Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 1

This print-out should have 31 questions. 3. sp3

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page – find all choices 4. Pure pz orbitals are used in bonding.
before answering.
5. sp3 d
McCord CH301tt Explanation:
The structure is
b
This exam is only for O
b
b b

McCord’s Tues/Thur CH301 class.

C
If Quest works properly, you should be able H3 C CH3
to see your score for this exam by 11:30 PM
tonight. Do realize however that Quest has 003 10.0 points
been taking up to 8 hours to get through the Which of the molecules
grading, so your score might appear bit by bit.

b
b

b
I will post an announcement on our web page O
I)
and/or Quest when I feel like all bubblesheets H H
have been graded.

b
b
b
Cl
b
b b

PLEASE carefully bubble in your

UTEID and Version Number! We av- II) B

b
erage about 20-30 students per exam that
b

b
b Cl
b Cl b
b

b
misbubble this information. Get it right!
b

b
b
b

b
b
b
III) Cl Cl
b
b b

001 10.0 points

b
b

b
b
contains polar covalent bonds but is NOT
Choose the species that is incorrectly matched itself a polar molecule?
with electronic geometry about the central
atom. 1. III only
1. CF4 : tetrahedral 2. II and III only
2. BeBr2 : linear 3. I and II only
3. H2 O : tetrahedral 4. All fit the criteria.
4. PF3 : pyramidal correct 5. None fit the criteria.
5. NH3 : tetrahedral 6. II only correct
Explanation:
7. I and III only
002 10.0 points 8. I only
Identify the hybrid orbitals used by the
underlined atom in acetone (CH3 COCH3 ). Explanation:
I) Water has polar covalent bonds and is
1. sp2 correct itself polar.
II) Boron trichloride contains polar covalent
2. sp bonds but is not polar overall due to
symmetry.
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 2
III) Chlorine gas has nonpolar bonds only. b b

b
H C S b

004 10.0 points 10. b b

Which of the following is the correct Lewis b

b
H
b
b

formula for thioformaldehyde (CH2 S)? b b

b b b b Explanation:
b
b
H C S
b
b The Lewis formula for thioformaldehyde
1. b b b b
b
b
b b
b
H b

S
b
b
b b

(CH2 S) is
b b b b b b H C
b b
b
H C S b
H
2. b b b b

b b
b
H b

b b 005 10.0 points

b b
The molecule AX3 is polar and obeys the
octet rule; therefore, the central atom A
H C S
3.
b
b
H
b
b 1. has no lone pairs of electrons.
b b

b
b b
b
2. has two lone pairs of electrons.
S C
4. b
b
3. has one lone pair of electrons. correct
H b
b
H b
b

4. has four lone pairs of electrons.

b
b

S
b
b
5. has three lone pairs of electrons.
b b

5. b
b
H C Explanation:
b b b
b
The molecule AX3 could obey the octet
b
b
H b
rule in one of two ways. The molecule could
b

contain two A−X single bonds and one A−X

double bond, yielding the structure
H C S X
6.
b b A X
b
H b

b b
X

b
b
This molecule would have a trigonal planar
b
S b
geometry. It is symmetrical and therefore
7. correct non-polar, so this is not the correct structure
H C
for our molecule.
H The second possible dot structure for AX3
is
X
··
A X
8. H S C H
X
b b b b

b
This molecule obeys the octet rule and has
H C S b
a pyramidal molecular geometry. Assuming
9. b b

b b there is an electronegativity difference be-

b
H b

b b tween A and X, this molecule would be polar.

 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 3
This structure has one lone pair on A. what is the interaction energy between a zinc
ion (Zn2+ ) and a sulfide ion (S2− ) in a hy-
006 10.0 points pothetical structure in which the inter-ionic
Which of the following compounds would be distances are the same as that of NaCl?
expected to have the shortest bonds?
1. 1.140 kJ/mol
1. NO3 −
2. 1140 kJ/mol
2. CCl4
3. 3040 kJ/mol correct
3. NO2 − correct
4. 760 kJ/mol
4. NCl3
5. 1520 kJ/mol
Explanation:
triple bonds < double bonds < single Explanation:
bonds. The more bonds, the shorter the bond qZn = +2 C qS = −2 C
length. Resonance structures have bonds qNa = +1 C qCl = −1 C
somewhere between single and double bonds. VNaCl = 760 kJ/mol
The more bonding atoms sharing the 2 elec- If r is the distance between the two ions (the
trons, the weaker the bond and the longer the sum of the ionic radii), the energy interaction
bond length. NO− − between ions is given by Coulomb’s Law:
2 and NO3 are both reso-
nance structures, but NO−2 has fewer bonding
atoms. Therefore it has stronger bonds, and q1 q2
V =
shorter bond lengths. 4 π ǫ0 r
q1 q2
r=
007 10.0 points 4 π ǫ0 V
A double bond consists of

