NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION: B
TIME : : M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
SCORE :

INSTRUCTOR : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

 LESSON 1 – ACTIVITY #1

NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION : B
TIME: M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

1. After reading the NORSU’s vision, mission, and policy. Create your own
vision, mission.

MY VISION

MY MISSION
 ACTIVITY

LESSON 2 – TOPIC 1
(Act. No. 1)

NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION : B
TIME: : M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

Answer the following questions:

1. The modern explosion of knowledge has led to an age of specialization with

this concomitant quip:
A specialist knows more and more about less and less.
An expert knows more and more about less and less until he or she knows
everything about nothing.
A related joke cleverly twists this saying:
A generalist knows less and less about more and more until he or she knows
nothing about everything.
Should schools produce generalists or specialists? Defend your answer.

Answer :

It's not an either/or situation when it comes to deciding whether to what

schools should produce, a specialist or a generalist. So I could say that it
depends. It isn't that one is superior to the other. They’re just different and
equally valuable in different ways. Each sees patterns in things that the other
can’t see.In a specific subject, the expert notices deep patterns. The generalist
notices broad patterns that link a variety of topics , those patterns in various
dimensions. I believe there is a left-brain/right-brain person, with the logical
and analytical among us more likely to specialize, while the more creative
among us is more likely to generalize. So again, who is more valued, that is
who should be rated more highly, what schools and universities should
produce? Well it depends upon the capabilities and competencies in a specific
area or field . Which are you? Specialist or generalist? Do you think one should
be more valued in society or do you agree with me that both are important?
2. Spencer is convinced that he who is most fit survives and so encouraged
individual competition. Read this article about Singaporean education today
and find out with whom you agree.
- Spencer’s individual competition or Singaporean educational system where
competition is not encouraged.

Learning is not a competition: No more 1st, 2nd or last in class for primary and
secondary students
SINGAPORE – Whether a child finishes first or last will no longer be indicated
in primary and secondary school report books from next year – a move which
Education Minister Ong Ye Kung hopes will show students that “learning is not
a competition”.
Report books will not just stop showing a student’s position in relation to class
or cohort. The information to be dropped includes:
 Class and level mean
 Minimum and maximum marks
 Underlining and/or coloring of failing marks
 Pass/fail for end-of-year result
 Mean subject grades
 Overall total marks
 LIR5 (English plus five relevant subjects), L1R4, EMB3 (English,
Math, best three subjects) and EMB1 for lower secondary level
The Ministry of Education (MOE) said on Friday (Sept 28) that the change is
to allow each student to focus on his or her learning progress and discourage
them from being overly concerned about comparisons.
From next year all examinations for Primary 1 and 2 pupils will also be
removed, and whatever forms of assessment they have will not count
towards an overall grade.

Answer :
Herbert Spencer’s view is that individual competition leads to social
progress and the one who is fittest survives. It was Herbert Spencer who
actually coined the phrase"survival of the fittest" which depicted a constant
struggle amongst the species. As a result of this continual struggle, the
stronger species survived and multiplied while the weaker species perished.
On the other hand, competition is not encouraged in Singaporean educational
system. So, from these two views of education, the latter one is whom I would
agree. I would rather be in an educational system where you could study
without competing others than studying where the only mentality is how to
survive at your own without thinking others also. An education with a mindset
of competing others is a toxic environment to be with. However, if an
educational system encourages you on how to survive without competition, is
a great place to be with.
 ASSESSMENT

LESSON 2 – TOPIC 1
(Quiz No. 1)

NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION : B
TIME: M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

Answer the following questions:

1. Explain in a sentence why each education philosopher was associated with
these given words:

a. John Locke – the empiricist

- John Locke is synonymous with the term empiricist because he believes that
the learners acquire knowledge by interacting with concrete experience,
comparing, and reflecting on the same experience and he offered an empiricist
theory in which learners acquire ideas through our experiences in the world.

b. Spencer – the utilitarianist

- Spencer’s concept of “survival of the fittest” means the competition between
individuals can lead to social progress and also he is associated with
utilitarianism education because he developed and evolutionary utilitarianism
ethics in which the principles of ethical living are based on the evolutionary
changes of organic development.

c. John Dewey – experience

- John Dewey is associated with the phrase “Learning through Experience”
because his philosophy in education focuses on letting the learners experience
the real world stimulation in order to prepare them to participate in the society.

