Raptor Q-Based Efficient Multimedia Transmission over Cooperative

Cellular Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an adaptive, intelligent radio and network technology that can
automatically detect available channels in a wireless spectrum and change transmission
parameters enabling more communications to run concurrently and also improve radio operating
behavior. We have examined the problem of reliable multimedia transmission over cooperative
cellular cognitive radio networks while ensuring the QoS of primary transmissions. We have
developed an efficient video transmission procedure based on best relay selection and AL-FEC
schemes. The best relay is selected on the basis of successful video decoding ability based on the
Raptor Q characteristics and the highest value of the SINR at the destination node. The Raptor Q
is used as an AL-FEC scheme to struggle the packet loss occurring due to primary user
interference (e.g., due to the PU QoS constraints and low-power transmissions) and other
channel conditions (e.g., fading). Moreover, for efficient licensed channel utilization and robust
video transmission, we have employed different time sharing ratios ranging between direct and
best indirect links. BY use Raptor Q code as the Application Layer Forward Error Correction
(ALFEC) scheme to combat packet loss arising from primary user interference and other channel
conditions such as channel fading. For implementing cooperative diversity, we select the best
relay based on the ability of successful decoding using Raptor Q and the value of signal-to-
interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the destination node. Moreover, for efficient primary user
channel utilization, the selected relay performs merging of the encoding coefficients before
forwarding to the destination. We evaluate the performance of the proposed framework under
various time sharing scenarios between the direct and best indirect transmission links in terms of
decoding overhead, probability of decoding failure, and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the
received videos. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the baseline
transmission scheme, and conventional relaying schemes using Amplify-and-Forward (AaF) and
Decode and-Forward (DaF) transmission techniques

Recent advances in wireless access technology and the rapid proliferation of media-rich devices
and applications have changed wireless network traffic on a fundamental level [1]. In a recent
study, Cisco predicted that wireless traffic would grow threefold from 2016 to 2021, with 82% of
the increase being related to video 1. Hence, the exponential growth of delay sensitive
multimedia applications and services which also demand a certain quality of experience poses
the great challenge for scarce radio spectrum. The Cognitive Radio (CR) emerges as a powerful
communication paradigm for sharing wireless spectrum and is considered a promising solution
for accommodating various video related applications (i.e., video on-demand, on-line gaming,
and video conferencing etc.). Many researchers and academics have considered cellular
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) for transmitting video and real-time multimedia contents. co-
located cellular communication paradigm, the primary and secondary systems coexist, and the
Secondary User (SU) enabled with CR can exploit the licensed channel as long as it does not
generate harmful interference to the Primary User (PU). However, transmitting without any
interruption is one of the main advantages of underlay channel access scheme which more suits
to the nature of real-time and multimedia applications. Some other advantages of adopting the
underlay technique is that the mitigation of the interference received at the PU from the SU and
by using the underlay channel access scheme, the SU can be able to use a wide frequency band
such as Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) which makes possible to achieve high data rate with extremely
low transmission power However, when the QoS requirements of primary transmission are very
stringent, the SU is allowed to use a low transmission power, which limits the SU throughput and
consequently causes the secondary receiver to experience low quality of received videos. Severe
packet loss due wireless channel fading and interruption of the PU happened in CRNs which
required some effective error correction mechanisms. In case of decoding failure, the
conventional error correcting codes retransmit the entire coded sequence which cause
unacceptable long latency and therefore, such mechanisms are not considered as efficient
solutions especially in multimedia streaming in which transmission latency is utmost important
to quantify the quality of viewing experience. However, the rate less codes (i.e., Raptor Q) are
considered as the most important solution for packet loss recovery for the erasure channel. The
Raptor Q is the 1st practical source code aimed at reducing the retransmission overhead. It also
provides improved system reliability in terms of large degree of freedom in the selection of
transmission parameters. Some more unique features of Raptor Q are channel efficient, flexibility
and linear time decoding complexity.

1.The interference from a primary transmitter to secondary relays is an important design

parameter, which affects the performance of CRNs.

2. The relay selection schemes are mostly based on the conventional parameters such as
availability of common channel between sender and receiver all the relay-assisted
communications use the traditional AaF and DaF relaying protocols that generate a large amount
of duplicate information at the receiver which consequently increases the complexity and
decoding time. Thus, use of conventional AaF and DaF relaying protocols is another
performance limiting factor, especially in delay sensitive real-time multimedia transmissions.

3. A Packet loss recovery mechanism at application layer is highly recommended by Third

Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for real-time
multimedia.