m, Take f=0.016. Neglect minor losses. © Summarize the minor losses in pipe flow. oR 10 a Develop Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction. Determine the diameter of a Galvanized iron pipe required to carry a .d 5m per 1km. b flow of 40lps of water, if the loss of head is not to excee Length of pipe, Assume f=0.02. pentine in a pipe line. The a. A Pitot tube is used to measure the flow of tury it : two tapings of the Pitot tube are connected to a differential U-tube and the differential manometer. If the manometric liquid is mercury 1 mercury level is 12 cm, what is the velocity? Take RD of turpentine = 10 0.86. The coefficient of the Pitot tube is 0.975. b Explain hydrantic coefficient with equation. 06 OR 04 a Classify Notches and Weirs. b The coordinates of a point on the jet issuing from a vertical orifice are 08 0.4m & 0.003m. Neglecting air resistance, determine the velocity of the jet and the height of water above the orifice in the tank. Explain venturimeter with neat sketch. 04 Page 2+ Scanned with CamScannerDAYANANDA SA\ mination, December 2017 Code: ¢v35, Duration: 3 hours UG Semester Course: Fluid Mechanics Maximum marks: 100 Auswer five fal Questions, AN questions car7y equal WaT jewton's ea} ty, Newton's low of Viscosity, surface tension, 10 10 tates concentrically inside another cylinder of a Define b A15 emdia yl dia 15.10 cm. Both cylinders are 25 s are 25 cm high. The space between the cyl alia 15.10 cmt : ‘ jetween the cylinder: is filled with a guid whose viscosity ts unknown. If a torque of 120 Nm is quired to rotates the inner cylinder at 100 r.p.m,, determine the viscosity of the fluid. (oR) a and derive Pascal's law. ne ¢ pressure intensity at a point in a fluid ina fluid is given 3.924 ‘i 924N fem? Fi 0 the corresponding height of fluid when the fluid is ® y aaa 08 G) water, and (ii) oil of specific gravity 0.9 Derive equation for Differential U-tube Monometer. 12 08 oo Derive equation for Vertical Plane surface Submerged in liquid. Explain in detail about Types of fluid Flow. (oR) 10 10 o a Derive equation for Continuity equation in 3-Dimensions. b_ Iffora two dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential is given by =x (2y-1), determine the velocity at the point P (4, 5). Determine also the 12 value of stream function ¥ at the point P. a Derive Euler’s equation of motion. b_ Explain Equations of Motion. 05 c Give Bernoulli's equation from Euler's equation. 03 (OR) equation. 1c Bernoulli's ressure of 29.43 N. Jom? assumptions of tal, f 5 cm dia under a p Find the total head or to above the datum line. a from 200 mm dia at @ higher level. \f the ly and the a State and List the Water is flowing through a pipe o! (gauge) and with mean velocity of 2 m/s. energy/unit weight of the water at a c/s, which is ma b A pipeline carrying oil of sp.gr 0.87, changes in di position A to 500 mm dia at a position B which is 4m ata ; pressure at A and B are 9.81 N/cm? and 5.886 N/cm? respective! discharge is 200 It/s, determine the loss of head and direction of flow. Page 1 of 2 Scanned with CamScanner0s, 7 a. Classify the losses of energy in Pipes. eon oe Explain Darcy-Weisbach Formula and Chezy' Find the Head loss due to friction ina pipe of dia 300 mm and length $0 m, 10 hrough which water is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/s using ore Darcy's formula Gi) Chezy's formula for which C=60 Take v for water =0.01 stoke, (OR) a__List the Minor head losses and derive equation for loss of head due to Sudden. 10 Contraction. b 4 150 mm dia pipe reduces in dia abruptly to 100 mm dia. If the pipe carries. 10 water at 30 It/s, calculate the pressure loss across the contraction.’Take the co-efficient of contraction as 0.6 a Explain in detail about Hook gauge, Weight gauge. 10 b Derive equation for Pitot tube. Velocity of flow in a pipe by Pitot tube. 10 (OR) a_ Derive Equation for Orifice meter. 