d. George Counts – Building a new social order

- George counts is associated with Building a New Social Order because he
dare the schools and teachers to change the social order and he believes that
education is not based on eternal truths but is relative to a particular society
living at a given time and place.

e. Theodore Brameld – the Social Reconstructionist

- Theodore Brameld is associated with the Social Reconstructionism because
his philosophy focuses on building a new society by letting the school examine
and resolve the society’s inconsistencies, controversies and conflicts.

f. Paulo Freire – Critical Pedagogy vs Banking method

- Paolo Freire is associated with the critical pedagogy vs. Banking method
because he chooses the process of critical pedagogy, which utilizes equality
between teachers and students, over banking methods which promotes
oppressive relationship between teachers to students.

2. Make a table of summary of the philosophies of education.

Philosopher Philosophy on Aim/s Classroom/School

and Method/s of Education Application

John Locke Learners can acquire Learner’s activity must

knowledge by interacting involve empirical
with the environment and observation and
gaining experience. practical experiences.

Herbert Spencer Human development had Classroom activities

gone through an evolutionary must show
process. progress from simple to
complex
or from uniform to
specialized
activities.

John Dewey Learners can acquire School must be social,

knowledge through scientific and democratic
experience.

George Counts Education is relative to a Schools must become

particular society living at a instrument for social
given time and place. improvement.

Theodore Brameld Curriculum must emphasize Schools must examine

on creating a better society. and resolve the society’s
conflicts

Paolo Freire Teachers and learners must The teacher and

have democratic relationship learners must engage
and learn from one another. into dialogues in order
to learn from one
another.
 ASSIGNMENT: LET’S REFLECT!

LESSON 2 – TOPIC 1
(Assignment No. 1)
47

NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION : B
TIME: M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

Two Things I Learned from this My Thought/s or Reaction/s

Topic
I learned that Herbert Spencer’s
concept of “survival of the fittest”
means that human development had
gone through an evolutionary series
of stages from the simple to the
complex and from the uniform to the
more specialized kind of activity
I also learned that the philosopher
George Counts views education as
the construction of a new social order.
It is not based on eternal truths but is
relative to a particular society living at
a given time and place.
Implying those who were most fit
would survive the social world due to
some biological mechanism that
made them superior but the reality is, I
guess , in the eyes of God we are the
same and no one is powerful over
anyone else. Maybe others are more
capable enough on that certain area
but not at all specified fields.
We future teachers should lead
society rather than follow it. We are
called on to make important choices in
the controversial areas of economics,
politics and morality because if they
failed to do so, others would make the
decisions for them. We future
educators are agents of change.
 NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ
SECTION : B
TIME: M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

Answer the following questions:

1. Why was the focus of education different for different groups of people in
different places and at different periods in world history? What does this point
to regarding relationship of schools and society?

Answer :
Because of the legacy of numerous colonizers of our country, such as
Spaniards, Americans, and Japanese, the emphasis of education changes for
different groups of people, different locations, and at different times in world
history. Since the emphasis of education is dependent on its culture, it
changes over time depending on the need and resources of that age.
As society transforms, education also transforms. Philippine education is a
clear example of a boat sailing in a body of changes and challenges because
of its educational system that both shifting its paradigms and efforts of reform
within education that leads to an awareness of new ideas and new needs.The
educational reformation of the Philippines manifested in every Filipino people's
efforts from different places and periods taken to adjust in a diverse learning
environments designed to meet the needs of all learners of those times. Today,
the focus of education is on the expanding access and ensuring more Filipinos
to receive a decent basic education, as a means of reducing poverty and
improving the societal competitiveness. For a reason that society and schools
are intertwined to each other.
The schools reflect society, and society reflects the schools. That linkage
contains the dynamics for the improvement of education. Education is not only
part and parcel of those schools in which it is offered but also of the society
that gave it birth.
2. Given the different characteristics of the different periods in Philippine
history, what were the goals of education / schools during the:

a. Pre-colonial

Answer :
During the pre-colonial period, most children were provided with solely
vocational training but lesser academics for them to be good fathers and
mothers, which was supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned for
specific, specialized roles within their communities. In most communities,
stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice regarding all
sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation
mostly through oral tradition.
Most children received only vocational training during the pre-colonial era,
which was supervised by parents, tribal tutors, or those assigned to unique,
specialized positions within their communities (for example, the babaylan). In
most cultures, oral tradition was used to pass down stories, songs, poems,
dances, medicinal practices, and guidance on a wide range of community
issues. Although there are other syllabus used in the archipelago, some
cultures used a writing method known as baybayin, which was widely used
and varied.

