CLEVERLANEMONTESSORI SCHOOL

Poblacion, San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija

Tel.# 940-9953

Subject Science
Grade Level 10
Quarter 2ND
Subject Teacher Mrs. Josephine C. Castro
Module No. 2
Week and Date Week 1 (NOV 16-19, 2020)

What I Need to Know This will give you an

idea of the skills or
competencies you are
expected to learn in the
module.

In this portion, another

activity will be given
Activity to you to enrich your
knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This
also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Assessment This is a task which

aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in
achieving the learning
competency.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 2

LIVING THINGS AND THEIR

ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 1: Coordinated Functions of the Reproductive,

Endocrine and the Nervous System

Lesson 2 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Explanation on how female reproductive system work.

The female reproductive system provides several functions. The ovaries
produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes. The oocytes are then
transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has
thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine
lining and continue to develop. If implantation does not take place, the
uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow. In addition, the female reproductive
system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops
making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work.
At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be
menopausal.

What parts make-up the female anatomy?

The female reproductive anatomy includes both external and internal
structures.
The function of the external female reproductive structures (the genital)
is two fold. To enable sperm to enter the body and to protect the internal
genital organs from infectious organisms.
The main external structures of the female reproductive system include:
External female reproductive organs

Labia
majora:
The labia majora (“large lips”) enclose and protect the other external
reproductive organs. During puberty, hair growth occurs on the skin of the
labia majora, which also contain sweat and oil-secreting glands.
Labia minora:
The labia minora (“small lips”) can have a variety of sizes and shapes. They
lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the openings to the vagina (the
canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body) and
urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the
body). This skin is very delicate and can become easily irritated and swollen.
Bartholin’s glands:
These glands are located next to the vaginal opening on each side and
produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
Clitoris:
The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that is
comparable to the penis in males. The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin,
called the prepuce, which is similar to the foreskin at the end of the penis.
Like the penis, the clitoris is very sensitive to stimulation and can become
erect.
The internal reproductive organs include:

Internal female reproductive organs

Vagina:
The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the
outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.

Uterus (womb):
The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing
fetus. The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower
part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the
corpus. The corpus can easily expand to hold a developing baby. A canal
through the cervix allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.

Ovaries:
The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of
the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.

Fallopian tubes:
These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and
serve as pathways for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the
uterus. Fertilization of an egg by a sperm normally occurs in the fallopian
tubes. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants to the
uterine lining.

Cervix
 The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). The uterus, a
hollow, pear-shaped organ, is located in a woman's lower abdomen, between
the bladder and the rectum. The cervix forms a canal that opens into the
vagina, which leads to the outside of the body.

What happens during the menstrual cycle?

Females of reproductive age (beginning anywhere from 11 to 16 years of
age) experience cycles of hormonal activity that repeat at about one-month
intervals. Menstru means "monthly” – leading to the term menstrual cycle.
With every cycle, a woman’s body prepares for a potential pregnancy,
whether or not that is the woman’s intention. The term menstruation refers
to the periodic shedding of the uterine lining. Many women call the days that
they notice vaginal bleeding their “period,” “menstrual” or cycle.

The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days and occurs in phases.
These phases include:

The follicular phase (development of the egg)

The ovulatory phase (release of the egg)
The luteal phase (hormone levels decrease if the egg does not implant)
Menstrual cycle
There are four major hormones (chemicals that stimulate or regulate the
activity of cells or organs) involved in the menstrual cycle. These hormones
include:

Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Estrogen
Progesterone

Follicular phase
This phase starts on the first day of your period. During the follicular phase
of the menstrual cycle, the following events occur:

Two hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing

hormone (LH) are released from the brain and travel in the blood to the
ovaries.
The hormones stimulate the growth of about 15 to 20 eggs in the ovaries,
each in its own "shell," called a follicle.
These hormones (FSH and LH) also trigger an increase in the production of
the female hormone estrogen.
As estrogen levels rise, like a switch, it turns off the production of follicle-
stimulating hormone. This careful balance of hormones allows the body to
limit the number of follicles that will prepare eggs to be released.
As the follicular phase progresses, one follicle in one ovary becomes
dominant and continues to mature. This dominant follicle suppresses all of
the other follicles in the group. As a result, they stop growing and die. The
dominant follicle continues to produce estrogen.

Ovulatory phase
The ovulatory phase (ovulation) usually starts about 14 days after the
follicular phase started, but this can vary. The ovulatory phase falls between
the follicular phase and luteal phase. Most women will have a menstrual
period 10 to 16 days after ovulation. During this phase, the following events
occur:

The rise in estrogen from the dominant follicle triggers a surge in the amount
of luteinizing hormone that is produced by the brain.
This causes the dominant follicle to release its egg from the ovary.
As the egg is released (a process called ovulation) it is captured by finger-
like projections on the end of the fallopian tubes (fimbriae). The fimbriae
sweep the egg into the tube.
For one to five days prior to ovulation, many women will notice an increase
in egg white cervical mucus. This mucus is the vaginal discharge that helps
to capture and nourish sperm on its way to meet the egg for fertilization.

Luteal phase
The luteal phase begins right after ovulation and involves the following
processes:
Once it releases its egg, the empty ovarian follicle develops into a new
structure called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes the
hormones estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a
fertilized egg to implant. If intercourse has taken place and a man's sperm
has fertilized the egg (a process called conception), the fertilized egg
(embryo) will travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterus. The
woman is now considered pregnant.
If the egg is not fertilized, it passes through the uterus. Not needed to
support a pregnancy, the lining of the uterus breaks down and sheds, and the
next menstrual period begins.
How many eggs does a woman have?
During fetal life, there are about 6 million to 7 million eggs. From this time,
no new eggs are produced. At birth, there are approximately 1 million eggs;
and by the time of puberty, only about 300,000 remain. Of these, only 300 to
400 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime. Fertility can
drop as a woman ages due to decreasing number and quality of the
remaining eggs.
Name_____________________________ Module No._____
Grade_____ Score_____

SCIENCE 10

IDENTIFICATION: Identify the word or phrase being described in each

sentence write the answer on the space provided.

______________1. Enclose and protect the other external reproductive

organs.
______________2. They lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the
openings to the vagina and urethra.
______________3. These glands are located next to the vaginal opening on
each side and produce a fluid secretion.
______________4. Small, sensitive protrusion that is comparable to the
penis in males.
______________5. It is a canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the
body.
______________6. It also is known as the birth canal.
______________7. A hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a
developing fetus.
______________8. What are the Two Types of Uterus.
______________9. These are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on
either side of the uterus.
______________10. Hollow, pear-shaped organ, is located in a woman's
lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum.
IDENTIFY AND LABEL THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PART
OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

6.

7.

1.

6.
2.

3.
5

4.