1. two pi bonds. rNaCl = rZnS

qNa qCl qZn qS
=
2. one sigma bond containing four elec- 4 π ǫ0 VNaCl 4 π ǫ0 VZnS
trons. qZn qS VNaCl
VZnS =
qNa qCl
3. one sigma and one pi bond. correct (+2 C)(−2 C)(−760 kJ/mol)
=
(+1 C)(−1 C)
4. two sigma bonds. = −3040 kJ/mol ,

5. two beta bonds. the energy released by the interaction.

6. an alpha and a beta bond. 009 10.0 points

Consider the following pairs A and B
Explanation: b b b b b b
b b
The sigma bonds overlap along a line drawn A1 ) Nb b
N O b b
A2 ) b N N O
b b
b

between the two nuclei, and the pi bonds b b

3− 3−
b b
 
overlap perpendicular to this line. b
b O b
b
b
b O b
b

 b b

b b
 b b
 b b
b
   
008 10.0 points O
B1 )  P O  O
B2 )  P O
b
b b b b
 b b  b b

If the interaction energy between a sodium ion  b b

  b b

and a chloride ion in table salt is 760 kJ/mol,
b
O
b b
b b
O
b b
b
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 4
of Lewis structures. onal bipyramidal.
Select the one from each pair that is likely
to make the dominant contribution to a reso- 011 10.0 points
nance hybrid. Consider the species
a) I2 , b) O3 , c) I−
3 , d) CS2 , e) CO.
1. A1 and B1 Which of the species is/are polar?

2. A2 and B1 correct 1. c) and e) only

3. A1 and B2 2. b) and e) only correct

4. A2 and B2 3. e) only
Explanation:
b b b b b b
b
4. b) and c) only
b
A1 ) Nb b
N O b b
A2 ) b
N N O
b b
b

−1 +1 0 0 +1 −1 Explanation:
Of the species listed, only O3 and CO are
The second structure is preferred because it
polar. CO is polar due to the difference in
places the negative formal charge on the most
electronegativity between O and C; O3 is po-
electronegative atom.
 3−
b b
 3− b b
lar because it has 3 RHED and one lone pair
b b b b
O −1 b b
O −1 b b
on the central atom. This lone pair is an
0  0
area where negative charge is concentrated,
b b
 b b
 b b b b
 0   b −1 
B1 )  O P O 
 b b
 B2 )  O P O 

b b
b

 b b b b so this results in the molecule having an over-

 −1 
b b
 0 b b all dipole moment. In the other species, I2 and
−1 O b b
−1 O b b
b b b b
CS2 are both linear and in the case of CS2 ,
The first structure is preferred for the same the two opposing dipoles of the C-S bonds
reason. will cancel. Finally I−3 has 5 RHED and three
lone pairs on the central atom but they are ar-
010 10.0 points ranged at 120◦ so their effects cancel and the
ion is nonpolar.
On the basis of valence shell electron pair
repulsion theory, the electronic geometry of 012 10.0 points
XeF2 is Which of the following has bond angles
slightly less than 109.5◦?
1. trigonal bipyramidal. correct
1. CS2−
3
2. linear.
2. COCl2
3. octahedral.
3. AsF3 correct
4. square planar.
4. COS
5. trigonal planar.
Explanation: 5. SO2
b
b
b

b
F Explanation:
b
b

b
b
b

Xe
b

b
b
AsF3 has four regions of electron density,
b

b
b

F
b
b
b

b
b
one of which is a lone pair, which repels the
b
b

For the central atom Xe, HED = 5, lone other regions, making those bond angles less
pairs = 3, and the electronic geometry is trig- than 109.5◦.
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 5

013 10.0 points 3. 67%; 33%

Which bond is not found in ethylene (C2 H4 )?
4. 33%; 67%
1. π2p−2p
5. 50%; 50%
2. All of these bonds are found in C2 H4 .
Explanation:
3. σ1s−sp2 1
s= = 25%
4
4. σsp2−2p correct 3
p = = 75%
4
5. σsp2−sp2
016 10.0 points
Explanation: Consider the species H2 CCH+ .
014 10.0 points  +
What hybridization would you expect for P H a b

→
 
in PO−
3?