10 b Find the velocity of flow of water through a rectangular channel of 6 m wide 05 and 3m deep, when it is running full. The channel is having bed slope as 1 in 2000. Take Chezy's constant C=55. © A cipolletti weir of crest length 60 cm discharges water. The head of water 05 over the weir is 360 mm. Find the discharge over the weir if the channel is 80 cm wide and 50 cm deep. Take Cd=0.60 Scanned with CamScannerEGE OF ENGINEERING DAYANANDA SAGAR p Ex tY/ February 2018 Code: eva — Duration: 3 tenn H Questions, Allg equal marks i Refine: Kinamatic Viscosity, Surtace Fensio mane a Kinamatie Viscosity, psion, Capillarity, Centre of Pressure 10 I per Unit aren fem 3 fixed plate, maves at 40 ema enn requires 19 red. Determine the 2. N/m? to maintain this Of 2.N per unit area ie Nuid viscosity between the plates (or) 4 Define Differential 0 Retine’ bitter ntial Manometer and explain the various types with neat 19 b The lett leg of tube manometer is connected toa pi level of mercury in the leg being 0.6 m below the Centre of pipe line and the pen to atmosphere. The level of mercury in right leg is 0.45 m © mercury in the right leg contains \d the Pressure head and intensity the 10 pe line carrying watey Tight leg is op above that in the left leg and the space abo benzene of sp.ge 0.88 to a height of 0.3m. F of pressure, a Distinguish between @ laminar and Turbulent Flow 04 Gi) Uniform and Non Uniform flow. b Ifforatwo dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential is given by 16 = x (2y-1). Determine the velocity at the point P (4. 5). Determine also the value of stream function Vat the point P. (OR) 10 2 A 30 cm diameter pipe, conveying water, branches into two pipes of diameter 20 cm and 15 cm respectively. If the average velocity in the 30 cm diameter Pipe is 2.5 cm/s, find the discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in average velocity 20 cm diameter pipe is 2 m/s. 10 15 cm pipe if the 2 m/s. Derive an expression for continuity equation for three- dimension. b a Derive Bernoulli's equation from Euler's equation with assurnptions made. 10 b_ A pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87 changes in diameter form UC 200mm at position A to 500mm at position B which is 4 m at higher level. If the pressure at A and B are 9.81 N/cm? and 5.886 N/cm? respectively and discharge is 200 Lts/s, determine loss of head and direction of flow. (oR) 1 a_ A trapezoidal channel 2 m wide at bottom and 1 m deep has side slopes 1: 1 Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure on vertical gate when it is full of water. Page 1of2 Scanned with CamScanner8 10 © surface submerged in liquid. 10 ean expression for inclined pla of head due to friction using, « 10 wy © < sion f ach Fi oO rey M discharges Irecly into the atmosphere at other end, For the first 25 m of its iength irom tank, the pipe is 150 mm diameter and its diameter is suddenly enlarged to 300 mm, The height of water level in tank is 8 m above centre of pipe. Considering all losses of head which occur, determine the rate of flow. F = 0.1 for both s tions. (oR) The difference in water surfaces in 2 tanks which are connected by 3 pipes in 19 series of length 300 m, 170 m and 210 m and diameter of 300 mm, 200 mm and 400 mm respectively is 12 m. Determine the discharge of water if co -efficient of fiction are 0.05, 0.052 and 0.048. Consider i) Minor losses ii) Neglecting minor losses. pipes which again forms one pipe. The 1 A main pipe divides into 2 parallel length and diameter for first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1.0 m respectively, while the length and diameter for second parallel pipe are 2000 m and 0.8 ra respectively. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe if total flow in the main is 3.0 m/s. The co-efficient of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal to 0.005. The inlet and throat diameters of a horizontal venturimeter are 30 cm and 10 cm respectively. The liquid flowing through the meter is water. The pressure intensity at inlet is 13.734 N/cm? while the vacuum pressure head at the throat is 37 cm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. Assume that 4 % of the differential head is lost between the inlet and throat. Find also the value of Ca for the venturimeter. A broad-crested weir of 50 m length has 50 cm height of water above its crest. Find the maximum discharge. Take Ca= 0.60. Neglect velocity of approach. Also, if the velocity of approach is to be taken into consideration, find the maximum discharge when the channel has a cross sectional area of 50 m2 on the upstream side. (OR) Explain the procedure to measure discharge using i) Triangular notch. Orifice meter iv) Rectangular notch, ii) Cipolletti notch v) Broad crested weir Scanned with CamScanner