b. Spanish period
Answer :
When the Spanish first arrived in the Philippines, education of the
indigenous people was mainly viewed as the duty of religious organizations.
Parish friars put forth great effort to teach the indigenous people to read
believing that literacy was the key to better lifestyles. Education during this
period was formal and organized and was managed, supervised, and
controlled by the friars.The focus of education during the Spanish Colonization
of the Philippines was mainly religious education. The Catholic doctrine
schools that were set up initially became parochial schools which taught
reading and writing along with catechism. Spanish missionaries established
schools immediately after reaching the islands. The schools are focused on
religious formation to help them live the Christian faith. Aside from the teaching
of new industrial and agricultural techniques.

c. American regime
Answer :
During the American regime all children have an equal access to quality
education and experience the system of free and compulsory elementary
education that was established by the Malolos Constitution it was The
Educational Decree of 1863, where attendance in school was compulsory
between the ages of seven and twelve during that time as they promote the
democratic ideals and democratic way of life. The Americans were keen to
open up seven schools with army servicemen teaching with army
command-selected books and supplies. More schools were opened, this time.
High schools were created and the curriculum focused on practical job skills
that would better prepare students for professional white collar or skilled blue
collar work. They educated the Filipinos to become good citizens of a
democratic country.

d. Japanese regime
Answer :
The aims to make the Filipinos understand the position of the Philippines
as a member of the East Co-Prosperity sphere. Fostering new Filipino culture
and people's morale is being raised by removing the over-emphasis on
materialism. This period dedicated to the spread of the Japanese language in
the Philippines and the abolition of English in schools. This era is more in
promotion of vocation education, he dissemination of elementary education
and the love for labor.

d. Post-colonial period
Answer :
Education aimed at the full of realization of the democratic ideals and way
of life in order to achieve the following goals: to foster love of country; to teach
the duties of citizenship; to develop moral character self-discipline; and for
scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.

3. DepEd’s mission is “to protect and promote the right of every Filipino to
quality, equitable, culture based, and complete basic education.” Has the
Philippine educational system from pre-colonial to present given equal access
to quality, culture-based and complete basic education? Or was it a privilege of
a few? Explain your answer.
Answer :
I could assert that the Philippines' educational system, from pre-colonial
times to the present, has somehow not provided equal access to high-quality,
culture-based, and comprehensive basic education. Pre-colonial education is
not gender sensitive because each gender has different teachings to learn,
and the teachings are not always safe. Education at the time was focused on
vocational training rather than academics. The Spanish Era does not have
equal access to quality because only the ilustrados and Spaniards are
permitted and can afford to attend school, and each school has a different
teaching style. During the American regime, people began to have equal
access to high-quality, culturally-based, and comprehensive basic education.
And from the post-colonial period up to the present day, it maintain the status
of educational system that give an equal access to quality, culture based and
complete basic education because of the law that being implemented and
follow, the Filipinos has lot of privilege from American regime up to the present
not unlike the past.
On the other side, as of now, the government has allocated and financed a
substantial amount of money to the education sector. They have services to
assist parents who are having difficulty supporting their children's studies.
They have scholarships and a variety of services to help develop the
Philippines' educational system, but there are still gaps. Looking around, we
see that there are still street children and children who have chosen to stay at
home because they have been unable to attend school. Yes, the Philippines
has provided for education, but this is insufficient because it does not reach its
full potential. To equitable education we are all have equal opportunity in
education, men and women, private or public, regardless of their social class,
race, gender, sexuality, ethnicity background or physical and mental
disabilities. To culture based education, student learning the values, norms,
knowledge, beliefs, practices, and language that are the foundation of Filipino
culture excluding any ethnocentrism idealism instead promoting cultural
relativism. Lastly, complete basic education of the Philippines is not only being
accessible to all, it must be of the highest quality. And it is not a
government-granted privilege; it is a legal right for everyone – children, teens,
and adults. As a piece of advice, we should support one another and not waste
the opportunities provided by the government so that, as professionals, we can
have an effect on transforming the country toward eradicating illiteracy and
poverty, allowing us to finally call the Philippines a progressive country.
 ASSESSMENT

