PLACES AND MANNERS WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE CONSONANTS

The place of articulation is the description of the place where the obstruction in the vocal tract takes
place. To describe the place of articulation of a consonant we must state which of the lower
articulators articulates with which of the upper articulators.

Bilabial: there are three bilabial sounds in English: /b, p, m/, the first and the last are voiced, the
second is voiceless. For the place of articulation, in the three of them the upper lip articulates with
the lower lip.

/b/: beat, boat, big, bag, boy, labor

Manner: plosive

/p/: pig, peat, pot, path, person, Spain, spill, cheap

Manner: plosive

/m/: meat, mop, mat, mint, middle, simple

Manner: plosive

Alveolar: alveolar sounds involve the alveolar ridge as the passive articulator. The active articulator
may be either the tongue blade or (usually) the tongue tip. There are six alveolar consonants in
English: /d, t, z, s, n, l/.

D: as in dog, dip, day, deer, third. THE MANNER IS PLOSIVE

T: as in tin, tear, top, tank THE MANNER IS PLOSIVE
Z: zoo, zip, zeal, zone, lazy THE MANNER IS AFFRICATIVE

S: as in song, sip, soap, seat, goose THE MANNER IS FRICATIVE

L: as in little, low, long, leaf, light THE MANNER IS LATERAL
N:as in nice, note, near, nose, dinner THE MANNER IS PLOSIVE

Labio-dental: in the production of these consonants, the lower lip articulates with the upper teeth,
barely touching each other. English labio-dental sounds include [f] and [v].

V: vine, voice, silver, vote, over FRICATIVE

F: fine, feel, fur, foot, first, flip FRICATIVE

Velar: velar sounds are produced with the back of the tongue against the soft palate. They are three
velar sounds in English: /g, k, ⴄ/, the fist one us voiceless, the last two are voiced. The last one is
nasal, example are: queen, gain and the last sound sing.

G: goat, girl, gone, got, angry, begin PLOSIVE

K: king, cot, caught, key, keep, close PLOSIVE
ⴄ: as in song, thing, singer, hang, sink PLOSIVE

Dental: two dental sounds occur in English: / δ, ϑ/, in words such as teeth and they. They are oral.
The tip of the tongue articulates with the teeth.
Δ: the, this, that, there, father FRICATIVE
Θ: think, thank, thought, ether, thirst FRICATIVE

Palato alveolar: there are four sounds /ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ/. The blade or tip of the tongue is used close to the
alveolar ridge
ʃ: ship, shape, shop, shirt, wish FRICATIVE
ʒ: measure, usual, confusion, beige, gigolo FRICATIVE
ʧ: chair, nature, feature, branch, inch AFFRICATIVE
ʤ: jeep, gesture, jump, urgent, object AFFRICATIVE jee

Palatal: sounds are made with the front of the tongue articulating against the hard palate. There is
one palatal sound: /j/ in words such as yes, yesterday, yawn.
J: year, young, you, lawyer, value APPROXIMANT

Velar: the sound /w/ has a double place of articulation, meaning the it is produced at the labial and
the velar area. As in win, witch, wall.
W: weather, watch, word, queen, twelve APPROXIMANT

Glottal: there is only one sound glottal /h/ in words such as hen, ahead. Glottal refers to the glottis,
where this consonant is produced by the close contact of the vocal folds that produce friction.
H: hot, hotel, happy, hole, hearth, help FRICATIVE

Retroflex:

5 EXAMPLES PER PLACE AND MANNERS AND IDENTIFY EACH CONSONANT BY ITS PLACE AND
MANNER

ƱǣΛϑ