CHN LEC – SESSION 17-19

1. A - The patient is considered to have hypertension if the average value of measurements of BP in the
morning and evening for several days is 140/90 or 159/99.

2. D - The LDL cholesterol level is said to be at borderline level if it is 130 to 159.

3. A, B, C, D - The examples of activities that are classified as low are washes cars twice a week, does arts
and crafts every day for 10 minutes daily, plays non-competitive volleyball for an hour 2x a week and
washes dishes daily.

4. A, D - The strategies that promote healthy eating and physical activity are watch his diet by eating
foods low in fat and engage in a moderate intensity of physical activity for at least 10 minutes daily.

5. A - EO 958 that is also known as the “National Healthy Lifestyle Advocacy Campaign”

6. A, D - Program component of mental health are wellness of daily living, extreme life experience,
mental disorder, neurologic disorders and substance abuse and other forms of addiction.

7. A, B, D - It builds from the base, showing that should eat more foods from the bottom part of the
pyramid like vegetables, whole grains and less from the top such as red meat, sugar, fats and oils, it is a
quick and easy guide on how much to eat per mealtime and it serves as visual tool to help Filipinos
adopt healthy eating habits at meal times by delivering effective dietary and healthy lifestyle messages.

8. A - In support of the RA 9257 (The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003) and the RA 9994 (Expanded
Senior Citizen Act of 2010), the Department of Health issued Administrative Orders for health
implementors to undertake and promote the health and wellness of senior citizens as well as to alleviate
the conditions of older.

9. B - All senior citizens are mandatorily covered by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation by
virtue of Republic Act No. 10642 “An act granting mandatory national health insurance program of
PhilHealth for all senior citizens”.

10. A - Low vision is defined as visual acuity of less than 6/18, but equal to or better than 3/60, or
corresponding visual field loss to less than 20 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction.

11. B - The services to address the problem of EOR are provided mainly by optometrists.

12. C - One of the interventions/strategies employed by the DOH is advocacy and health education. As a
PHN, this intervention requires to builds coalition and networks for the delivery of appropriate eye
health care services to ensure best service.

13. A, B, C, D - All of the choices above are prevented with vitamin A.

14. B

15. A

16. B

17. B
18. D

19. C

20. F

COA LEC – SESSION 17-19

1. B. - Dysphagia may be the reason why a client with esophagitis or achalasia seeks treatment.
Therefore, when the client is free of esophagitis or achalasia, he is ready for discharge. Dysphagia isn't
associated with rectal tenesmus, duodenal inflammation, or abnormal gastric structures.

2. B - Elevated serum lipase is the primary diagnostic indicator for pancreatitis.

3. D - The nurse should mention that risk factors for peptic (gastric and duodenal) ulcers include alcohol
abuse, smoking, and stress.

4. D - Exercise helps prevent constipation. Fluids and dietary fiber promote normal bowel function. The
client should drink eight to ten glasses of fluid each day. Although adding bran to cereal helps prevent
constipation by increasing dietary fiber, the client should start with a small amount and gradually
increase the amount as tolerated to a maximum of 2 grams a day.

5. C - A client with diarrhea has a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid
loss in the stool. Expected outcomes include firm skin turgor, moist mucous membranes, and urine
output of at least 30 ml/hr.

6. A - Increase fiber intake is the intervention that can be implemented to promote timely bowel
movements.

7. D - Suggesting to the patient's family members that someone join the patient for meals is likely to be
most helpful in increasing the patient’s intake.

8. D - The specific cause of dysphagia can be determined more easily when the nurse obtains and
observe conditions under which the patient experiences difficulty swallowing.

9. A - When planning care for the patient with acute pancreatitis, the nurse knows that pain control
intervention is the priority of care.

10. B - A common symptom of a UTI is dysuria. A patient with a UTI often reports frequent voiding of
small amounts and the urgency to void. Urine that smells sweet is often associated with diabetic
ketoacidosis.

11. C - Women are more prone to UTI's after menopause due to reduced estrogen levels. Reduced
estrogen levels lead to reduced levels of vaginal Lactobacilli bacteria, which protect against infection.
Angina, asthma and fractures don't increase the risk of UTI.

12. B - Urinary incontinence isn't a normal part of aging nor is it a disease. It may be caused by
confusion, dehydration, fecal impaction, restricted mobility, or other causes.
13. C - When developing a plan of care for the client with stress incontinence, the nurse should take into
consideration that stress incontinence is best defined as the involuntary loss of urine associated with
activities that increase abdominal pressure.

14. B - Clients with stress incontinence are encouraged to avoid substances, such as caffeine and alcohol,
that are bladder irritants.

15. C - A characteristic of urge incontinence is involuntary urination with little or no warning.

16. B - Pain with urination is a common symptom of a lower UTI. Urine output does not decrease, but
frequency may be experienced. Flank pain and nausea are associated with an upper UTI.

17. A - Exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles will help reduce stress incontinence.

18. B - In developing a plan of care for the patient, apply absorbent incontinent pad is the appropriate
nursing intervention for the patient's incontinence.

19. A - Modifications in the environment make it easier to avoid functional incontinence. Checking for
residual urine and performing the Credé maneuver are interventions for overflow incontinence. Kegel
exercises are useful for stress incontinence.

20. B - After menopause, the vagina becomes dry, thinner, and smoother. This atrophy places the vagina
at risk for infection. The combination of this fact with the presence of urine places the woman at higher
risk for infection. The nurse should teach the client good hygienic practices to reduce the likelihood of
infection.

21. B - Men experience a gradual but slight decrease in testosterone until they are in their 80s. Low
testosterone levels do affect sexual performance. Stating that the woman is lucky does not give accurate
information about sexual functioning.

22. D - All client reports require some action by the nurse, but the priority would be to further
investigate and report the "returning periods." In a postmenopausal woman, this can signal cancer.

23. B - Estrogen deprivation, which occurs as a result of menopause, decreases the moisture-secreting
capacity of vaginal cells, thereby making the area drier. The vaginal tissues also become thinner and the
rugae become smoother. Reduced frequency of intercourse will not dry out the vaginal tissues. Drinking
excess water will not make the tissues less dry. A water-soluble lubricant may make intercourse less
difficult. However, the client is asking what causes the problem.

24. B - Calcium is important throughout life, but for the postmenopausal woman, it is vital to help
prevent osteoporosis. Folic acid and B and C vitamins are very important for the woman taking oral
contraceptives. Iron might be important for this client for other reasons but is especially important for
women with heavy menstrual bleeding.

25. C - As the male client ages, the scrotum loses rugae and becomes increasingly pendulous. This is a
normal assessment finding. No further action is needed.

26. D - Persons on HRT should have an annual Pap smear and mammogram.

27. A - Vaseline and petroleum products should be avoided because they do nothing for long-term
dryness.
28. A - Diabetic men are at risk for erectile dysfunction even at young ages.

29-30. A, B, C, D - The response time is not decreased. All of the other options are age-related changes in
the female that affect satisfactory intercourse.