LESSON 2 – TOPIC 2 (Quiz No. 2)

NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION : B
TIME: M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

Answer the following questions:

1. What is meant by socialization as a function of schools?

Answer :
Schools shape children's ideas and beliefs; society's morals, attitudes, and
norms are internalized in children, causing them to think and behave like other
members of society. School represents a community that strives to satisfy its
needs, while society offers a line of action for education (school), tying them
together. Socialization as a function of schools is intended to be a method of
understanding one’s culture and how to live inside it. The function of
socialization is to acquaint individuals with the norms of a given social group or
society. It prepares people to engage in a community by demonstrating the
group's standards. Due to the fact that schooling is the most important element
in socialization. The socialization functions in education can be described as
being available for work and having the ability to make independent decisions
so that a person can perform social roles and fit into social structures with
specific role types later in life.

2. In the Philippines, was education a privilege enjoyed by all Filipinos since

the precolonial period? Why or why not?
Answer :
Yes, education in the Philippines has been a privilege enjoyed by Filipinos
since the pre-colonial era, as our ancestors have already pursued informal
education. As time has passed, our educational system has undergone many
changes and challenges, ranging from authority inequality and prejudices to
the time when we have what we cherish today. The educational structure has
been updated and formalized to meet the needs and resources of a particular
time span. Even though there was no modern technology available during the
pre-colonial era, our ancestors were still able to teach their children to be good
fathers and mothers in the future, which was a requirement at the time due to a
lack of parenting skills. Until other colonizers take over the various times and
leave their own legacy to develop our country's educational system. Education,
on the other hand, is now regarded as a human right rather than a privilege.
This right to education has been strengthened by the 1987 Constitution and
numerous supporting laws designed to protect and promote every Filipino's
right to a standard, equal, culture-based, and comprehensive basic education.
Despite the difficulties and gaps in Philippine education that we have all seen
and observed from pre-colonial times to the present, we must be thankful that
our ancestors never stopped and gave up on using their privilege to ensure
that we have the right that we have now. For I believe that education is a right
for a reason: it cannot be taken away as a privilege can.

3. Can school change the socializing effect of family, the primary agent of
socialization? Can an excellent school undo the socializing effect of an
extremely deprived home?
Answer :
Yes, the school will influence the family's socializing impact, but this will
take time because the family is the most powerful socializing agent in almost
every society. Its primary significance stems from its role as the primary
socializer of young children. Children engage with others and learn about
society's principles, norms, and beliefs from their relatives. However, the
socialization process that children go through at home could be carried over to
their school experiences. We refer to the school as our second home because
it will act as a home for the children. Since then that we start our educational
journey we continue our socialization process in school wherein we are guided
by our second parents which is the teachers. Throughout their vocation as a
teacher, they have shape our minds and help us to recognize our talents and
goals. To some teachers, it is nothing but a job that pays the bills. Others, on
the other hand, consider it their life. The academic relationship between
teachers and their students has evolved as a result of constant socialization.
Even our classmates cannot deny that we treated them as biological siblings
as we formed a friendship bond with them. Both parents and teachers play an
important role in shaping a child's academic and social development,
particularly in socialization.
Teachers, I believe, play a more important role than parents when children
start school because they spend the majority of their time there and parents
rarely have time to teach them. For reason that school is important because it
is a tool to help prepare us for life. Not only can we learn the basic skills to read,
write, and do the arithmetic but we can learn about peoples, places, and nature.
Able to learn how to interact positively with their peers and teachers. They
learn about healthy relationship skills and develop them further through
interactions, both in the classroom and in the home. Both home and school are
important agents in socialization. Parents should support after school learning
by interacting with their child positively about school and teachers, providing a
supportive environment at home, and nurturing the child's interests. Being
involved in a child's education shows that parents support their learning. This
is the reason why parents and teachers should cooperate to achieve its utmost
result in children's social skills.
 ASSIGNMENT

LESSON 2 – TOPIC 2
(Assignment No. 2)

NAME : EMPERADO, ALJUN BERNADEZ

SECTION : B
TIME: M-W-F 5:30 - 6:30
TEACHER : MISS RACHEL ARANTZA TAGANILE MIRAL

Answer the following questions:

1. Should college education be for all? Or should it be given only to those who
are intellectually capable of college education? Those who are not should be
directed to technical education. Isn’t giving access to college education for one
who is not intellectually capable a waste of time and resources? Was that not
the very purpose of the National College Entrance Examination then – to
redirect to technical vocational courses those who were not capable of a
college course? Write your reflections.

