Arjun Nigam

Chapter 10 Notes – Leadership

- Leadership; process of motivating, influencing, and directing others in organization to work

productively in pursuit of organization goals
- Effective leadership; ability of a leader to get high performance from subordinates
o Power-influenced perspective
 Also rely on power that flows from expertise, network of allies
o Trait perspective
 Most traits are present, some are acquired through knowledge
 Strategic Thinking; cognitive ability to analyze complex situation, abstract from it,
and draw conclusions about best strategy to follow
 Achievement Motivation; unconscious concern for achieving excellence in
accomplishments through one’s individual efforts
 Power Motivation; unconscious drive to acquire status and power to have an
impact on others
 Charisma; ability of people to charm or influence others
o Behavior perspective
 People-oriented behavior; leadership style that includes showing mutual trust and
respect for subordinates, demonstrating genuine concern for their needs, and
having desire to look out for their welfare
 Task-oriented behavior; leaders who assign employees tasks, clarify work duties
and procedures, and push them to reach performance capacity
o Contingency perspective (Fiedler’s Theory)
 Leader-member relations; how well followers respect, trust, and like their leaders
 Task structure; degree to which the jobs of subordinates are highly structured with
clear work responsibilities, well defined tasks, explicit goals, and specific procedures
 Position power; power that derives from formal hierarchal power over
subordinates, including legitimate power to hire, fire, reward, and punish
o Transformational perspective
 Transformational Leadership; leader who is an agent of strategic and organizational
change
 Envisioning a new future; view different future for organization
 Communicate persistently
 Model desired behavior
 Empower employees
 Meaningful changes in strategy and organization
 Leading with integrity
 Creating an enduring organization
 Transactional Leadership; leader who helps organization achieve current objectives
- Directive Leadership; when leaders tell subordinates exactly what they are supposed to do
- Supportive Leadership; leadership style in which leader is approachable and friendly, shows concern
and treats as equal
- Participative Leadership; leadership style in which leader consults with his or her subordinates,
asking for their opinions before making decisions
- Achievement-oriented leadership; when leader sets high goals for subordinates, has high
expectations for their performance, displays confidence in subordinates, and encourages them