 C C H

 
1. spd H

What hybridization is at a and b, respec-

2. sp3
tively?
3. p
1. sp3 ; sp3
4. sp3 d
2. sp; sp
5. sp3 d2
3. sp3 ; sp
6. sp
4. sp2 ; sp2
7. sp2 correct
5. sp2 ; sp correct
8. s2 p2
6. sp2 ; sp3
Explanation: Explanation:
This is a resonance structure where P
shares eight electrons with three oxygen  +
H 2
atoms. There are no lone pairs of electrons. sp sp
→

 
Therefore there are 3 regions of HED and the 
C C H

hybridization is sp2 .

 
H
015 10.0 points
The sp3 hybridization has what percent s 017 10.0 points
character and what percent p character?
A molecule with the formula AY4 has eight
1. 25%; 75% correct shared electrons and has the trigonal bipyra-
midal electronic geometry. The central atom
2. 75%; 25% is “A”. Pick the true statement.
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 6
4. slightly less than 109.5 degrees
3
1. It is sp hybridized.
5. 180 degrees
2. It has square planar molecular geome-
try. 6. slightly less than 120 degrees correct

3. It exhibits resonance. Explanation:

N is the central atom. One O atom makes
4. It has one lone pair of electrons on A. a single bond to N and the other makes a
correct double bond to N. This means there are TWO
different resonance structures. Additionally
5. It has two single bonds and two double there is a lone pair on the N atom.
bonds. There are 3 RHED around N so the elec-
tronic geometry is trigonal planar. As one
6. It is an anion. RHED is a lone pair, the molecular geometry
is bent and the O-N-O bond angle is a little
7. It is a non-polar molecule. less than 120 degrees.

Explanation: 020 10.0 points

Assume that in each pair of compounds be-
b
b

The Lewis structure is Y A Y low the type of crystal structure is similar.

Consider the strength of the attractive force
Y Y bonding the ions together in each compound.
018 10.0 points In which case would the relative strengths be
Which of the following compounds contains a ranked correctly?
σ bond formed from the overlap of 1s and sp3
atomic orbits? 1. LiCl > LiBr correct

1. CHF3 correct 2. NaI > LiI

2. C2 H2 3. MgCl2 < CaBr2

3. CF4 4. KF < KCl

4. C2 F6 Explanation:
The strength of the coulombic interaction
5. C2 H4 between the two ions is directly proportional
to their charges, and inversely proportional to
Explanation: their separation. The separation of the ions
is determined by their radii. Therefore the
019 10.0 points strongest interactions will be between small
Predict the bond angle in the nitrite ion, ions and with a high charge.
NO−2.
021 10.0 points
1. 60 degrees A molecule has one lone pair of electrons on
the central atom and three atoms bonded to
2. 90 degrees the central atom. The central atom follows
the octet rule. What is its electronic arrange-
3. slightly less than 180 degrees ment and its hybridization?
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 7

1. pyramidal; sp3 shell. Each of the fluorines will have a true

octet. Thus
2. tetrahedral; sp2
N = 12 + 5 (8) = 52
2 A = 7 + 5 (7) = 42
3. pyramidal; sp
S = N − A = 10 .
4. angular; sp3
10 electrons are shared in the 5 single bonds
2 to the fluorines. In addition to those bond-
5. trigonal planar; sp
ing electron pairs, there is also one lone pair
6. trigonal planar; sp3 of electrons on the chlorine. (“Left over” elec-
trons are placed on the central atom.)
7. tetrahedral; sp3 correct
023 10.0 points
Explanation: Which substance has nonpolar covalent
One lone pair plus 3 bonded pairs equals bonds?
4 electronic regions. This means that the
central atom is tetrahedral and hybridization 1. O2 correct
is sp3 .
2. NO2
022 10.0 points
The compound ClF5 (where Cl is the central 3. CO
atom) has an electronic geometry of octahe-
dral. What would be the quantities for the 4. NaCl
Lewis dot formula? N (needed electrons), A
(available electrons) and S (shared electrons) Explanation:

1. N = 48; A = 42; S = 12 024 10.0 points

Write the electron-dot notation for the ele-
2. N = 52; A = 42; S = 12 ment P.

3. N = 48; A = 42; S = 10 1. None of these

b b

4. N = 48; A = 42; S = 8 2. b
b
P b
b

b b
b b

5. N = 50; A = 42; S = 10 3. b
P b
b

b b

6. N = 52; A = 42; S = 8 4. P b

7. N = 50; A = 42; S = 8 5. P b

b b

8. N = 50; A = 42; S = 12 6. b
P b
b

b b

9. N = 52; A = 42; S = 10 correct 7. P b

b

b b

Explanation: 8. P b

The number of electrons needed in this case b

b b

must be adjusted for an expanded octet for 9. b

P b correct
the central atom, chlorine, which will have b

6 pairs of electrons (12 total) for its valence Explanation:

 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 8
According to its electron configuration 1. 16; 4
([Ne] 3s2 3p3 ), P has 2 + 3 = 5 valence elec-
trons. The electron-dot notation for P is 2. 14; 5
therefore b b

b
P b 3. 14; 4
b

025 10.0 points 4. 14; 6

What total number of valence electrons
should appear in the dot formula for the chlo- 5. 16; 6 correct
rate ion ClO−
3?
6. 15; 5
1. 32
7. 15; 6
2. 28
8. 15; 4
3. 30
9. 16; 5
4. 24
Explanation:
5. 26 correct The total number of electrons equals its
atomic number plus one extra electron as is
Explanation:
indicated by the charge: 15 + 1 = 16 electrons
Chlorine has 7 valence electrons and oxy-
total. The valence electrons are the outer
gen 6. The overall −1 charge indicates that
most s and p electrons. P− has 6 electrons in
there is 1 extra electron. The total number of
its outer shell.
valence electrons is
1 × 7 e− (from Cl) + 3 × 6 e− (from O)
+1 e− (from −1 charge) = 26 e− 028 10.0 points

How many non-bonding electron pairs are

026 10.0 points
on the central atom in SF−
5?
Which of the following species are radicals?
1. 3
1. NO2 correct
2. 0
2. CH2 O
3. 2
3. HCN
4. 4
4. HNO2
5. 1 correct
5. N2 O
Explanation: Explanation:
NO2 has 17 valence e− . The total number of valence electrons is

027 10.0 points

The phosphorous anion (P− ) has how many
S 1 × 6 e− = 6 e−
total electrons and how many valence elec- F 5 × 7 e− = 35 e−
trons? −1 charge +1 e− = 1 e−
42 e−
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 9
 − 1. None of these

b
b

b
b
b
F F
 b 

b
b
 

b
b

b

S
 2. correct
and   is the Lewis struc-

b
b

b
F F
 b b

 b b 
b

b
b

b
b
F
 b
b b

3.
b
b
ture.

029 10.0 points 4.

Which of the following statements concerning
valence bond theory is/are true? 5.
I) Hybridizing one 2s orbital with three 2p
orbitals would produce four sp3 orbitals. Explanation:
II) When a 2s orbital is hybridized with a The term ‘sigma’ implies the entity has
single 2p orbital, there will be a single symmetry of rotation of any angle around a
unhybridized 2p orbital left to form a π central axis; like viewing a cylinder down the
bond. long axis from one of the circular ends.
III) Among the types of hybrid orbitals A sigma-antibonding molecular orbital is
we have learned about, the minimum formed when two atomic orbitals overlap in
amount of s-character for a hybrid or- such a way that they are out of phase. In
bital is 1/6th . H2 the atomic orbitals which combine to form
the antibonding sigma molecular orbital are
1. II only both 1 s:
H 1s H 1s H2 σ ∗
2. I only
+ →
3. I, III correct
031 10.0 points
4. II, III After constructing the Lewis dot formula for
CCl−3 , give its electronic arrangement and
5. I, II molecular shape.

6. I, II, III 1. trigonal bipyramidal, T-shaped

7. III only 2. trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw

3. tetrahedral, tetrahedral
Explanation:
Statement II is false because there will be
4. tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal correct
a pair of unhybridized p orbitals available for
π bonding. Statements I is true because hy-
5. trigonal planar, trigonal planar
bridizing any number of atomic orbitals al-
ways results in an equal number of hybrid
6. tetrahedral, angular
orbitals. Statement III is true because sp3 d2
hybrid orbitals have 1/6th s-character. Explanation:

030 10.0 points

N = 8(4) = 32
Identify the antibonding orbital corre-
sponding to the σ-bond in H2 . A = 1 + 4 + 3(7) = 26
S = 32 − 26 = 6
 Version 038 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53130) 10
ativity increases going from left to right and
032 10.0 points upward in the periodic table, so the most elec-
tronegative element is O, meaning the H O
Which of the following ions has a tetrahe- bond is most polar.
dral molecular (actual) geometry?

1. NH+
4 correct

2. H2 F+

3. H3 O+

4. CO2−
3

5. NO−
3

Explanation:
H

H N H

H
For the central atom N, HED = 4 and lone
pairs = 0, so the electronic and molecular
geometries are also tetrahedral.
H

N
H H
H

033 10.0 points

Which covalent bond is the most polar?

1. H S

2. H H

3. H O correct

4. H N
Explanation:
In each case a pair of electrons is being
shared between H and one other element. The
greater the difference in electronegativity be-
tween the two elements (H and O, N, H and
S), the more polar the bond. Electroneg-