Answer :
College education should be for all, because if everyone were
well-educated and created a much more competitive economy, this would help
the nation very well. Each citizen would also benefit the government itself by
offering its own degree. Therefore we must have a fair education, which will
provide equal opportunities, whether private or private, for women, for men, for
men or for women, irrespective of their social class, race, gender, sexuality,
ethnicity or physical and mental disability. We need to change the learner's
view that only those who are intellectually capable should obtain a college
education. What about those who have developmental disabilities? There
would be no such thing as an illiterate person in the world if everyone,
regardless of their disabilities, had the ability to learn to read and write. Some
people were suffering from illiteracy and ignorance as a result of stereotyping
and unfair treatment of our society's pitiful lower social class. That is why
education should be available to all, not just a select few, regardless of
intellectual ability.and we should never estimate someone's capability because
we are not in a position to judge and stop them from achieving their dreams.
Also, those who are mentally disabled should not be guided toward technical
education because each of us is gifted with a unique quality that distinguishes
us from others.
Every human being possesses a unique set of skills, talents, and abilities.
We are different because we have different desires and inclinations. It's
possible that someone excels in their preferred courses but not in technical
ones, or vice versa. We can't assume that anyone with poor grades in high
school would have no more chances to pursue college education based solely
on their previous grades, because I know many people who have had poor
grades and are now successful. Don't give up if you're getting bad grades.
Study and pray even more hardly and faithfully. Let us eliminate any college
requirements that restrict a student's ability to choose their educational
courses and prevent them from discovering undiscovered dreams and
potentials. Because, first and foremost, it is their life, not ours, and it is never a
waste of time or money to allow a learner who is not intellectually capable
access to a college education.
Since it is a fundamental human right of every Filipino learner, as
guaranteed by the 1987 Constitution, the State shall protect and promote all
citizens' right to a quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic
education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make education
available to all. And most importantly, since we are all made equal in God's
eyes, no one should be considered as a waste and burden to society. Also, if
the purpose of the NCEE is to redirect those who are not capable of a college
course to technical-vocational courses, it is very ineffective because if we only
based on the results of NCEE scores, it would greatly affect those who
received low score results without considering their external factors why they
failed the NCEE exam at that time. Redirecting a learner to
technical-vocational only because he/she received a low score does not imply
that he/she was not intellectually capable, because I believe that if everyone
is given attention and a chance to learn with, there will be no
intellectually challenged learner.

2. Should we bring back the NCEE? Why or why not?

Answer :
National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) was abolished in 1994 by
Education Secretary Raul Roco. NCEE was a standardized test that aimed to
test the competencies of graduating high school students all over the
Philippines. It was good ONLY for those who passed the exam but how about
those who fail the exam? If you fail you would have a hard time to enter
college education because it is a requirement. NCEE tends to stereotype those
learners who got a low score as not intellectually capable learners.It should be
eradicated and have a solution. We should not stress more our learners but
instead offer them easy access to quality education. We should not take away
the dreams of every Filipino learner because whether we like it or not later on
they will be the hope of our nation.

3. Of the developments in Philippine education in the post-colonial period,

which to you is most important?
Answer :
For me, the most significant development in Philippine education in the
post-colonial period is the integration of values in all learning areas. I believe
because it is very important that at an early young age student will be able to
develop moral values. There’s just too much distraction around them such as
using social media at a very young age that if without the proper guidance of
parents and teachers this would lead to worse. Remember that kids are like
sponges. They absorb everything they see or hear. And it falls on us, adults, to
steer them to the right path. As future educators and parents, it is our
responsibility to instill moral values in the children as early as possible. They
look up to us as role models. If we want them to grow up to be productive
members of society, we must teach them how. While learning children also
develop their moral values as the teachers integrate their lessons for them to
hone their fullest potentials. Knowing good moral values such as kindness,
humility, courage, and compassion at an early age builds a child’s character. It
forms the very core of their being and becomes a foundation of their moral
beliefs. At the end of the day, the values installed in us will determine the
quality of our lives and the quality of our relationship with others. That is why
it’s essential to integrating moral values in teaching the lesson while they’re
still children. Those moral values will mold them to become the person we
want them to be.