By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to :

Define the term internet

Describe the worldwide web

Explain the components of worldwide web

Internet: a public global network of computers that cooperate with each other to exchange data
using a common software standard

Intranet- a private network of computers owned by organization but uses the internet
networking standard and web technologies e.g. browsers and programming languages

Extranet-these are private intranets that have limited access to collaborations such as suppliers’
customers etc. they are often used by collaborators to provide product availability pricing
shipment data an electronic data interchange

Software standards-these are common protocol, format of a document, file or data transfer
accepted and used by one or more developers while working on one or more than one computer
program egg html, tcp/ip(transmission control protocol/internet protocol), smtp(simple mail
transfer protocol)

Describe the world wide web-is a collection of websites hosted in servers (sharing data
resources among multiple clients) throughout the world and interconnected/linked using
hyperlinks

Components of world wide web

Uniform resource locator-it serves as system for resources on web.

Hypertext transfer protocol-specifies communication of browser and server

Hypertext markup language-defines structure, organization and content of webpage

Website-a collection of webpages which are logically connected by use of hyperlink and related
in the sense that they contain data for a given organization
Homepage-the introductory or first page of a website stored as index or default so that it can be
accessible

Protocol-set of rules and regulations that determine how data is transmitted in communication
and networking

Ftp-standard network protocol used for transfer of computer files between a client and a server
on a computer network

Domain name- it provides a naming scheme for tcp/ip host. Ip address (192.1722.10.254) is not
user friendly thus the use of domain name. domain name is created and accessed with the help of
DNS server

How to obtain a domain name

It must be unique

Register with a central authority such as 101domain, blockchain domain names

The name must be placed under one top level domain e.g. .AC,. COM,.AC.KE,.GO.KE

LEVELS IN DOMAIN NAME

1st levels-extension according to the type of domain e.g .ed,.ke,.ac,.org

2nd level-name the organization choose eg KIST

3rd-the division within the company eg www.computer.kist.ac.ke

4th level-the subdivision within the company eg www.computer.attendance.ac.ke

The basic building block to the internet

Hosts-server, provides resources to other computers

Routers-a special device which reads the destination address on the packets being sent by your
computer and then forwards the packet to the appropriate destination

Clients-your computer -data sent or received inform of a packet

Connections-describes how you can connect from one point to another

Email -a computer-based storage and forwarding of text-based message. The standard e-mails is
based on a tcp/ip service known as smtp which specifies the addressing convections, the: @:
sign, username and locations

Reasons for using emails- delivered in minutes

It is fast

Eliminates costs of postage, printing and presentation

You can send and receive electronic files that contain text, graphics, sounds and moving videos

Disadvantages of using emails

Not secure and confidential

Special formatting may be lost at recipients end

Computer viruses can be sent through emails

Tcp/ip-a standard method of transmitting data in small packets across incompatible networks

Tcp-transmission control protocol is the set protocol that enables all the networks of the internet
to communicate and provide for reliable delivery of data between communicating application

Ip-allows a packet to transverse multiple networks on the way to its final destination. It takes
care of addressing, making sure that the router knows what to do with your data which it carries